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引入美国种质对我国玉米育种的影响 总被引:17,自引:9,他引:17
我国育种者从美国商业杂交种中分离了许多二环系,逐渐形成了PA(Reid)和PB(non-Reid)两大种质群,并利用这些二环系改良国内种质,取得了明显成效。PA种质是目前我国玉米育种利用的主要A类种质,在很大程度上稳定了我国玉米育种的杂种优势模式。而PB种质在引入抗病、耐逆基因的同时,倾向于破坏我国玉米杂种优势模式的稳定性和集中性,瓦解了我国的玉米杂种优势模式,同时也造成对热带种质的盲目利用,使得玉米育种的技术路线和杂种优势模式变得复杂化。目前直接对商业杂交种的分离选系在很大程度上造成育种思路与杂种优势模式的混乱。正确利用国外商业杂交种选育二环系和改良种质,对于制定今后玉米育种的技术路线和指导产品创新具有重要的实践意义。 相似文献
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麻类优异种质的创新与利用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作物种质资源是育种和生产重要的物质基础,种质创新是种质资源研究的核心。通过多年的系统研究,我国麻类种质资源研究已跃居世界先进水平,成为世界麻类资源大国。但是,麻类种质创新落后、育种材料遗传基础狭窄、可利用资源贫乏的矛盾还十分突出,种质资源研究与育种和生产还有较大的差距。本文报告了麻类种质创新的方法和技术,麻类优异基因源的发掘和利用,“十五”苎麻、红麻、亚麻、黄麻优异种质创新和利用的成果,对今后的麻类种质创新工作提出了一些设想和建设性建议。 相似文献
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热带玉米Tuxpeno种质形成、改良及育种潜势分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
我国玉米种质资源狭窄和杂种优势单一,严重制约着我国玉米育种和生产的发展,发掘优异种质,获得突破性育种材料是选育优良品种的基础与前提,热带、亚热带玉米种质的引入、改良和应用对促进我国玉米育种与生产发展起到重要作用。本文综述热带玉米Tuxpeno种质形成、改良以及演化进程。采用群体改良方法对玉米Tuxpeno-Reid种质进行4次轮回选择,构建温热人工合成Tuxpeno-Reid 1号(简称墨瑞1号)C0、C1、C2和C3群体,回顾玉米Tuxpeno种质在我国玉米育种与生产中的应用,为有效地利用热带玉米Tuxpeno种质提供技术支撑,并进一步拓宽与丰富我国现有种质基础。 相似文献
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玉米抗病遗传育种的研究进展 总被引:22,自引:6,他引:16
几个遗传基础有限的玉米自交系在生产上大面积推广,而进行品种更换是玉米病害有规律发生和流行的重要原因之一。尽管我国在抗源鉴定、抗病遗传以及抗病育种的理论和实践上取得了令人瞩目的成就,在生产上玉米大斑病、玉米小斑病、玉米丝黑穗病和玉米青枯病得到控制和缓解,但是取材、育种方法、种质资源以及基础理论研究等方面的问题仍然十分突出。把长期的种质资源拓宽与近期的抗病育种工作结合起来,才能有效地防止玉米病害的发生和流行。 相似文献
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国外玉米品种类群杂种优势研究的回顾 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
玉米杂种优势是育种工作最重要的概念。玉米品种间或类群间存在着不同程度的杂种优势。经过90年来国外玉米育种者的深入研究,建立了杂种优势的理论和概念,明确了南、北美洲主要玉米种质杂种优势图谱关系。本文通过对国外玉米育种家们所进行的杂种优势研究工作的回顾,旨在了解和掌握国外玉米种质类群间的杂种优势模式,对于有目的的引进和改良利用国外种质资源具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状,从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6~-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献. 相似文献