贮藏过程中凡纳滨对虾生物胺的变化

以邻苯二甲醛(OPA)为柱后衍生化试剂,采用反相HPLC法测定凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)中的酪胺(Tyr)、腐胺(Put)、尸胺(Cad)、组胺(His)、胍丁胺(Agm)、精胺(Spe)和亚精胺(Spd)等7种生物胺。结合虾的感官分析、pH值和T-VBN值测定等方法评价凡纳滨对虾的品质,分析了凡纳滨对虾在不同贮藏温度和贮藏时间下的生物胺种类及含量的变化。结果表明,在0和4℃两种贮藏温度下,尸胺和腐胺发生的变化均最显著,可以其作为凡纳滨对虾新鲜程度的参考指标,确定最长贮藏时间分别为8d和6d。     

液熏罗非鱼片在25℃贮藏过程中生物胺的变化

为考察液熏罗非鱼片在贮藏过程中生物胺的质量分数及其变化,鱼片采用真空和普通2种包装方式在25℃下贮藏,使用HPLC-紫外检测器分析腐胺（Put）、色胺（Try）、组胺（His）、苯乙胺（Phe）和亚精胺（Spd）5种生物胺的变化。结果表明,5种生物胺在30min内得到有效的分离,并且在0.25～10.0μg.mL-1质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系（R2〉0.999）,最低检测限0.02μg.mL-1,回收率73.8%～113.6%,相对标准偏差（RSD）低于10%。在真空包装和普通包装样品中,Put的最终质量分数为（13.94±0.66）和（16.25±0.16）mg·kg-1,His为（8.76±0.17）和（6.38±0.21）mg·kg-1,Spd为（0.85±0.17）和（0.95±0.21）mg.kg-1,而Try和Phe在贮藏全程未被检出。真空包装能明显延缓且抑制Put质量分数的增加,但对His和Spd无影响,且在2种包装的鱼片中检出的His均未超过国家标准。     

常见水产品中生物胺的调查及分析

为研究不同水产品中生物胺的产生情况,利用高效液相色谱-柱后衍生-荧光检测技术对蓝点马鲛、黄鳍金枪鱼、银鲑、牙鲆、中国明对虾、鹰爪虾、中华绒螯蟹、杂色蛤、杂色鲍中的7种生物胺含量进行调查与分析。试验结果表明,鲜活水产品中几乎不含生物胺,或仅含少量的精胺、亚精胺;腐败水产品中检出大量的生物胺,其中蓝点马鲛、黄鳍金枪鱼、银鲑、牙鲆中的组胺含量分别为422.57、640.00、309.63、151.86mg/kg,而虾、蟹、贝类等无脊椎动物几乎不产生组胺。不同水产品在腐败过程中产生的生物胺种类、含量、比例不同。生物胺总量可作为水产品腐败变质程度的指标。     

草鱼冷藏过程鱼肉品质与生物胺的变化及热处理对生物胺的影响

文章研究了草鱼（Ctenpharyngodon idellus）冷藏过程鱼肉品质与生物胺的变化及热处理对生物胺的影响.将经过前处理的草鱼鱼片于4℃条件下贮藏,对其感官品质、挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）、菌落总数、汁液流失率以及生物胺等指标进行测定,另外经过85℃、15 min的热处理后对草鱼鱼片的生物胺进行测定,探求其变化规律及草鱼的生物胺与其品质指标的相关性.结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,草鱼的汁液流失率、TVB-N、菌落总数均呈现明显的上升趋势,与感官分值的变化趋势相符,草鱼的感官接受极限为9d.草鱼鱼片在冷藏加工过程中变化最显著的生物胺是腐胺和尸胺,第15天腐胺的质量分数达到（17.12±4.40） mg·kg^-1,尸胺的质量分数达到（237.47 ±3.96） mg·kg^-1,且腐胺和尸胺与其他评价指标有着较好的相关性.经热处理后,腐胺、尸胺、组胺、精胺的质量分数有所下降,但与未经热处理的鱼片没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）,故85℃、15 min的热处理对于草鱼中生物胺的破坏作用不明显,难以有效地去除生物胺.     

不同贮藏温度下马鲛鱼和秋刀鱼中生物胺含量变化

建立反相高效液相色谱法快速检测鲭科鱼类(马鲛鱼和秋刀鱼)中8种生物胺(色胺、2-苯乙胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺、酪胺、亚精胺和精胺)含量的方法,进而研究马鲛鱼和秋刀鱼在不同贮藏温度下(-30、4和25℃)生物胺含量的变化情况。衍生后的样品经反相色谱柱C18分离,以超纯水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,254 nm紫外检测生物胺含量。结果显示,8种生物胺在17 min内完全分离,加标回收率为96.80%~116.29%,检出限、定量限分别为0.06~0.31mg/L和0.20~0.75 mg/L。马鲛鱼和秋刀鱼中总生物胺含量与贮藏温度和贮藏时间显著相关(P0.05),且随着温度(4、25℃)的升高而增加。-30℃条件下,在前10天秋刀鱼与马鲛鱼总生物胺含量均降低;10 d后秋刀鱼中总生物胺含量升高。两种鱼在3种不同贮藏温度下,2-苯乙胺、尸胺和组胺均是贮藏过程中的主要生物胺;在-30℃贮藏条件下,马鲛鱼2-苯乙胺和尸胺含量在前10天随贮藏时间延长而降低,而秋刀鱼中两者的含量在前10天逐渐增加;在4、25℃条件下,秋刀鱼较马鲛鱼更易产生组胺;鲭科鱼中精胺含量在整个检测时间内无明显变化规律。秋刀鱼在-30、4℃贮藏条件下未检出色胺和酪胺;马鲛鱼中色胺含量较低且变化不显著;鲭科鱼中酪胺在4℃贮藏条件下显著性升高。在25℃贮藏条件下,除亚精胺和精胺外,鲭科鱼中其他生物胺均明显增加。结果表明,鲭科鱼类中生物胺含量与贮藏温度紧密相关,低温贮藏可有效抑制鱼肉中色胺、2-苯乙胺、腐胺、尸胺、组胺和酪胺的产生。本结果可为鲭科鱼类贮藏和生物胺监控提供参考依据。     

液相色谱法检测磺胺类药物柱后衍生反应条件优化

采用液相色谱柱后衍生法检测磺胺类药物,衍生化反应效果对检测结果有较大影响.通过正交实验,对影响衍生化反应的主要因素进行优化,得出磺胺在线柱后衍生优化条件为:流动相pH值3.0、反应温度60℃、流动相乙腈比例18％、衍生化试剂荧光胺浓度0.25mg/mL.     

非挥发性生物胺对组胺的可见分光光度法检测结果的影响

采用液相色谱法和可见分光光度法分别测定水产品中组胺的含量,比较了这两种检测方法测定结果的差异性,结果发现可见分光光度法的检测值比液相色谱法高。根据可见分光光度法的显色反应原理,研究了尸胺、腐胺、亚精胺和酪胺4种水产品中常见的非挥发性生物胺与偶氮试剂的显色反应,发现4种生物胺在480nm处都有一定吸光度,这会对组胺的检测结果产生不同程度的影响;其中酪胺对检测结果的影响最大,其吸光度达到了同浓度组胺的70%左右,而且生物胺的浓度越高对组胺检测结果产生的影响也越大。这4种生物胺是水产品中常见的胺类物质,采用可见分光光度法测定组胺含量时,其存在往往会导致检测结果偏高。因此,为保证水产品中组胺检测数据的准确性,尽量选择使用液相色谱法进行检测。本研究为水产品中组胺定量检测方法的选择及检测结果分析提供数据支撑。     

高铁酸钾对微囊藻毒素的去除效果探讨

研究高铁酸钾对微囊藻毒素（MC—LR）的去除效果，探讨不同反应影响因素（反应时间、K2FeO4质量浓度、温度和pH）对去除率的影响。结果表明，K2FeO4能够有效地去除水中的MC—LR。K2FeO4对MC—LR的去除率与K2FeO4。投加质量浓度、反应时间成正相关，其中K2FeO4质量浓度对去除效果的影响较为明显；反应温度对去除率的影响不显著；pH对去除率也有重要影响，当pH分别为2和10时去除率分别为94．51％和87．96％。正交试验的结果也进一步证明了不同反应影响因素对去除效果的影响显著程度。     

水产品中生物胺的研究进展

1前言 生物胺（biogenic amine）是一类低分子量含氮有机化合物的总称。在生物体内，生物胺最主要的生物合成途径是氨基酸经脱羧酶类催化的脱羧反应，生成相应的胺和CO2，通式如下.     

氰戊菊酯、胺菊酯对海洋藻类、贝类的毒性研究

本文研究了新型杀虫剂氰戊菊酯、胺菊酯对海洋藻类（金藻、小球藻）和贝类（紫贻贝、扇贝）的毒性。经实验分别得出了两种农药对金藻、小球藻生长的半数抑制浓度（ＥＣ５０）和对贻贝、扇贝的急性半致死浓度（９６ｈＬＣ５０）值。实验结果表明，贻贝对两种农药的敏感性最低，其它三种生物对两种农药的反应各不相同．     

Chemometrics Approaches to Monitoring of Biogenic Amines Changes in Three Fish Species

The biogenic amine contents in fillets of three freshwater fish of kutum (Rutilus frisii), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and Caspian salmon (Salmon caspius) were monitored during storage at 4°C for 20 days. The amounts of biogenic amines were determined at regular intervals using high performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with benzoyl chloride. Significant differences in the levels of selected biogenic amines among the fish samples were found (p < 0.05) during storage times. While the amount of putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine in the fish fillets increased during the storage time, the changes in spermine and spermidine contents of the fish species were minor and both showed low and inverse correlations with storage time. For each of the three fish species, the sensory acceptability limit was found to be 4–8 days. The quality and biogenic amine indices of fish samples showed high correlation with storage time (r > 0.9). The principal component analysis of the results indicated that the formation of biogenic amines displays a certain behavioral pattern in all fish samples.     

带鱼腌制加工过程理化指标、微生物和生物胺的动态变化及相关性

为探明鱼类腌制过程生物胺形成机理,本文研究了带鱼(Trichiurus haumela)在腌制加工过程盐度、水分含量、水分活度(Aw)、pH、蛋白质水解指数(P.I.) 非蛋白氮(NPN) 、游离氨基酸、微生物和生物胺的动态变化及相互关系,结果表明：pH在腌制阶段增加但在干燥阶段下降;盐度、P.I和微生物(菌落总数、乳酸菌、葡萄球菌和微球菌)在整个加工过程持续上升,水分含量和Aw则持续下降。整个加工过程,发生了明显的蛋白质降解反应,NPN 和游离氨基酸在干燥阶段含量显著上升;总生物胺含量增加了2.26倍(p＜0.05),其中尸胺含量显著增加了157倍,其次是组胺。带鱼腌制过程,游离氨基酸与生物胺显著正相关(p＜0.05),作为生物胺前体物质对生物胺的形成影响较大,微生物则起到了促进和抑制生物胺的作用,生物胺的形成还受pH、盐度、Aw等因素的共同影响,是一个极其复杂的过程。     

Reflecting on the Recent Publisher's Report

Research was conducted to determine the effects of potassium sorbate applications (0, 1, 3, and 5% w/v) on the shelf life of pearl mullet (?nci Kefali; Chalcalburnus tarichi) fillets packaged with vacuum. Fillets kept at 4 ± 1°C were subjected to microbiological (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, molds, and yeasts) and chemical (pH, thiobarbituric acid—TBA, total volatile base nitrogen—TVB-N, water activity, and biogenic amines) analyses on certain days (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days) of storage. It was determined that potassium sorbate had effects on total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, mold-yeast counts, TVB-N values, phenylethylamine, putrescine, tryptamine, and pH of fillets at a significant (p < 0.01) degree. Retarded bacterial growth was observed as the antimicrobial effect increased with the degree of its concentrations. Storage time had significant (p < 0.01) effects on bacteria count, TBA, TVB-N values, and biogenic amines; all of which were increased by longer storage. It was concluded that application of potassium sorbate, especially at a 5% level, and vacuum packaging helps cold stored fillets maintain their biogenic amines and microbiological and chemical qualities longer.     

Simultaneous Determination of Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines in Tuna and Mahi-Mahi by Reversed-Phase Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Tuna and mahi-mahi are two major fish species responsible for histamine poisoning. This research developed a rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method to determine amino acids, histamine, and other biogenic amines that can act as co-indicators of histamine poisoning in tuna and mahi-mahi. The modified UHPLC method could simultaneously determine four biogenic amines and 10 major free amino acids in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) within 17.5 min. This UHPLC method showed good linear response, sensitivity, resolution, recovery, repeatability, and number of theoretical plates. The concentrations of detected amino acids, biogenic amines in mahi-mahi and tuna, and their relationships with fish spoilage grade were determined by this UHPLC method. The developed UHPLC method is a rapid and accurate way to monitor quality changes of mahi-mahi and tuna by inspecting the changes of amino acids and biogenic amines.     

Formation of Biogenic Amines and Associated Biochemical and Microbial Attributes of Whole Sutchi Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during Iced Storage

Sutchi catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is a highly preferred farmed species that is produced in huge quantities. Meat from ice-stored (4 ± 2°C) whole Sutchi catfish was evaluated for formation of biogenic amines, such as putrescine, cadaverine, histamine (HIM), agmatine, tyramine, spermine, and spermidine, and compared with biochemical, microbial, and sensory attributes during 22 days. Analysis of content of biogenic amines in the meat was carried out by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry using a without derivatization method. Three amines, namely, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine, were only present on 0^th day of storage. Presence of cadaverine was noticed from 9^th day onwards, where the aerobic plate count (APC) reached 4.85 log CFU/g. Putrescine was detected on the 22^nd day of storage, where the APC crossed 7 log CFU/g. HIM was detected in lower quantities from 3^rd day onwards. A shelf life of 15 days was determined based on sensory and microbiological evaluation. Although the samples were biochemically acceptable throughout the storage period, APC exceeded the limit on day 19, and the gradual increase of H₂S-producing bacteria, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Aeromonas, and Enterobacteriaceae, was observed during storage.     

水产品中生物胺的研究进展

杂交瘤-单克隆抗体技术由Koehler和Milstein创建于1975年。20世纪80年代初在世界各国兴起单克隆抗体研究热潮，现在每年都有大量有关单克隆抗体的研究报道，单克隆抗体已从初期的探索性研究进入大量开发、应用阶段。Siwicki等制备了抗金鱼免疫球蛋白单克隆抗体并用于抗体分泌细胞定位和免疫水平监测，Lin和Dickeison等应用单克隆抗体分析小瓜虫保护性抗原并进行了被动免疫实验，Austin和Cartwright等建立了以单抗为核心的水产病原快速检测方法。     

Effect of Bacterial Community and Free Amino Acids on the Content of Biogenic Amines During Fermentation of Yu-lu,a Chinese Fermented Fish Sauce

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of bacterial community and free amino acids on the content of biogenic amines in Yu-lu during fermentation. Four major biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine) were identified, and the content of tyramine was positively correlated with histamine (R value = 0.9113). Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, and lysine were the dominant free amino acids. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the composition of the bacterial community changed significantly during fermentation of Yu-lu. Principal component analysis revealed the crucial links between microbial community and biogenic amines. For example, Halanaerobium was probably associated with the formation of putrescine, while Halomonas might be associated with the degradation of biogenic amines at the end of fermentation of Yu-lu. This study provided a detailed evaluation of the Yu-lu fermentation process, enabling development of better strategies for biogenic amine control in fish sauce.