土池培育尖塘鳢苗种技术

介绍了尖塘鳢的土池苗种培育技术 ,依据鱼苗的食性进行饲料投放和水质培育。 2 0 0 3年 5～ 6月 ,在 5口面积 12 0 0～ 2 5 0 0m2 的土池中放养人工孵化的鱼苗 136 5万尾 ,经 4 3～ 5 5d培育 ,收获规格 3 1～ 3 8cm的苗种 36 19万尾 ,培苗成活率 2 6 5 1% ,实现了尖塘鳢苗种土池规模化培育生产。     

唇(鱼骨)池塘苗种培育试验

进行了唇鲋夏花培育、1龄秋片苗种培育和2龄秋片苗种培育生产性试验.夏花培育池0.67 hm2,轮虫高峰期下塘唇(鱼骨)水花鱼苗10万尾.经24 d培育,鱼苗的平均全长达34.92 mm,增长4.04倍,平均体质量达0.285 g,增长142.5倍,鱼苗在22日龄后体质量增长较快,出塘唇(鱼骨)夏花8.2万尾,成活率82％.1龄秋片苗种培育试验池塘面积0.27 hm2,放养夏花8万尾(平均全长2.58 cm),经142 d培育,平均全长达16.62 cm,增长6.44倍,平均体质量达37.88 g,增长291.38倍,出塘秋片鱼种6.248万尾,成活率78.1％,饵料系数2.5.2龄苗种培育池塘0.2 hm2,放养1万尾(平均体质量15.6 g),经101 d饲养,平均全长达18.21 cm,增长1.56倍,平均体质量达56.66 g,增长3.63倍,出塘唇(鱼骨)鱼种9960尾,成活率99.6％,饵料系数2.2.     

河川沙塘鳢人工繁育试验

为研究河川沙塘鳢的人工繁殖技术和苗种培育技术,将捕获的野生河川沙塘鳢鱼种套养在河蟹生态养殖池内养成,从中挑选亲本246组,以自然产卵、人工孵化的方式进行繁育.共收集完整卵块198块,用其中的157块进行人工孵化,最大卵块中有卵3557粒,最小卵块有2172粒,平均2980粒,总计46.8万粒,共孵出鱼苗37.5万尾,平均受精率91.7%,孵化率87.4%.分别采用网箱和水泥池进行苗种分级培育,全程投喂人工培育的浮游动物,经50 d的培育,鱼种的体长分别达到4.1±0.2 cm、4.3±0.1 cm,成活率为77.8%、87.5%.以人工饲料在水泥池进行驯食培育,75 d后,鱼种体长达到3.5±0.3 cm,成活率达47.2%.     

鳡鱼苗种池塘培育试验

鱼感鱼水花在5万尾/667m2￣10.6万尾/667m2的密度下,经过25d￣30d的培育,鱼苗全长由0.7cm￣0.8cm增长到2.5cm￣3.0cm,成活率为66.6%￣82.6%;同在池塘条件下,全长2.5cm的鱼感鱼苗以0.2万尾/667m2￣0.4万尾/667m2的密度经25d的培育全长达到6.5cm￣8.0cm,培育成活率达85.0%￣88.3%。本试验通过对人工繁殖的鱼感鱼水花进行池塘专池培育,取得了显著效果,为规模化生产鱼感鱼苗种找到有效途径,为鱼感鱼商品鱼养殖奠定了基础。     

舟山海域褐牙鲆全人工繁育技术研究

2010年3月至6月,在浙江省海洋水产研究所西闪试验场进行了舟山褐牙鲆全人工繁育技术研究。在水温16.0～23.0℃,盐度26～27,溶解氧5.0～6.0mg/L的条件下,历经60d的培育,累计育成平均全长3.6cm以上的牙鲆鱼苗80×104万尾,受精率87.9%,孵化率90.9%,全长3cm～5cm的鱼苗培育成活率32%。     

中华倒刺鲃苗种培育试验

探讨在自然条件下 ,培育中华倒刺鱼巴鱼苗的因素。设计了不同的放养密度 ,观察记录了鱼苗在不同温度、不同体长阶段的生长情况。结果表明 ,中华倒刺鱼巴苗种培育的水花放养密度以 1 50尾 /m2 左右为宜 ,仔鱼早期生长较慢 ,2 0cm后生长较快 ,养殖水温以 2 8～ 32℃为最佳。试验共用鱼苗 5万多尾 ,通过 50天的培育 ,鱼苗体全长从 1 0cm长至 7 5cm ,尾重达 5 3g ,平均成活率达 96 8%。     

黄姑鱼全人工繁育及大规格苗种培育技术研究

2010年6月,在象山港湾水产苗种有限公司育苗场进行了黄姑鱼全人工繁育技术研究。在水温21.0～24.6℃,盐度26～27,溶解氧5.0～6.0mg/L的条件下,历经50d的培育,累计育成平均全长4.5cm的黄姑鱼鱼苗86.06×104尾,受精率85.7%,孵化率90.9%,鱼苗培育成活率38%。     

奥尼罗非鱼当年苗种池塘养殖达出口规格试验

在广西水产研究所那马中试基地进行了池塘养殖当年繁殖的奥尼罗非鱼苗种达出口规格试验。在1800m^2池塘中投放全长为3—4cm的奥尼罗非鱼鱼苗2860尾，经178d养殖，奥尼罗非鱼平均体重为O．75kg/尾(最大为1．1kg／尾)，平均体长为26．1cm(最大为29．5cm)，总产量为1750kg，平均产量为648kg／667m^2，养殖成活率为81．6％。     

斑点叉尾鲴苗种培育试验

斑点叉尾鲴苗种培育从卵黄苗培育开始,包括鱼苗培育和鱼种培育两个阶段.卵黄苗以枝角类为开口饵料,以后逐渐增加投喂罗氏沼虾仔虾料,鱼苗生长发育良好,成活率达90%以上.鱼种培育用出膜10-15天,全长2.0cm的鱼苗,按7742尾/亩,10551尾/亩,14981尾/亩三种密度放养,投喂粗蛋白含量32%以上的配合饲料,经99-133天的培育,分别获得43.7克/尾、18.8克/尾、10.9克/尾三种规格的鱼种.     

斑鳜的人工繁殖与苗种培育试验

2005-2006年,进行了斑鳜的人工繁殖和苗种培育试验.试验结果表明,催产斑鳜亲鱼18组,雌鱼平均体质量380 g.催产率83%;获受精卵10.85万粒,受精率75%;获水花6.62万尾,孵化率61%.水花于水泥池中养至平均全长2.0cm 苗种成活率72%;平均全长2.0 cm苗种养至平均全长5.0 cm苗种成活率88.5%,1334 m<'2>池塘放养平均全长2.0锄苗种6200尾,经93 d养殖,收获鱼种4371尾,平均全长12.66 cm.平均体质量32.39 g,养殖成活率70.5%.     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

牙鲆刺激隐核虫病的防治

2005年七、八月份,乐亭、滦南一带多家工厂化牙鲆养殖场发生刺激隐核虫病,此种病虫害发病急、传染快、死亡率高。发生过该病的养殖场牙鲆死亡率一般都在50％～80％之间,这种病害给牙鲆养殖业带来很大损失。