探讨金枪鱼保鲜手段

探讨金枪鱼保鲜手段陈兆良（沈家门海洋渔业公司冷冻厂,３１６１００）关键词：金枪鱼盐水ＣＰＦ冰鱼气调保鲜金枪鱼鱼类是属于高档鱼类,包括金枪鱼（鲔）、副金枪鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼、南方金枪鱼及长鳍金枪鱼等,除北冰洋外全球广阔海域各大洋均有金枪鱼生产,金枪鱼营养丰...     

金枪鱼类及其渔业

金枪鱼类,属热带、亚热带中上层的暖水系鱼类,在太平洋、印度洋和大西洋各海域都有分布,是国际性开发利用的大宗性经济鱼类之一。目前,发现属金枪鱼目的各种金枪鱼约有十多种。其中,经济价值较高、国际市场供应量较大的有鲣鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼、长鳍金枪鱼、大眼金枪鱼、金枪鱼和马苏金枪鱼。金枪鱼类具有许     

全球金枪鱼罐头业走向衰败

在国际市场上，金枪鱼罐头有大包装、小包装、硬包装和软包装等多种式样。从食用品种上，罐装的有：金枪鱼鱼干、熏制金枪鱼、金枪鱼鱼排、金枪鱼汉堡、金枪鱼香肠、金枪鱼鱼籽和以金枪鱼下脚料制作的宠物罐头。目前，欧美日是罐装金枪鱼消费的主要市场，美国是第一大罐装金枪鱼进口国，其次分别是英国、意大利、     

日本金枪鱼市场报道

日本是世界上最大的金枪鱼生鱼片消费国,但国内经济状况的变化以及野生金枪鱼供应量的减少使得日本消费者购买的生鱼片呈多元化,从最高档的野生蓝鳍金枪鱼、大眼金枪鱼到养殖的蓝鳍金枪鱼和中档的大眼金枪鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼和长鳍金枪鱼。     

金枪鱼若干保鲜方法

金枪鱼类包括金枪鱼(鮪)、副金枪鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼、南方金枪鱼及长鳍金枪鱼等,在全球海域广泛分布于除北冰洋外的各大洋。金枪鱼营养丰富:含水份74—80％、蛋白质20—18％、脂肪4.3％左右。是国际上市场畅销的水产品。泰国是金枪鱼类加工业较发达的国家,从事金枪鱼罐头生产的工厂有22家,金枪鱼罐头品种占罐头家族产品的38.6％,金枪鱼罐头的出口量从1984年的18.54亿铢增加到1991年之26万吨、160亿铢。占据美     

渔业动态

世界5个区域性金枪鱼渔业管理机构首次在日本神户市召开联合会议为了加强世界金枪鱼类资源的养护管理,为了世界金枪鱼类资源的可持续利用,为了加强区域性金枪鱼渔业管理机构的合作,世界5个区域性金枪鱼渔业管理机构(RFMO)的ICCAT(大西洋金枪鱼养护国际委员会)、IOTC(印度洋金枪鱼委员会)、IATTC(美洲间热带金枪鱼委员会)、WCPFC(中西太平洋金枪鱼委员会)、CCSBT(马苏金枪鱼委员会),于2007年1月22～26日集结于日本神户市     

金枪鱼类的渔场环境

金枪鱼类的渔场环境奈须敬二金枪鱼类包括金枪鱼（鲢）、副金枪鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼、南方金枪鱼及长鳍金枪鱼等，在世界海域分布很广，除北冰洋外，各大洋均有踪迹。在南半球，以南方金枪鱼渔场的水温最低，它分布于亚寒带海域。副金枪鱼及黄鳍金枪鱼分布于热带一温带海域，而...     

金枪鱼类渔业管理问题的研究之一:金枪鱼类资源开发利用的现状

上世纪80年代以来,金枪鱼渔业发展相当迅速,已成为当前世界海洋渔业重要组成之一.金枪鱼渔业中的鱼类主要指黄鳍金枪鱼、大眼金枪鱼,长鳍金枪鱼、蓝鳍金枪鱼,鲣鱼等五种,有的包括箭鱼和旗鱼等.     

美济礁附近海域3种金枪鱼肌肉成分检测与营养评价

为分析中国南海美济礁附近海域大目金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)、蓝鳍金枪鱼(T.thynnus)、黄鳍金枪鱼(T.albacares)的营养成分与营养价值,该研究采用国标法检测了3种金枪鱼的水分、蛋白质、灰分、脂肪酸和氨基酸成分及其结构,并进行营养评价。结果显示,3种金枪鱼中黄鳍金枪鱼蛋白质含量最高,蓝鳍金枪鱼脂肪和灰分含量最高;以氨基酸评分(AAS)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为评分标准,3种金枪鱼氨基酸评分均大于等于1;3种金枪鱼各种必需氨基酸构成均优于联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)/世界卫生组织(WHO)模式;蓝鳍金枪鱼的油酸含量远高于其他2种金枪鱼,且差异显著(P<0.05);蓝鳍金枪鱼的单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)种类最多且含量最高。结果表明,3种金枪鱼均具有较丰富的营养成分、较完美的营养比例和较高的营养价值;3种金枪鱼相比,黄鳍金枪鱼可提供更多的蛋白质,蓝鳍金枪鱼提供更多的不饱和脂肪酸。美济礁附近海域3种金枪鱼具有很高的开发价值,成分检测对研究设计这3种金枪鱼专用驯化养殖饲料有重要的参考价值。     

我国发展金枪鱼围网渔业的前景

金枪鱼类因营养价值高而倍受发达国家消费者的喜爱,又因为是大洋性高度洄游鱼类,资源量相对稳定,所以成为远洋渔业国家争夺的目标。金枪鱼类包括13个种,隶属于4个属:金枪鱼属(Thunnus)、鲔属(Euthynnus)、鲣属(Katsuwonus)和舵鲣属(Auxis)。其中最有经济价值而且市场供应量大的有6种:鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)、黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)、金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus)、长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)、马苏金枪鱼(Thunnus maccoyii)和肥壮金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)。以金枪鱼类为捕捞对象的金枪鱼渔业作业方式有围网、延绳钓、曳绳钓、竿钓以及流网等,现在一般采用延绳钓和围网两种。金枪鱼围网的捕捞对象主要是鲣鱼和体型较小的黄鳍金枪鱼,主要用来制作金枪鱼罐头。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

氯氰菊酯暴露对草鱼4种器官组织结构的影响

通过氯氰菊酯对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼(9.30±0.48)g的急性毒性实验及对鳃、肝、肾、脾的组织学研究,探讨了随着氯氰菊酯浓度的增加以及暴露时间的延长草鱼组织结构损伤的变化趋势.结果显示:氯氰菊酯对草鱼种的48 h-LC50和96 h-LC50分别为55.21μg/L和25.00...     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

捕后干露对3种贝类活品品质的影响

为明确经济养殖贝类捕后早期干露耐受性,选取活力良好的菲律宾蛤仔、长牡蛎和虾夷扇贝在4 ℃条件下进行8 d的无水贮藏,以闭壳肌pH、糖原、腺苷三磷酸(ATP)关联化合物、磷酸精氨酸的含量和奥品脱氢酶活性为指标,研究3种贝类的品质变化规律。试验结果表明,无水贮藏期间,菲律宾蛤仔pH无明显变化( P <0.05),而长牡蛎和虾夷扇贝pH分别由7.23和7.39降至6.88和6.80。3种贝的糖原含量均呈下降趋势。ATP在菲律宾蛤仔和长牡蛎初始含量仅为0.41、0.42 μmol/g,且贮藏过程无显著变化( P <0.05);在虾夷扇贝的初始含量为4.05 μmol/g,且随着贮藏时间延长急剧下降。虾夷扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔闭壳肌中章鱼碱脱氢酶活性最大,且随贮藏时间呈增加趋势。长牡蛎中alanopine脱氢酶和strombine脱氢酶起主要作用。结合主成分分析推定,长牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、虾夷扇贝对干露耐受时间分别是8、4、2 d。试验结果表明,在活贝捕后流通过程中应结合干露耐受性差异建立品种针对性的管理措施。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

外源性谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡空肠发育的影响

进一步研究谷氨酰胺(Gln)在促进肠道发育、免疫功能,提高机体对创伤、感染等应激状态下的适应性方面的作用机理,本试验选择1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡160只,按公母均分的原则随机分成4组,各处理组环磷酰胺注射剂量为4mg/kg,免疫抑制于试验第三周进行。Ⅰ组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的Gln进行饲喂,建立谷氨酰胺对环磷酰胺免疫抑制艾维因肉仔鸡调节作用的动物模型,测定机体空肠指数、绒毛直径和固有膜厚度,为Gln在生产上促进肉仔鸡肠道发育、预防免疫抑制及抵抗应激损伤作用提供依据。     

嘉庚蛸精子发生的超微结构

应用透射电镜技术研究嘉庚蛸精子发生过程中各阶段细胞的形态、细胞器及细胞核的动态结构变化。精原细胞呈椭圆形,细胞质少、核大,有线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器;初级精母细胞呈圆形或卵圆形,线粒体多,索条状内质网发达,高尔基体常集中分布,中心粒形成;次级精母细胞呈圆形、椭圆形或不规则形,线粒体嵴发达、基质丰富,高尔基囊泡积累电子致密物,中心粒发出的“9＋2”轴丝结构形成。精细胞分化过程分为6个时期,主要特点为：①核内染色质凝集经颗粒化、纤维化及片层化,最后,形成高电子密度的均质结构;与此相应,核形态由椭圆形、变成长椭圆形、再变成细长柱状,核后端最后向前凹入形成核内沟;精子核的形态建成为染色质的凝集与核周微管加压协同作用的结果。②高尔基囊泡积累电子致密物、融合发育成顶体囊,逐渐延长演变成钻头形的顶体。③线粒体向核后端迁移,形成精子尾部的线粒体鞘。     

湛江近海海域裸体方格星虫消化系统的剖析

本文为探索湛江近海海域裸体方格星虫的消化系统特点,以湛江近海海域裸体方格星虫为材料,对其消化道的形态和组织学进行了切片剖析。结果表明,裸体方格星虫消化系统由口、咽、食道、肠、直肠、盲肠和肛门等组成;在直肠上附有直肠盲囊,其消化道约为体长的2.5倍,肠道通过3个回折及螺旋缠绕形成肠索;消化道管壁由内向外分为黏膜层、黏膜下层和浆膜层,黏膜层有大量的皱褶,没有连续肌肉层,而黏膜下层由结缔组织组成,含有肌纤维和血管神经等;裸体方格星虫消化道有发达的纤毛,直肠盲囊连接于直肠末端,里面充满黄色液体。