用微卫星引物对近交系小鼠进行遗传监测

目的 :近交系小鼠广泛地应用于医学和生物学研究领域 ,无品系污染是其基本要求 ,采用 1 0对微卫星引物对 BALB/ C-nu-nu、DBA/ 2、SCID、T73 9、TA2 、6 1 5六种近交系小鼠进行遗传监测 ,试图寻找相关品系遗传监测的基因位点和应用于实际监测。方法 :在确定实验材料符合要求的情况下 ,采用聚合酶链式反应扩增短串联重复序列 ,选择多态性位点作为相关品系的遗传监测标记。结果 :除 1个位点表现为单态性外 ,其余9个微卫星位点表现出多态性 ,其中 D2 Nds3、D3Mit1 5、D3Mit1 7、D3Mit1 8等 4个位点多态性显著 ,这 4个位点适宜用于小鼠遗传监测。上述结果说明微卫星 DNA多态性标记适用于近交系小鼠遗传监测 ,有助于遗传监测从表现型过渡到 DNA水平。     

近交系小鼠5个品系10个微卫星基因位点多态性分析

利用PCR扩增对近交系小鼠5个品系的10个微卫星基因位点进行多态性分析.结果表明,在DDK与B6品系之间有多态性的引物2个,实验室品系和野生小鼠品系之间的差异较大.利用这10个微卫星基因位点可以将5个小鼠品系区分开采,尤其是D14Mit6在5种小鼠品系中表现出更明显特异性.     

河南地方野生小鼠与近交系小鼠的RAPD分析

选用120个随机引物,对河南地方野生小鼠及其他4个近交系小鼠品系进行RAPD分析,筛选出36个多态性引物,检测到380条扩增片段,其中多态性片段304条,且野生小鼠具有若干特异条带,反映出野生小鼠与4个近交系小鼠品系间存在遗传差异。多态性分析表明,野生小鼠与PWK之间的遗传距离指数为0.009 24,遗传关系最近;与DDK遗传距离指数为0.011 30,遗传关系最远。试验结果表明,河南地方野生小鼠与4个近交系小鼠品系之间有遗传相似性,也存在差异,同时也证明RAPD技术可以很好地用于检测小鼠品系间的遗传变异及区分不同的小鼠品系。     

微卫星标记在近交系及封闭群小鼠遗传质量检测中的初步应用

利用建立的小鼠微卫星检测方法,对来源于2个单位的近交系BALB/c小鼠和封闭群ICR小鼠进行了遗传分析,结果发现A单位BALB/c小鼠发生了遗传污染,有部分小鼠在部分微卫星位点发生了变异,而B单位BALB/c小鼠在所有的检测位点上的结果都与预期的BALB/c小鼠位点一致;对ICR 小鼠分析结果发现A单位ICR小鼠在22个位点的平均杂合度为0.379,平均多态信息量为0.308,属中度多态,B单位ICR小鼠的平均杂合度为0.287,平均多态信息量为0.227,属低度多态.结果表明微卫星标记可用于检测近交系小鼠的遗传质量,也可用于分析封闭群小鼠的遗传多态性,为一种有潜力的实验动物遗传学检测标记.     

猪POU1F1基因多态性与五指山猪生长性能的相关研究

采用PCR-SSCP、PCR-RFLP技术对6个猪群共计276头猪的POU1F1基因的4个位点的多态性进行多态性分析,在针对Intron1设计的2对引物扩增的片段中分别发现1处突变位点,各存在2个等位基因(A和B、C和D);在引物P2位点,海南4个品系的猪种(五指山猪、五指山猪近交系、临高猪、屯昌猪)均没有发现多态性,而在滇南小耳猪、香猪2个猪种中BB基因型频率较AA基因型频率占优势,群体遗传多态性检测处于中度多态;在引物P3位点,在6个猪群体中,DD基因型频率较CD基因型频率占优势,群体遗传多态性检测均处于中度多态。SPSS软件分析五指山猪POUIF1基因P3位点的多态性与3个生长阶段及其日增重的关联程度,结果表明P3位点不同基因型对五指山猪3个阶段的生长及日增重间均无显著差异。     

河南地方野生小鼠遗传多样性分析

利用56个微卫星标记对河南省地方野生小鼠与4个实验室小鼠品系进行了遗传多样性分析。结果共检测出230个等位基因,平均每个位点等位基因数为4.107个,其中D4Mit9位点最多,为8个,D8Mit154、D7Mit8、D6Mit77、D17Mit244、D18Mit119位点最少,均为2个;野生小鼠基因位点平均纯合率为68.98%,除KM小鼠以外,其余实验室小鼠品系所有检测位点均为纯合;野生小鼠与PWK小鼠的平均多态性为0.657 0,与BALB/c小鼠的平均多态性为0.855 8,与B6小鼠的平均多态性为0.919 7,与KM小鼠的平均多态性为0.837 6;聚类分析结果显示,野生小鼠与PWK小鼠遗传距离最近。野生小鼠与实验室常用品系小鼠相比多态性较好,具有较高的遗传多样性和育种价值,对丰富实验小鼠基因库有着重要意义。     

DDK品系小鼠遗传特异性的RAPD分析

应用随机扩增多态DNA技术(RAPD)对DDK,C57BL/6,BALB/c,KM,PWK 5个品系的小鼠进行了遗传分析.选用130个随机引物对其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增.根据电泳结果,其中31个引物扩增出明显的多态性条带,共检测到345条扩增片段,其中多态性片段277条,占80.3%,反映了5个品系间的遗传变异.多态性统计分析表明,C57BL/6与BALB/c之间的遗传距离指教为0.013 29,遗传关系最近;DDK与KM,C57BL/6遗传距离指数相似分别为0.014 73,0.0147 6,遗传关系较近,与PWK遗传距离指数为0.016 86,遗传关系最远.结果显示DDK品系小鼠与其他实验室品系之间有遗传的相似性,也存在差异.同时也证明了RAPD技术可以作为分子标记,很好地检测实验室近交系小鼠间的亲缘关系及其遗传特异性.     

SPF莱航鸡种群的微卫星多态性分析

【研究目的】利用5个微卫星位点对两个SPF莱航鸡封闭群进行了遗传检测,探讨群体内的遗传多态性,以期为实验用鸡遗传质量监测提供理论依据。【方法】PCR扩增后用ABI-3100Avant全自动基因分析仪进行电泳检测,用Genemapper3.1软件进行片段大小分析,收集电泳结果并进行基因分型。【结果】5个微卫星标记在A、B两个鸡群中共检测到20个等位基因,平均为4个;两个鸡群的平均杂合度为0.6211,平均多态信息含量为0.6663,表明所选标记在SPF莱航鸡群中有较高的多态性;adl176位点的180峰仅出现在A群中,188、191两峰在两个群体中的频率相差极大,可作为品系鉴定的理想引物。【结论】大部分微卫星具有多态性,若进行大范围筛查,必能找到一些特异位点为遗传监测所用。     

猪骨调素OPN基因多态性的研究

根据GenBank公布的猪OPN基因,设计3对引物,采用微卫星标记技术和PCR-SSCP技术检测猪OPN基因的多态性.结果显示,引物P1位点上检测到5个等位基因和4种基因型,引物P2和P3上分别存在2个等位基因和2个基因型.遗传多态性分析结果表明,P1位点上,小梅山猪的纯合度最高,为0.518,大白猪纯合度最低,为0.290.P2和P3位点上两个品种纯合度差异不大;大白猪的群体平均杂合度大于小梅山猪,其杂合度分别为0.481、0.388.     

基于转录组信息的坛紫菜EST-SSR标记的开发及新品系SW-81的种质鉴定

基于坛紫菜（Pyropia haitanensis）转录组序列信息进行EST-SSR标记的开发,并利用多态性SSR标记构建DNA指纹图谱用于坛紫菜新品系SW-81的种质鉴定。结果显示：转录组数据中共检测出9 033个微卫星位点,其中三核苷酸重复类型为绝对优势基元,占比高达95%;经Primer 5.0软件对微卫星位点进行引物设计,并从中随机合成187对微卫星引物进行有效性分析,最终获得92对有效引物,其中42对为多态性EST-SSR标记,多态扩增率约为22.46%;利用开发的多态性EST-SSR标记构建了适用于5个坛紫菜品系的DNA指纹图谱,为新品系SW-81的种质鉴定提供有效的分子检测手段。上述结果表明：坛紫菜基因组中有着丰富的微卫星位点,且同一位点的基因序列在不同品系间存在变异,表现为扩增产物的多态性。基于EST-SSR标记的多态性分析可为坛紫菜种质资源的管理与鉴定提供有效的分子检测手段。     

Polymorphism of heavy-chain genes in immunoglobulins of wild mice

The serums of 123 wild mice from six different geographic locations in the United States contain five of the six known heavy-chain antigenic determinants that have been identified in immunoglobulin of inbred laboratory strains of mice. On the basis of the distribution of determinants in inbred strains,44 of the mice were judged to be heterozygotes of various combinations and two had combinations of determinants that were unusual and could only have occurred in laboratory inbred mice by recombination.     

Hyperprolinemia and prolinuria in a new inbred strain of mice, PRO-Re

A hyperprolinemia was discovered, in a new inbred strain of mice, which was equivalent to about a sevenfold elevation above the concentration of proline in the blood of either of the original parental lines, or of 12 other inbred strains with diverse genetic constitution. In addition, mice of this PRO/Re strain exhibited a marked prolinuria, whereas the other 14 inbred strains had no proline detectable in their urine.     

Inherited electrophoretic hemoglobin patterns among 20 inbred strains of mice

The hemoglobin from mice of six inbred strains is of the single-spot electrophoretic type, and that from 14 inbred strains is of the diffuse type. No selective advantage is apparent for either type. The distribution among strains shows some relation to the history of the development of the strains.     

Heritability of plasma cholinesterase activity in inbred mouse strains

The activity of cholinesterase was measured in the plasma of 543 mice of both sexes from 23 inbred mouse strains. Differences between strains were highly significant. The heritability of this characteristic was 0.70 in females and 0.67 in males.     

Genetic control of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of the mouse

Pineal melatonin may play an important role in regulation of vertebrate circadian rhythms and in human affective disorders. In some mammals, such as hamsters and sheep, melatonin is involved in photoperiodic time measurement and in control of reproduction. Although wild mice (Mus domesticus) and some wild-derived inbred strains of mice have melatonin in their pineal glands, several inbred strains of laboratory mice (for example, C57BL/6J) were found not to have detectable melatonin in their pineal glands. Genetic analysis suggests that melatonin deficiency in C57BL/6J mice results from mutations in two independently segregating, autosomal recessive genes. Synthesis of melatonin from serotonin in the pineal gland requires the enzymes N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Pineal glands from C57BL/6J mice have neither NAT nor HIOMT activity. These results suggest that the two genes involved in melatonin deficiency are responsible for the absence of normal NAT and HIOMT enzyme activity.     

Immune responses of inbred mice to repeated low doses of antigen: relationship to histocompatibility (H-2) type

Immunization of inbred strains of mice with repeated minute doses (0.1 to 1.0 microgram) of hapten-protein conjugates demonstrated wide differences in the magnitude of their antibody responses, which were related to the histocompatibility (H-2) type of the strains. Immunization with a single high dose (100 micrograms) of antigen failed to demonstrate these differences.     

Genetic control of the antibody response: relationship between immune response and histocompatibility (H-2) type

The immune responses of inbred mice to a related series of three synthetic polypeptide antigens are genetically controlled traits which are closely correlated with the genotype for the major histocompatibility (H-2) locus. All strains of the same H-2 type exhibit the same pattern of immune response, independent of the remainder of a given strain's genetic background. There is marked antigen-specific polymorphism between strains of different H-2 types with respect to their patterns of response.     

Correlation between mean litter size and mean life span among 12 inbred strains of mice

In 12 inbred strains of mice there was no general correlation between litter size and parental life span within strains, although a significant between-strain correlation of +0.69 was found between mean life span of the dams and the mean size of their litters. When data for AKR/J mice, which characteristically die early from leukemia, were excluded, the correlation was increased to +0.90 for the remaining 11 strains. These findings indicate that the correlation is of genetic origin-that is, that genes affecting a dam's life span also affect the size of her litters.     

ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF HEMOGLOBIN FROM FETAL MICE OF DIFFERENT INBRED STRAINS

Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobins from fetal mice of seven inbred strains (two with single, five with diffuse adult hemoglobins), were compared with each other and with electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobins from adults of the same strains. The blood from 15-day-old fetuses of all strains contained four electrophoretically separable heme components. However, there seems to be a difference between strains with single and diffuse adult hemoglobin in the time of emergence of a clear adult pattern.