陆地棉脱水素基因GhDHN1与拟南芥AtCOR47基因的比较

利用生物信息学分析了陆地棉脱水素基因GhDHN1与拟南AtCOR47基因的区别。结果发现，GhDHN1与拟南AtCOR47基因均有2个外显子，1个内含子；不同的是，AtCOR47基因的内含子和外显子均长于GhDHN1基因的。两个基因的内含子均有较高的AT含量，AtCOR47内含中AT的含量更高，两者外显子和内含子的剪接符合GT-AG规则。GhDHN1与AtCOR47基因所编码的蛋白质均为酸性，带负电荷，属于亲水性蛋白质，均属于SKn型脱水素，其氨基酸序列的一致性为45.2%；不同的是，AtCOR47比GhDHN1多一个保守性的K片段；GhDHN1和AtCOR47基因的启动子比较发现，2个基因的启动子中含有相似的响应非生物逆境胁迫的顺式作用元件和激素响应顺式作用元件，而GhDHN1拥有AtCOR47不具有的参与保卫与胁迫响应顺式作用元件TC-rich repeats，AtCOR47拥有GhDHN1不具有的乙烯响应元件。     

陆地棉焦磷酸酶基因GhVP的启动子序列分析

为了筛选棉花耐盐转基因育种所需的诱导型候选启动子，本研究根据陆地棉焦磷酸酶基因GhVP的cDNA序列和陆地棉基因组序列，获得陆地棉焦磷酸酶基因GhVP启动子序列，并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果表明，该启动子具有多个基本元件TATA-box和CAAT-box，并含有多种逆境胁迫诱导相关的响应元件，含有丰富的光响应元件以及其他多种顺式作用元件。推测GhVP基因的转录同时受光、高温、干旱、创伤、脱落酸诱导，受生物钟控制的顺式元件调控，参与棉花的生长发育。     

陆地棉GhDHN1基因结构及内含子生物信息学分析

利用生物信息学方法分析陆地棉脱水素基因GhDHN1的DNA序列结构特性,预测其功能。序列分析表明,GhDHN1基因的基因组DNA中AT碱基含量为52.16%,而内含子具有较高的AT碱基含量（63.33%）;GhDHN1基因不含CpG岛;其内含子序列含有核心启动子元件TATA框、启动子的增强子元件CAAT框,并含有参与光响应的保守DNA模块的部分元件（Box 4）、赤霉素响应元件GARE-motif、生长素响应元件TGA元件等,说明该内含子可能参与了该基因的转录活动,可能受光、激素的诱导;GhDHN1内含子具有GT-AG 规则的保守序列,推测GhDHN1基因具有保守的内含子剪接机制。     

陆地棉GhNHX7基因特征及表达的生物信息学分析

为了挖掘棉花盐胁迫调控基因,解析GhNHX7基因在棉花基因组中的结构与功能,根据拟南芥盐胁迫调控基因AtNHX7/SOS1的蛋白序列,通过同源性搜索,在陆地棉基因组中获得了2个GhNHX7基因。同时,对GhNHX7基因结构、蛋白结构、启动子顺式作用元件及盐胁迫下的表达进行了分析。结果表明,GhNHX7a和GhNHX7b具有与AtNHX7/SOS1相似的基因序列与蛋白结构域和类似的顺式作用元件,可能参与陆地棉盐胁迫响应。     

茶树CsMYB基因启动子的克隆与功能分析

以茶树新品系“1005”嫩芽为材料,克隆得到CsMYB基因gDNA全长序列1β828βbp,通过染色体步移技术,分离得到CsMYB基因启动子片段1β038βbp,命名为proMYB。生物信息学分析表明,CsMYB gDNA由2个内含子和3个外显子组成,该启动子含有与提高基因转录水平相关的5′UTR Py-rich stretch顺式作用元件、启动子核心元件TATA-box和CAAT-box,还存在有激素响应元件、光响应元件、逆境应答元件以及大量功能未知或功能特异的顺式作用元件,说明proMYB具有诱导型启动子特性,CsMYB基因在茶树植物体中可能参与多种非生物胁迫应答和激素信号传导;通过烟草的瞬时表达结果表明,该启动子能驱动下游基因表达,具有启动子活性。     

大豆GmDof4和GmDof11基因的非生物胁迫诱导表达及启动子分析

Dof家族是典型的植物特异性锌指转录因子家族,在植物中可以对非生物胁迫产生应答.为初步研究大豆Dof家族主要转录因子编码基因GmDof4和GmDof11在大豆抗非生物胁迫过程中的作用及调控原理,本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR检测大豆幼苗中GmDof4和GmDof11基因在非生物胁迫下的表达情况,并使用PlantCARE在线数据库分析两个基因上游启动子的作用元件.结果显示:GmDof4在干旱、高盐、高温和低温胁迫下表达量升高;GmDof11在干旱、高盐和低温胁迫下表达量升高,在高温胁迫下表达量下降.启动子顺式作用元件预测结果显示,GmDof4启动子中含有1个厌氧诱导元件、1个低温响应元件和1个MYB转录因子结合位点;GmDof11启动子中含有3个厌氧诱导元件、2个低温响应元件、1个防御和胁迫响应元件和1个MYB转录因子结合位点.此外,它们的启动子序列中还含有脱落酸响应元件、茉莉酸甲酯响应元件、赤霉素响应元件以及生长素响应元件.结果说明GmDof4和GmDof11的启动子区域含有逆境相关顺式作用元件,能够参与大豆对非生物胁迫的应答.     

大豆GmNCED5基因非生物胁迫响应及生物信息学分析

为探究大豆9-顺式-环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶(NCED)基因GmNCED5对非生物胁迫的响应及原理,为植物基因工程及大豆抗逆育种提供理论基础,本研究检测GmNCED5在非生物胁迫下的表达量,并对该基因及其启动子序列进行生物信息学分析.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,干旱、高盐、高温、低温及外源脱落酸(ABA)处理均可以不同程度地诱导GmNCED5在大豆幼苗中表达.GmNCED5基因开放阅读框(ORF)全长1 686 bp,编码561个氨基酸.亚细胞定位预测结果显示,GmNCED5蛋白主要定位于细胞质中.系统进化分析表明GmNCED5蛋白与豇豆VuNCED蛋白的亲缘关系最近.启动子预测分析结果显示,GmNCED5启动子区域含有5种激素响应相关顺式作用元件和3种胁迫响应相关顺式作用元件.由此推测GmNCED5可能通过启动子区域的顺式作用元件响应非生物胁迫.     

小麦TaDHN2基因及其启动子的克隆与功能研究

为给深入研究Ta DHN2基因在小麦抗旱机制中的作用机理奠定基础,并为进一步丰富小麦DHN基因研究内容提供参考,本研究通过筛选石麦15基因组BAC文库和BAC克隆测序方法克隆了Ta DHN2基因及其启动子,并对Ta DHN2基因序列特征、表达模式和启动子功能等进行了分析和探讨。结果表明,Ta DHN2基因含有1个88 bp的内含子,开放读码框长为696 bp,编码1个含有231个氨基酸的脱水素蛋白。Ta DHN2蛋白具有Y-segment、S-segment和K-segment结构域,属于YSK2类型脱水素蛋白。此外,该蛋白含有明显的核定位信号序列S-segment和基序RRKK。Ta DHN2基因受渗透胁迫诱导表达,在根和叶中表达模式类似,叶中表达量显著高于根中。Ta DHN2基因启动子序列长为2 025 bp,预测含有9个脱水响应顺式元件。在转基因拟南芥中,Ta DHN2基因启动子能够启动GUS基因表达,并在渗透胁迫下诱导GUS基因上调表达。以上结果说明,Ta DHN2基因为脱水响应基因,其启动子为渗透胁迫强诱导启动子。     

棉花GbGAI2启动子克隆及表达分析

通过染色体步移方法获得棉花GbGAI2基因的上游2378bp启动子序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析。将启动子序列与GUS基因连接,转化拟南芥,并对转化植株进行组织化学分析。结果表明,启动子区域内含有丰富的与光信号途径、激素信号途径(GA/IAA)、逆境胁迫相关等的顺式作用元件。在外施GA条件下,启动子活性增强。通过对启动子表达模式的分析表明,棉花GbGAI2基因在GA信号途径中起很大作用。     

玉米ZmNAS1和ZmNAS2基因启动子的克隆与序列分析

根据已知玉米全基因组序列设计引物,采用PCR方法从基因组DNA中克隆两种玉米材料的Zm-NAS1和ZmNAS2基因启动子,利用生物信息学软件对启动子元件进行分析预测并比较在两种材料间差异。结果表明,ZmNAS1基因启动子在两种材料上差异明显,沈137较K12除一段574bp缺失外,他们之间还有24处单核苷酸多态性位点;两种材料间的ZmNAS2基因启动子无差异。ZmNAS1和ZmNAS2基因启动子均具有一些与光调控、激素诱导、响应逆境胁迫等有关的顺式作用元件,但数目存在一定差异;两个基因启动子上都有一定数目缺铁诱导元件的核心序列。根据启动子元件分析,初步判断ZmNAS1和ZmNAS2基因除受缺铁诱导表达外,还可能受到其他多种信号的共同调控,是一个复杂的调控过程。此外,ZmNAS1基因启动子在两种材料间差异明显,推测该基因在两种材料间受到的表达调控水平也不相同。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.