海带多糖清除氧自由基的活性及机理

通过比较不同分子量和化学组成的海带硫酸多糖和褐藻胶的清除氧自由基的活性,探讨了海带多糖清除氧自由基活性的构效关系和作用机理。研究发现,分子量为6~15 ku、糖醛酸含量20.4%的低硫组分F-A2清除自由基活性羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基活性高于大分子量的组分F-A和F-B,而高硫低分子量组分清除氧自由基的活性非常低。酶降解得到的低分子量褐藻胶组分清除自由基活性随分子量的降低而升高,明显高于其他硫酸多糖,说明硫酸根对低分子量糖与自由基的反应有阻碍,而多糖中糖醛酸含量越高,清除自由基活性越好。大分子量的海带硫酸多糖经铜离子和H₂O₂反应产生的羟基自由基氧化降解以后,直接可以得到两个比较集中的低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯Fa2(分子量为7 ku)和Fa1(分子量为1 ku),其化学组成和清除自由基活性的比较说明自由基首先降解糖醛酸含量高的硫酸糖片断,甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖形成的糖苷键很容易被自由基氧化降解,而高硫高岩藻糖部分不易被自由基水解,研究结果说明,海带多糖的抗氧化活性不仅与分子量和硫酸根含量有关,糖醛酸、岩藻糖含量和糖链上中性糖的组成对多糖的清除自由基活性都有影响。     

离子色谱法和氯化钡一明胶法测定海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯中硫酸根含量的比较

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯（Fucoidan）是一种以岩藻糖为主要成分的含有硫酸酯的水溶性杂聚糖。研究发现,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯在医学方面具有独特的抗凝血、抗肿瘤、抗HIV、抗血栓、提高免疫力、降血脂等活性,而硫酸根含量对其生理活性的影响最大。目前从对泡叶藻、墨角藻、昆布、钩鹿角藻等制备的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的抗凝和抗血栓活性及构效关系的报道中发现,     

褐藻多糖体外免疫调节活性研究

以甘露糖醛酸多糖和岩藻聚糖硫酸酯为实验材料,通过酸水解法得到不同的聚甘露糖醛酸组分;采用超声法对岩藻聚糖硫酸酯进行降解,收集不同分子量范围区间的组分,对各样品进行红外光谱分析,并考察了体外对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响,以探索各组分的体外免疫调节活性。实验结果表明,采用三氟乙酸对甘露糖醛酸多糖进行水解,其红外谱图与水解前有明显变化,出现酯基吸收峰,表明水解程度较高;而醋酸水解后红外吸收谱图峰型无显著变化;采用凝胶排阻层析进行分子量检测,各组水解后的聚甘露糖醛酸分子量有不同程度降低。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯经超声处理后,分子量>100kD的组分在2μg/mL浓度下具有提高RAW264.7活性的作用,而浓度上升至54、162μg/mL时对细胞活性有抑制作用;而水解后所得的聚甘露糖醛酸各样品对RAW264.7活性无显著影响。     

海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯纯化去除重金属砷和铅的研究

从福建省沿海生长的海带中提取岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,采用截留分子量50、30、10ku的平板超滤膜进行梯度超滤,发现50ku以上占了提取的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的(84.29±2.772)%。采用EDTA和盐酸处理分子量大于50ku的岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,结合超滤技术进行脱除重金属As和Pb元素的研究,分别用原子荧光光谱仪和电感耦合等离子质谱检测处理前后岩藻聚糖硫酸酯中重金属As和Pb元素的残留量。结果显示,超滤后岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的相对电导率明显降低;用SPSS13.0统计方法对数据进行t检验,结果表明,试验组与对照组存在显著性差异,即用超滤结合螯合方法能显著脱除岩藻聚糖硫酸酯中重金属As和Pb。     

海带粗提物及褐藻酸钠寡糖的保湿与抗氧化作用研究

以海带为原料提取海带粗提物,以褐藻酸钠制备古罗糖醛酸寡糖与甘露糖醛酸寡糖,研究比较海带粗提物、褐藻酸钠、古罗糖醛酸寡糖、甘露糖醛酸寡糖及岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的吸湿、保湿性及抗氧化性。试验结果表明,海带粗提物、褐藻酸钠、古罗糖醛酸寡糖及甘露糖醛酸寡糖具有较高的吸湿性与保湿性,且古罗糖醛酸寡糖、甘露糖醛酸寡糖、褐藻酸钠及岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对超氧阴离子和羟基自由基均有较强的清除作用。     

海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯电渗析分离工艺

采用电渗析法对盐沉后的海带酶解液中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯进行分离,探索工业化分离生产岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的方法,以解决目前乙醇沉淀法存在的安全性和高成本等问题。以脱盐率、糖保留率为检测指标,采用响应面法优化了电渗析工艺参数。结果显示,在操作电压80 V、料液流量3.2 L/min、固形物浓度10 mg/ml、p H=5的条件下,电渗析连续循环3次,海带酶液解干基中多糖含量由40.17%提高至47.11%,硫酸根含量由3.36%提高至4.97%。电渗析后海带酶解液干基中的金属离子含量为Ca 0.13 mg/g、Mg 16.04μg/g、Cu 0.29μg/g、Se 11.7μg/g、Cr 8.06μg/g,Pb未检出,较电渗析前均有降低。电渗析对脱除褐藻胶的海带酶解液进行脱盐纯化处理,可有效地分离纯化出岩藻聚糖硫酸酯。     

低分子量海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的清除活性氧自由基和体内抗氧化作用

用化学发光分析法研究了3种低分子量涨带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯（LMWF－M，LMWF－I，LMWF－IV）体外清除超氧阴离子自基基（O2^-)及羟基自同基（．OH）的作用，并观察了LMWF－M对高脂血症大鼠的抗氧化作用，结果表明阴离子分量海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯组分均有清除活性氧自由基的能力，随体系中LMWF浓度的增加，其清除活氧自由基的能力增强，LMWF－I清除自同基的能力最强，它对O2^-的IC50为0.044mg.mL^-1,对.OH的IC50为0.062mg.mL^-1,，LWMF－M能显著降低高脂血症大鼠箅清和组织中LPO含量（P＜0．01），增强SOD活力（P＜0．01）.     

皱纹盘鲍性腺多糖体外免疫活性和抗凝血活性的研究

采用MTT法检测皱纹盘鲍性腺多糖对淋巴细胞增殖活性的影响的作用;采用中性红吞噬法检测对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响;用凝集法测定活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)和凝血酶时间(TT).试验结果表明,皱纹盘鲍性腺粗多糖(CAGP)和性腺多糖组分1(AGP-1)对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖具有促进作用;对小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能也具有促进作用;AGP-1能极显著延长PT、APTT和TT,且呈剂量信赖性.CAGP和AGP-1对免疫细胞的增殖和功能具有一定的促进作用;AGP-1具有明显的抗凝血效果.     

岩藻聚糖硫酸酯抗炎、抗氧化及其交互作用研究进展

<正>岩藻聚糖硫酸酯是一种主要存在于褐藻和海洋无脊椎动物中的天然活性成分。岩藻聚糖硫酸酯结构中含有L-岩藻糖和硫酸基团,是一种具有多种生物活性的酸性杂多糖,已有研究表明,其具有抗氧化、减轻炎症反应、抑制肿瘤细胞生长、预防心脑血管疾病和肾功能衰竭等生物活性^[1]。因其源于天然原料,来源丰富,并且安全无毒副作用,近年来人们对岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的活性研究越来越关注。     

硒化岩藻聚糖的理化性质和分子结构

运用多种方法和仪器对本实验室制备的硒化岩藻聚糖的理化性质进行了测定 ,结果表明 :硒化岩藻聚糖可溶于水 ,溶解度随温度升高而增加 ,但在有机溶剂中基本不溶 ;室温干燥放置 1年 ,硒含量保持稳定 ;硒化岩藻聚糖的平均分子量为 1.75× 10 4 ;特性粘度为 16 ;在 (2 0± 1)℃时的旋光度为 - 50 .16°。通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、氢谱 (1H -NMR)和碳谱 (13C -NMR)的测定分析确定 ,亚硒酸根取代了岩藻聚糖分子中C2位或C3位的硫酸根而连接在C2 位或C3位     

Isolation of Sulfated Anticoagulant Compound from Fermented Red Seaweed Grateloupia filicina

The red alga Grateloupia filicina was fermented with 0.15 g/mL sucrose at 25 C, and anticoagulant activity was measured biweekly up to the 10th wk by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). A sulfated polysaccharide compound having anticoagulant activity was purified from the sixth wk of fermentation by fast protein liquid chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose followed by a sepharose‐4B column. The concentration of the purified sulfated anticoagulant polysaccharide was 136.65 μg/mL, and the sulfate concentration of the purified compound was 26.33 μg/mL. The presence of just a single spot on agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed that the compound was purified, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the purified compound was of high molecular mass. The purified sulfated anticoagulant polysaccharide consisted of galactose, glucose, and mannose in an approximate molar ratio of 0.95 : 0.01 : 0.03. Both purified anticoagulant and commercial heparin showed >1000 sec APTT activity at 136.65 μg/mL. As the technique of fermentation is inexpensive, the purified anticoagulant compound could have significant potential in the medical and pharmaceutical industry.     

Non-specific immune potentiating activity of fucoidan from a tropical brown algae (Phaeophyceae), <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sargassum cristaefolium</Emphasis> in tilapia (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis>)

Fucoidan mainly produced by brown algae is a sulfated polysaccharide with fucose as a main molecule backbone. The objective of this research was to evaluate the non-specific immune potentiating activity of fucoidan from a tropical brown alga, Sargassum cristaefolium indigenous to the Gunungkidul coast, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Fucoidan was extracted by acidic extraction, separated from alginate by CaCl₂ precipitation and precipitated with ethanol. To know the component of fucoidan, acid hydrolysis was conducted and analyzed by using silica gel thin layer chromatography. In these analyses, a commercial fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus was used as a standard fucoidan. Fucoidan isolated from S. cristaefolium was composed by monosaccharide components of fucose and galactose. The result revealed that injection of fucoidan increased phagocytic activity, total plasma protein, leukocrit and leukocyte count significantly (p < 0.05). The immunomodulating activity of fucoidan from S. cristaefolium was comparable to that of fucoidan standard from F. vesiculosus. However, administration of fucoidan did not affect the phagocytic index and leukocyte differentiation. Injection of fucoidan from S. cristaefolium effectively increased innate immunity parameters of tilapia at doses of 0.4–0.6 mg/kg fish suggested that this fucoidan was potential use for immunostimulant to control fish diseases.     

褐藻糖胶的提取纯化方法

褐藻糖胶是存在于褐藻中的硫酸酯多糖，具有多种生物活性。本文综述了褐藻糖胶的提取、纯化和分级等方面的研究工作。     

海带种质特征

系统地研究了海带(Laminaria japonica Aresch.)的种质特征。详细地描述了海带的形态构造、生活周期与繁殖、特殊物质及含量、鲜干比、同工酶、分子标记等方面特征，确定了海带物种特征的指标范围，为海带种质检测和鉴定提供了技术参考指标。     

海带褐藻糖胶的研究

本工作研究了我国人工养殖的海带叶片中褐藻糖的分布，及海带综合利用工业的废料碱凝沉物中褐藻糖胶的存在量和分离条件。海带叶片中的褐藻糖含量分布边缘比中部多，并从基部向尖部增加，即由0．3％增至1％以上。试验了用十六烷氯化吡啶法(CPC法)和乙醇沉淀法从碱凝沉物中分离褐藻糖胶的条件。两种方法的褐藻糖胶获得率分别为5．6％和4．4％(对干碱凝沉物)，其中的褐藻糖含量分别为24．7％和28．7％。碱凝沉物中的褐藻糖含量为1．4～3．5％。还研究了从褐藻糖胶以酸水解制取褐藻糖的诸条件，并分离出纸层析纯的褐藻糖结晶。     

Mineral composition in the holdfast of three brown algae of the genus Laminaria

SUMMARY: The mineral (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn) contents in the holdfast of three brown algae of the genus Laminaria were determined to compare with those in frond and stipe. The wild and cultivated kelps of Laminaria japonica , L. ochotensis , and L. diabolica were used as samples. The K content was markedly high (11.76–14.91 g/100 g dry weight) in the holdfast of cultivated L. japonica; the K/Na ratio (3.88–5.18) of the holdfast was greater than those of frond and stipe as well as the reported values of frond (1.0–2.2). The content of Ca in the holdfasts of these three species was also higher than those in frond and stipe. The content of Mn showed the same tendency. This is the first report showing that the holdfast of L. japonica and L. diabolica is rich in minerals, especially K.