氮肥对啤酒大麦蛋白质含量及产量的影响

分析了啤酒大麦港啤1号氮肥的施用量、氮肥运筹比例以及拔节起身肥施用时期对其收获籽粒蛋白质含量和产量的影响，并找出啤麦籽粒蛋白质含量不超标(≤12%)，又能获得可观产量(7749kg／hm2)的最优施肥组合。即：氮肥用量为225kg／hm2，运筹比例(基肥：分蘖肥：起身肥)为70：15：15，起身肥施用时期为叶龄余数3．0时。     

氮肥运筹对港啤1号群体质量及产量和蛋白质含量的影响

为给啤酒大麦优质高产栽培中合理施用氮肥提供科学依据,在配合磷肥的前提下,研究了不同氮肥运筹对啤酒大麦港啤1号群体质量、产量和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,有效穗数、叶面积指数、群体干物质积累量、籽粒产量和蛋白质含量随之增加;随着氮肥用量后移,越冬苗、返青苗、最高茎蘖数、有效穗数均呈下降的趋势,成穗率和籽粒蛋白质含量均呈上升趋势;综合考虑大麦群体质量、产量及籽粒蛋白质含量等多项指标,啤酒大麦港啤1号以总施氮量225kg/hm2、基肥与穗肥比例为8∶2的组合较好,可获得5790.75kg/hm2的产量,并生产出符合酿酒业标准的优质啤麦原料。     

饲用大麦扬饲麦3号优质高产栽培技术研究

研究不同密度、氮肥用量及运筹比例对饲用大麦扬饲麦3号籽粒产量及主要品质指标的影响,结果表明:1、籽粒产量构成因素中穗数对于产量的贡献占主要作用,穗数与产量呈显著正相关;2、适当增加施氮量和氮肥运筹比例后移可以明显提高籽粒蛋白质与赖氨酸含量,饲用大麦扬饲麦3号籽粒的产量与蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量呈正相关关系;3、扬饲麦3号以225万/hm2密度、氮肥用量225kgN/hm2、采用基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥为3∶3∶4运筹比例有利获得优质高产。     

施氮量对不同大麦品种产量和蛋白质含量的影响

研究氮肥用量对不同大麦品种籽粒千粒重、产量和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:(1)大麦千粒重主要是由品种的遗传因素所决定的。(2)大麦产量主要是由品种的遗传因素所决定的。苏啤3号在施氮量为210kg/hm2,氮肥运筹在基追比为8∶2时,能获得较高的经济效益,适宜在江苏沿海地区大面积推广应用。(3)品种籽粒蛋白质的含量除了受品种固有的特性影响外,还跟生长过程中氮肥施用的多少有很大的关系。     

氮肥用量及运筹对不同啤酒大麦产量和啤用品质的影响

试验以单二大麦、苏啤3号两个大麦品种为材料,研究氮肥用量及运筹对啤酒大麦产量、千粒重和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:(1)随着氮肥施入量的增多,大麦籽粒蛋白质含量不断增加,同一施氮水平下,氮肥后移会导致籽粒蛋白质含量提高。(2)在250 kg/hm2氮水平下,基追比为7:3时,两个品种产量均达到最高,分别为6 833.68 kg/hm2和7 055.91 kg/hm2。(3)施氮量的多少对大麦千粒重有显著影响,同一施氮水平下不同品种籽粒千粒重的差异主要是由品种本身的遗传差异决定的,受氮运筹的影响较小。(4)综合各方面表现,苏啤3号要远远好于单二大麦,大面积生产上应逐步以苏啤3号来替代单二大麦,以提高大麦的产量和品质,从而达到高产高效的目的。     

氮素运筹对弱筋小麦扬麦9号产量、品质和旗叶衰老特性的影响

为了解弱筋小麦植株衰老特性与籽粒产量及品质形成的关系,选用弱筋小麦扬麦9号,设置不同的氮肥处理,测定和分析了植株生育后期旗叶光合特性和衰老特性及品质指标.结果表明,低氮(180 kg/ha)和高氮(240 kg/ha)在氮肥比例[基肥∶壮蘖肥(5叶期施)∶拔节肥(倒3叶施)∶孕穗肥(倒1.5叶施)]为7∶1∶2∶0时的两处理生产的籽粒品质均符合国标(GB/T 17893-1999).施氮量180 kg/ha、氮肥比例5∶1∶2∶2处理植株生育后期净光合速率、Rubisco含量、SPAD值、POD和SOD酶活性在品质符合国标的处理中最高,旗叶蔗糖含量高,籽粒转化蔗糖能力强,产量最高;施氮量240 kg/ha、氮肥运筹5∶1∶2∶2处理,虽然有效延缓了植株衰老,产量最高,但籽粒品质不符合国标.说明弱筋小麦扬麦9号后期衰老速率快虽有利于降低籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量,但不利于产量提高;延缓衰老虽有利于产量提高,但易致品质下降.本试验条件下,弱筋小麦扬麦9号采用施氮量180 kg/ha、氮肥运筹5∶1∶2∶2的栽培方式,后期衰老速率适度,有利于品质改善,产量亦较高.     

氮钾配施对扬农啤7号籽粒产量与麦芽品质的影响

为了解氮、钾肥施用量及配比对啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响,以啤酒大麦品种扬农啤7号为材料,测定并分析了氮、钾肥配施对籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及麦芽品质的影响。结果表明,扬农啤7号的籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及麦芽品质性状在氮肥施用量间的差异均显著(P0.05);随着氮肥施用量的增加,籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和麦芽α-氨基氮含量、糖化力呈增加趋势,麦芽脆度、浸出率及库尔巴哈值呈降低趋势;在相同氮水平下,钾肥施用量对扬农啤7号籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及麦芽品质性状有一定影响,但无规律。除2017—2018年度的籽粒蛋白质含量与千粒重呈极显著(P0.01)负相关外,籽粒蛋白质含量与产量及其构成要素间均呈显著或极显著正相关;穗粒数、穗数及籽粒产量与麦芽α-氨基氮含量及糖化力呈极显著正相关,与麦芽浸出率及库尔巴哈值呈极显著负相关。氮肥水平太高导致扬农啤7号品质下降,兼顾高产与优质,扬农啤7号高产优质的氮、钾肥配施技术为:氮肥150 kg·hm~(-2),基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=4∶4∶2;钾肥150kg·hm~(-2),作基肥一次性施用。     

追氮时期和基追比例对强筋小麦产量和品质的调控效应

为给小麦高产优质栽培中氮肥合理运筹提供依据,以济麦20号为材料,在施氮量为240kg·hm-2下,研究追氮时期(起身、拔节、孕穗、开花)和基追比例(1∶1、3∶7和3∶17)对强筋冬小麦产量和品质的调控效应。结果表明,起身期和拔节期追氮处理间产量差异不显著,但二者显著高于孕穗期和开花期追氮处理。起身和拔节期增加追氮比例可提高产量,孕穗和开花期增加追氮比例则使产量降低。在起身和拔节期追氮时,籽粒蛋白质、醇溶蛋白和清、球蛋白含量随追氮比例增加均呈下降趋势;在孕穗和开花期追氮时,籽粒蛋白质、醇溶蛋白和清、球蛋白随追氮比例增加呈上升趋势。在各时期增加追氮比例均可提高谷蛋白、HMW-GS、LMW-GS含量和面团稳定时间。在一定的基追比条件下,拔节期追氮处理的谷蛋白、HMW-GS、LMW-GS含量和面团稳定时间均高于起身期追氮处理,追氮时期自拔节期后移至孕穗和开花期时谷蛋白、HMW-GS、LMW-GS含量和面团稳定时间均不同程度降低。本试验条件下,综合考虑产量和品质,强筋小麦济麦20号以基肥∶拔节肥比例为3∶17为最佳氮肥运筹方式。     

氮肥对耐盐啤酒大麦产量、品质及光合功能的影响

为了提高沿海地区啤酒大麦的产量和品质,研究了施氮量、氮肥运筹对耐盐啤酒大麦泰兴9425籽粒产量、品质与光合功能的影响.结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,啤酒大麦籽粒产量、干物质积累量、叶面积、SPAD值、光合速率、籽粒蛋白质含量均呈上升趋势,籽粒淀粉含量呈下降趋势;同一施氮量水平下不同氮肥运筹(基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥)间的产量、干物质积累量、叶面积均表现为B2(7∶1∶2)＞B3(5∶3∶2)＞B1(9∶1∶0),SPAD值、光合速率、蛋白质含量表现为B3＞B2＞B1,淀粉含量高低表现为B1＞B2＞B3.在本试验条件下,耐盐啤酒大麦泰兴9425每盆施纯氮3.92g(折合180 kg·hm-2),基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥施氮比例为B2(7∶1∶2),可实现高产与优质协调发展.     

氮肥运筹对膜下滴灌水稻生长和产量的影响

以T-04为材料,设置不同施氮量(0、200、270、340kg/hm2)和3种施肥策略(即m基肥∶m分蘖肥∶m促花肥∶m保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15、25∶40∶30∶5、40∶15∶35∶10),研究施氮量和施肥策略对膜下滴灌水稻干物质积累动态和产量形成的影响,以探明不同施氮量和氮肥运筹方式对水稻生长和产量形成的影响,并提出最佳的施氮量和施肥策略。结果表明,施氮显著提高膜下滴灌水稻的干物质积累量和籽粒产量,270kg/hm2施氮水平具有最高生物学产量和经济学产量,籽粒产量达到9657.7kg/hm2。施氮量显著影响水稻茎蘖数、有效穗数、成穗率、每穗粒数、实粒数和千粒重。施肥策略对膜下滴灌水稻的有效穗数和成穗率影响显著,以施肥策略S1(基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15)处理的水稻产量最高。氮肥后移有助于提高膜下滴灌水稻的有效穗数、成穗率,形成高产。对水稻膜下滴灌高产栽培模式而言,270kg/hm2的施氮水平和基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=15∶30∶40∶15的氮肥运筹模式较为合理。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.