8个大豆Dof转录因子的生物信息学分析及干旱诱导表达

为探究大豆Dof转录因子的功能,本研究对大豆中8个Dof转录因子的基因序列进行生物信息学分析,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测编码基因在干旱胁迫下的表达,并分析主要应答基因的启动子序列中的顺式作用元件。研究结果显示:8个Dof转录因子编码基因分别位于大豆5、8、11、13、15和16号染色体上,编码蛋白序列的氨基酸残基为213～403个,等电点为6.61～9.36,主要定位于细胞核中。GmDof2与番茄SlDof5.4具有较近的亲缘关系,GmDof1、GmDof8、GmDof3和GmDof5之间具有较近的亲缘关系,GmDof7与黄瓜CsDof1.4具有较近的亲缘关系,而GmDof4和GmDof6具有较近的亲缘关系。GmDof1和GmDof3的表达量在干旱胁迫下上升幅度最明显,启动子序列中均含有多种逆境相关的顺式作用元件。研究结果证明大豆Dof转录因子具有在植物抗旱基因工程中的应用前景。     

大豆GmDof2.2 提高转基因烟草对盐胁迫的敏感性

Dof转录因子参与植物对非生物胁迫应答。本研究对大豆GmDof2.2进行克隆及耐盐性功能鉴定。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示GmDof2.2在大豆幼苗中可以响应非生物胁迫,GmDof2.2基因开放阅读框全长867 bp,编码288个氨基酸的蛋白,其分子量31.4 kDa,等电点10.23,蛋白质序列中含有一个保守的Dof结构域。GmDof2.2启动子区含有3种胁迫响应相关的顺式作用元件（ARE、MBS和WUN-motif）和3种激素响应相关顺式作用元件（ABRE、P-box和TCA-element）。将GmDof2.2构建植物表达载体并转化烟草,共获得4株GmDof2.2异源表达的转基因烟草株系（OE1-OE4）,OE1中GmDof2.2的表达量最高,其次为OE2。盐胁迫处理后,转基因烟草萎蔫程度高于野生型烟草,转基因烟草叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量均显著低于野生型烟草,而丙二醛含量则高于野生型烟草。表明GmDof2.2的异源表达提高了转基因烟草株系对盐胁迫的敏感性。本研究为大豆Dof转录因子抗逆机制研究及应用提供理论依据。     

大豆GmNCED5基因非生物胁迫响应及生物信息学分析

为探究大豆9-顺式-环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶(NCED)基因GmNCED5对非生物胁迫的响应及原理,为植物基因工程及大豆抗逆育种提供理论基础,本研究检测GmNCED5在非生物胁迫下的表达量,并对该基因及其启动子序列进行生物信息学分析.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,干旱、高盐、高温、低温及外源脱落酸(ABA)处理均可以不同程度地诱导GmNCED5在大豆幼苗中表达.GmNCED5基因开放阅读框(ORF)全长1 686 bp,编码561个氨基酸.亚细胞定位预测结果显示,GmNCED5蛋白主要定位于细胞质中.系统进化分析表明GmNCED5蛋白与豇豆VuNCED蛋白的亲缘关系最近.启动子预测分析结果显示,GmNCED5启动子区域含有5种激素响应相关顺式作用元件和3种胁迫响应相关顺式作用元件.由此推测GmNCED5可能通过启动子区域的顺式作用元件响应非生物胁迫.     

大豆GAPDH家族基因生物信息学及其逆境组织表达分析

为探究大豆GAPDH家族基因应答非生物胁迫的机制,本研究采用同源分析、保守结构分析等方法对大豆GAPDH基因家族进行全基因组搜索,并对筛选出基因的系统发育关系、基因结构和保守基序、染色体分布、启动子区域的顺式作用元件进行分析,并研究了大豆GAPDH家族基因在不同组织中和非生物胁迫诱导后的表达模式.结果 显示:在全基因组水平共搜索出19个大豆GAPDH家族成员,不均匀地分布在10条染色体上;亚细胞定位预测表明16个大豆GAPDH家族成员分布在叶绿体、细胞质和线粒体中;系统发育进化树将其分为4个亚家族Sub Ⅰ、SubⅡ、SubⅢ、SubⅣ,且各个亚家族内基因的结构及保守基序具有高度保守性;基因启动子区域存在不同的与非生物胁迫响应和激素反应相关的顺式作用元件,推测其可能参与大豆非生物胁迫应答过程;大部分GAPDH基因在大豆不同组织中都有表达,并表现出明显的组织特异性;转录组分析发现分别有5和9个大豆GAPDH家族基因在干旱胁迫、盐胁迫下显著上调或者下调,其中GmGAPDH8和GmGAPDH9在干旱胁迫和盐胁迫下均显著上调表达.本研究对大豆GAPDH家族基因进行了系统分析,为进一步研究大豆的GAPDH家族基因在非生物胁迫应答过程中的调控作用提供理论基础.     

大豆GmPM31基因生物信息学、组织表达及高温高湿响应分析

sHSPs家族基因GmPM31具有典型的ACD结构域,为了预测和研究GmPM31的功能,本研究以田间劣变抗性春大豆湘豆3号为材料,分离GmPM31及其启动子序列,对该基因的结构及启动子上的顺式作用元件进行生物信息学分析,采用qRT-PCR方法对GmPM31的组织表达模式及高温高湿处理下的表达量变化进行分析.结果 表明:GmPM31基因的ORF全长为459 bp,编码153个氨基酸,包含1个ACD保守域结构.蛋白质系统进化树分析结果显示,GmPM31与CI(Class Ⅰ)亚家族的sHSPs同源性较高,表明GmPM31属于Class Ⅰ sHSPs家族成员.GmPM31基因启动子中有多个逆境胁迫响应元件,包括激素应答相关元件ABRE、ERE和AAGAA-motif等,干旱和冷胁迫相关的MYB和MYC转录因子作用元件,高盐胁迫相关元件Box Ⅲ,厌氧胁迫相关元件ARE等.qRT-PCR结果显示,GmPM31在成熟种子中大量表达,其次在幼荚和叶片中表达,在根、茎和花中表达量极低.种子发育过程中,GmPM31表达量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在开花后第45天表达量达到最大.高温高湿胁迫处理96和168 h时种子中GmPM31的表达量显著高于对照组,说明高温高湿胁迫诱导种子中GmPM31上调表达.研究结果表明GmPM31参与了春大豆种子的发育以及高温高湿胁迫响应过程.     

DREB转录因子在植物抗逆胁迫中的作用机理及应用研究进展

干旱、高盐和低温等非生物胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育和作物产量。转录因子在调节植物生长发育以及对外界环境胁迫的响应方面起着重要作用。DREB转录因子含有一个保守的AP2/EREBP结构域,参与外界环境胁迫的应答响应,通过结合DRE(Dehydration responsive element)顺式作用元件,调控下游胁迫相关基因的转录表达,改良植物的抗性。本文在前人研究的基础上,综述了DREB转录因子的结构特征、介导的信号传递途径、对非生物胁迫的响应以及转基因的研究进展,旨在为作物的抗逆育种提供理论依据。     

大豆GmGolS基因高温胁迫应答及启动子活性分析

肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶(GolS)是棉子糖系列寡糖(RFOs)生物合成途径中的关键酶。为探究大豆GmGolS基因的高温胁迫调控机制，通过实时荧光定量PCR检测GmGolS在高温胁迫下的表达量，通过PCR从大豆基因组DNA中扩增GmGolS基因启动子序列，将其连接到植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301上并转化烟草，通过GUS组织化学染色和实时荧光定量PCR检测GmGolS启动子的高温诱导启动活性。结果表明：高温胁迫可以强烈诱导GmGolS的表达。1 739 bp的GmGolS启动子序列中含1个生长素响应元件、1个干旱诱导的MYB转录因子结合位点、2个厌氧诱导元件、1个防御和胁迫响应元件、1个脱落酸响应元件、1个茉莉酸响应元件和1个缺氧诱导元件。成功获得3棵GmGolSP转基因烟草植株。GmGolS启动子的活性可以被高温胁迫诱导。     

大豆涝渍响应NAC基因的鉴定及GmNAC038的克隆和激素应答分析

NAC是植物特有的转录因子,参与多种非生物胁迫的响应.为了研究NAC转录因子在大豆涝渍胁迫中的响应和调控作用,利用前期获得的耐涝品种齐黄34在涝渍胁迫下的转录组数据,通过分析大豆全基因组内180个NAC基因的表达情况,鉴定出45个持续响应涝渍胁迫的大豆NAC基因.利用PlantCARE在线软件分析发现这些基因的启动子中均至少含有1种逆境或激素应答元件,推测它们可能与大豆的非生物胁迫应答相关.同时,对涝渍胁迫响应程度最大的大豆NAC基因GmNAC038进行克隆和分析.利用在线分析软件CDD分析发现该基因编码的蛋白质含有保守的NAM结构域.qRT-PCR表明GmNAC038不仅受到涝渍胁迫的强烈诱导,还受到脱落酸、乙烯和茉莉酸甲酯的正向调控.研究结果可为今后探索NAC基因在大豆涝渍胁迫响应中的功能提供分子基础,为培育耐涝大豆品种提供基因资源.     

大豆OPR基因家族全基因组鉴定与表达分析

为了揭示大豆12-氧-植物二烯酸还原酶(12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase, OPR)家族成员GmOPRs在大豆生长发育中和非生物胁迫下发挥的作用,本研究运用生物信息学方法进行大豆OPR基因家族全基因组鉴定及表达分析。结果显示：大豆基因组中共有12个OPR家族基因成员,分布在8条不同染色体上。系统发育进化分析、基因结构分析和保守基序分析结果显示,GmOPRs可分为两个亚组,含有外显子4～5个,内含子3～5个,GmOPR蛋白之间保守基序分布相似。共线性分析鉴定表明共有4对基因存在共线关系,均为片段复制。GmOPRs启动子区域含有响应厌氧、干旱和低温等非生物胁迫以及JA、ABA等多种激素的顺式作用元件。不同的大豆品种及不同的组织中,GmOPRs的表达模式有差异。GmOPR1、GmOPR4和GmOPR9受干旱胁迫影响后表达量下降,GmOPR7、GmOPR8、GmOPR11和GmOPR12随着盐胁迫影响时间的增长表达量增加,表明GmOPRs基因通过多种表达模式响应干旱和盐胁迫。GmOPRs在系统发育进化和基因结构上比较保守,基因家族数量的扩增主要归因于片段重复...     

陆地棉脱水素基因GhDHN1启动子序列分析

为了筛选棉花抗逆转基因育种的候选启动子，根据陆地棉脱水素基因GhDHN1的cDNA序列和陆地棉基因组序列，利用生物信息学分析方法，获得棉花陆地棉脱水素基因GhDHN1启动子序列。结果表明，该启动子上多个位点含有启动子的基本元件TATA-box和CAAT-box，并含有非生物逆境胁迫响应元件、响应植物激素顺式作用元件、多种光调控相关的顺式作用元件以及胚乳表达顺式调控元件等。推测GhDHN1基因的启动子受光诱导，同时受低温和干旱胁迫等非生物逆境的诱导，参与棉花的生长发育。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.