猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒SCQ株M蛋白基因截断片段原核表达载体构建及其表达的初步研究

为表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)M蛋白主要抗原表位基因序列,参照GenBank中发表的PRRSV SCQ株M蛋白基因设计并合成一对特异性引物,通过PCR方法从重组质粒pMD18-T-M扩增得到缺失N端跨膜区的M蛋白基因片段dM(deleting M),将其与pMD19-T simple vector连接,经测序正确后克隆至高效原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,得到重组表达载体pGEX-4T-1-dM,并将其转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3),经IPTG于37℃诱导,PRRSV M基因获得表达。经SDS-PAGE分析,所表达的融合蛋白分子量约为35 kDa。以纯化的重组蛋白作为抗原,经Western Blot分析结果表明该重组蛋白可被PRRSV阳性血清所识别,可用于PRRSV的检测。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒SGQ株M蛋白基因截断片段原核表达载体构建及其表达的初步研究

为表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）M蛋白主要抗原表位基因序列,参照GenBank中发表的PRRSVSCQ株M蛋白基因设计并合成一对特异性引物,通过PCR方法从重组质粒pMD18-T-M扩增得到缺失N端跨膜区的M蛋白基因片段dM（deletingM）,将其与pMD19-Tsimplevector连接,经测序正确后克隆至高效原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,得到重组表达载体pGEX-4T-1-dM,并将其转化大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）,经IPTG于37℃诱导,PRRSVM基因获得表达。经SDS-PAGE分析,所表达的融合蛋白分子量约为35kDa。以纯化的重组蛋白作为抗原,经WesternBlot分析结果表明该重组蛋白可被PRRSV阳性血清所识别,可用于PRRSV的检测。     

狂犬病病毒核蛋白基因的克隆序列分析及其在E.coli中的高效表达

对狂犬病病毒（RV）ERA株核蛋白（N）基因进行了克隆和序列分析。根据GenBank中已发表的RVN基因序列，设计合成了1对特异性引物，对RV ERA株N基因进行了RT-PCR扩增。将PCR产物纯化后与pMD18T连接得到重组质粒pMD-N，并进行核苷酸序列测定。结果该基因全长1353bp，编码450个氨基酸。RV ERA株与CVS-11、PV-11、SRV9和SAD—B19株相比，核苷酸的同源性分别为98％、98．3％、99％、99.6％，推导的氨基酸的同源性分别为98％、99％、99％、99.6％。将pMD-N双酶切，回收目的基因片段并克隆到原核表达载体pET28a（＋）中，构建了重组质粒pETN；将其转化表达菌BL21（DE3）并用IPTG进行诱导表达。结果重组菌裂解物经SDS-PAGE电泳可检测到相对分子量为53kDa的重组蛋白。经凝胶薄层扫描分析，重组蛋白表达量占菌体蛋白的56．8％，Western-blot结果显示该重组蛋白能与RV多克隆抗体发生特异性反应。     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒HN6株ORF5基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

用RT—PCR方法从河南分离的1株（HN6）猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）核酸中扩增缺失N端疏水序列的基因片段dORF5（deleting ORF5），并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中测序，再亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a上。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21，用不同浓度IPTG分别于37℃诱导，经SDS—PAGE分析，所表达的融合蛋白的分子质量约31．4ku，薄层扫描分析显示，表达量占菌体总蛋白含量的28．8％。Western—blotting结果表明，重组蛋白可被PRRSV阳性血清所识别。证实，该蛋白可用于PRRSV的诊断。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF7基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中表达

用RT-PCR扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)重庆分离株C14-2的ORF7基因(384 bp),构建克隆质粒pMD19-T-ORF7,经EcoR Ⅰ /Not Ⅰ双酶切回收ORF7基因插入酵母表达载体pPIC9K,构建了重组表达质粒pPIC9K-ORF7,进行PCR鉴定和双酶切鉴定.鉴定的pPIC9K-ORF7经Sac Ⅰ线性化后电转化毕赤酵母宿主菌GS115,筛选获得阳性重组菌GS115(pPIC9K-ORF7),再经G-418/YPD筛选获得高拷贝重组菌,重组子经表型鉴定为Mut.重组菌GS115(pPIC9K-ORF7)经甲醇诱导表达,在96 h表达的N蛋白量最大,N蛋白经SDS-PAGE鉴定大小约为15 000;Western blot表明N蛋白能与美洲型PRRSV阳性血清发生特异性反应,具有良好的反应活性.本研究为开展PRRSV ORF7基因在毕赤酵母中表达及应用奠定基础.     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒N基因的扩增与克隆

应用RT—PCR方法扩增出猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的核衣壳蛋白基因(N基因)，并将其克隆到pET-32a载体，构建了高效原核表达载体pETN。将pETN重组质粒转化BL21(DE3)宿主菌后，对插入片段进行了序列测定及同源性分析。结果表明，插入片段序列与PRRSV美洲型ATCC VR2332株的ORF7核苷酸序列同源性达99．9％，与分离毒株的同源性达99．0％。     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒非结构蛋白nsp4基因的表达及其产物的纯化

根据GenBank中已登录的猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）全基因组序列，设计合成了1对特异性引物，对PRRSV非结构蛋白nsp4基因进行了RT-PCR扩增，将回收的目的基因片段克隆到大肠埃希氏菌表达载体pET28a中，构建了重组质粒pET-nsp4，测序结果证实了重组质粒pET-nsp4的可靠性。将pET-nsp4转化至大肠埃希氏菌表达菌株BL21（DE3），用IPTG诱导表达，SDS-PAGE结果表明，重组菌可表达分子质量约23ku的蛋白。经镍离子亲和层析柱（Ni-NTA）纯化，获得了高纯度的重组蛋白，Western-blot分析结果表明，nsp4重组蛋白在大肠埃希氏菌系统中获得了正确表达。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF5基因的克隆与原核表达

通过PCR方法从重组质粒扩增得到猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)结构蛋白ORF5基因,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a,得到重组表达载体pET-32a-GP5,转化大肠埃希菌BL21.用不同浓度的IPTG分别于37 ℃诱导.经SDS-PAGE分析,所表达的融合蛋白分子量约为31.4 ku;薄层扫描分析显示,表达量占菌体总蛋白含量的28.8%.重组蛋白可被PRRSV阳性血清所识别,可用于PRRSV的检测.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒BJ-4杉ORF3基因的原核表达

通过PCR方法从重组质粒pGEM-ORF3扩增得到缺失N端疏水序列的基因片段dORF3(deleting ORF3)。将dORF3克隆至原核高效表达载体pGEX-4T-2，在E.coli BL21细胞中成功表达了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)重组蛋白GST-dORF3，表达产物以包涵体的形式存在，表达量为30．6％，Western-Blot结果表明重组蛋白可被PRRSV阳性血清所识别。表达的重组蛋白为进一步研究PRRS病毒次要结构蛋白GP3的免疫特性和功能奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒N蛋白基因的克隆及原核表达

通过RT-PCR技术从细胞毒液中扩增N蛋白cDNA,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,所获得的重组质粒pET-28a-N经酶切鉴定正确后,将其转化入表达菌E.coliBL21plysS诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE与Western blotting对表达产物进行鉴定。结果表明,通过RT-PCR扩增获得长度为372 bp的N蛋白基因,诱导表达重组质粒pET-28a-N,经SDS-PAGE检测,IPTG终浓度为1 mmol/L时,诱导4 h蛋白表达量最高,出现分子质量约为18 ku的目的蛋白带,与N蛋白的理论值相符。经Western blotting检测,该表达产物可与PRRSV阳性血清发生特异性反应。获得的PRRSV N蛋白为建立针对该病毒抗体的间接ELISA检测方法,以及为进一步研发PRRS抗体检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布

家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考.     

一起猪链球菌病和伪狂犬病的混合感染的诊治

近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。     

秋冬季预防和治疗虫媒性传染病鸡白冠病和鸡痘

１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是…     

Estimations of repeatability and heritability of egg albumen antimicrobial activity and of lysozyme and ovotransferrin concentrations

1. The repeatability and heritability of growth inhibition by egg albumen of two major pathogenic bacteria, a Gram-negative (Salmonella Enteritidis) and a Gram-positive (Staphyloccocus aureus) and of two antimicrobial albumen proteins, lysozyme and ovotransferrin, were estimated in commercial pedigree hens. 2. Repeatability was evaluated in 100 egg-type hens at the beginning, middle and end of the laying cycle on eggs collected for 3 weeks. Heritabilities were estimated at 36 to 40 weeks of age on 400 pedigree hens (2 eggs/hen), which were the offspring of 25 sires each mated with 4 dams. Ovotransferrin and lysozyme were quantified by ELISA. Salmonella Enteritidis (S.E.) and Staphyloccocus aureus (S.A.) were inoculated into a sample of sterilised albumen and enumerated after incubation. 3. Total protein content in albumen decreased with age of laying hens, whereas there were increases in lysozyme or ovotransferrin concentrations and in the bacteriostatic effect of albumen. 4. Repeatability for bacterial growth in albumen ranged from 0.29 to 0.39 for the number of S.E. (log cfu/ml) one day post inoculation (p.i.) but was lower and more variable at 5 d p.i. or for S.A. number. It ranged from 0.27 to 0.38 for S.E. and S.A. number at the mid period of the laying cycle. Repeatabilities were low and variable for total egg albumen protein or lysozyme and ovotranferrin concentrations (0 to 0.22). 5. Negative phenotypic correlations were observed between lysozyme concentrations and S.E. number but that between lysozyme and S.A. number was not significant. 6. Heritabilities were low (0.01 to 0.09) for protein traits. They were 0.11 for S.A. number and 0.16 for S.E. number one day p.i. 7. It appears to be more efficient to select on global bacterial growth than on specific antimicrobial proteins. The most promising trait is the number of S.E. one day p.i.     

种鹅矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染的诊治

2005年9月份,大庆市红岗区个体养鹅专业户送检6只病死的5月龄左右隆昌鹅和长白鹅,经过实验室诊断确诊为矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染。矛形剑带绦虫属膜壳科     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Description and classification of abnormal cercariae of Schistosoma mattheei and a method of concentration and collection

Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known.