河南地方野生小鼠与近交系小鼠的RAPD分析

选用120个随机引物,对河南地方野生小鼠及其他4个近交系小鼠品系进行RAPD分析,筛选出36个多态性引物,检测到380条扩增片段,其中多态性片段304条,且野生小鼠具有若干特异条带,反映出野生小鼠与4个近交系小鼠品系间存在遗传差异。多态性分析表明,野生小鼠与PWK之间的遗传距离指数为0.009 24,遗传关系最近;与DDK遗传距离指数为0.011 30,遗传关系最远。试验结果表明,河南地方野生小鼠与4个近交系小鼠品系之间有遗传相似性,也存在差异,同时也证明RAPD技术可以很好地用于检测小鼠品系间的遗传变异及区分不同的小鼠品系。     

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: regulation by a strain-specific factor in mouse milk

Two inbred strains of mice show a threefold difference in duodenal phosphatase activity at 11 days of age. When half-litters of the two strains are interchanged between the two mothers on the day of birth, enzyme activity in young of the low-activity strain is unaffected at 11 days by the source of milk, but is significantly reduced in high-activity young nursed by a low-activity mother.     

A large deletion within the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene complex in New Zealand white mice

The T-cell receptor beta-chain gene complex contains a duplication of D beta, J beta, and C beta gene segments in mice and man. When DNA from many inbred strains of mice was screened an unusual allele of the beta locus was identified in New Zealand White (NZW) mice. This allele is distinguished by the deletion of an 8.8-kilobase segment of DNA containing C beta 1, D beta 2 and the J beta 2 cluster. Despite the fact that all NZW T-cell receptors must be derived from a single set of beta-chain gene segments, this strain has functional T cells and is phenotypically normal. This deletion of T-cell receptor beta-chain segments occurs in a strain known to contribute to lupus-like autoimmune disease.     

Autoimmune murine thyroiditis relation to histocompatibility (H-2) type

Immunization of 33 inbred strains of mice with thyroid extract emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant showed differences in both thyroid autoantibody response and autoimmune thyroid damage, related to the histocompatibility (H-2) type of the strain. Congenic mice of the same H-2 type exhibited the same pattern of antibody response and thyroiditis, regardless of the strain's genetic background, thus showing a close relation between histocompatibility determinants and autoimmunity.     

近交系小鼠微卫星位点遗传检测方法的建立

笔者设计了 3 4对特异性引物 ,以 PCR方法对部分近交系小鼠基因组微卫星多态性进行了检测和分析 ,在所有 3 4条引物扩增带中 ,有 2 5个微卫星位点的长度在不同品系小鼠中存在差异 ,不同品系小鼠之间微卫星长度多态性差异在3 8.3 %～ 5 8.8%之间。微卫星多态性分析是一种快速、经济的遗传监测近交系动物的方法 ,微卫星位点提供了检测近交系小鼠遗传特性的又一种新的方法     

猪源马链球菌兽疫亚种灭活疫苗对小鼠的免疫效力评价

 【目的】评价中国不同地区猪源马链球菌兽疫亚种分离株抗原性的差异,为猪链球菌病疫苗的研制提供指导。【方法】取从国内10省市分离的10株猪源马链球菌兽疫亚种分离株,分别制备灭活疫苗,免疫12周龄ICR小鼠,用同源菌株和ATCC35246株攻击。【结果】以同源菌株攻击免疫小鼠,除CG-74-63株外,其余菌株的保护率均在90％以上;而以异源菌株ATCC35246进行攻击,免疫小鼠的免疫保护率为80%～100%。【结论】中国不同地区的猪源马链球菌兽疫亚种分离株的抗原性差异不大,单一菌株制备的疫苗具有保护性。     

Polymorphism of heavy-chain genes in immunoglobulins of wild mice

The serums of 123 wild mice from six different geographic locations in the United States contain five of the six known heavy-chain antigenic determinants that have been identified in immunoglobulin of inbred laboratory strains of mice. On the basis of the distribution of determinants in inbred strains,44 of the mice were judged to be heterozygotes of various combinations and two had combinations of determinants that were unusual and could only have occurred in laboratory inbred mice by recombination.     

用微卫星引物对近交系小鼠进行遗传监测

目的 :近交系小鼠广泛地应用于医学和生物学研究领域 ,无品系污染是其基本要求 ,采用 1 0对微卫星引物对 BALB/ C-nu-nu、DBA/ 2、SCID、T73 9、TA2 、6 1 5六种近交系小鼠进行遗传监测 ,试图寻找相关品系遗传监测的基因位点和应用于实际监测。方法 :在确定实验材料符合要求的情况下 ,采用聚合酶链式反应扩增短串联重复序列 ,选择多态性位点作为相关品系的遗传监测标记。结果 :除 1个位点表现为单态性外 ,其余9个微卫星位点表现出多态性 ,其中 D2 Nds3、D3Mit1 5、D3Mit1 7、D3Mit1 8等 4个位点多态性显著 ,这 4个位点适宜用于小鼠遗传监测。上述结果说明微卫星 DNA多态性标记适用于近交系小鼠遗传监测 ,有助于遗传监测从表现型过渡到 DNA水平。     

DNA指纹技术在近交系小鼠遗传检测中的应用研究

采用生物素标记的(GGAT)4寡核苷酸探针对C57BL/6J、BALB/c和DBA/2三种近交系小鼠进行了DNA指纹图分析.结果表明:(GGAT)4寡核苷酸探针对上述3种近交系小鼠产生的DNA指纹图的图带数均为10-12条,具有良好的多态性,品系内平均DNA指纹图的相似系数在0.92~1.00的范围内,具有相同指纹图的概率均在0.40以上,极显著地高于品系间的相似系数(0.21~0.39)和相同指纹图的概率(P<3.10×10-7),说明(GGAT)4寡核苷酸探针可用于制作近交系小鼠的DNA指纹图,以对其进行遗传检测.     

Inherited electrophoretic hemoglobin patterns among 20 inbred strains of mice

The hemoglobin from mice of six inbred strains is of the single-spot electrophoretic type, and that from 14 inbred strains is of the diffuse type. No selective advantage is apparent for either type. The distribution among strains shows some relation to the history of the development of the strains.     

ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF HEMOGLOBIN FROM FETAL MICE OF DIFFERENT INBRED STRAINS

Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobins from fetal mice of seven inbred strains (two with single, five with diffuse adult hemoglobins), were compared with each other and with electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobins from adults of the same strains. The blood from 15-day-old fetuses of all strains contained four electrophoretically separable heme components. However, there seems to be a difference between strains with single and diffuse adult hemoglobin in the time of emergence of a clear adult pattern.     

Heritability of plasma cholinesterase activity in inbred mouse strains

The activity of cholinesterase was measured in the plasma of 543 mice of both sexes from 23 inbred mouse strains. Differences between strains were highly significant. The heritability of this characteristic was 0.70 in females and 0.67 in males.     

Molecular Comparisons of Marek＇s disease virus strains of different pathotypes for their gⅠ, gE, pp38 and meq genes

Five to ten serotype I Marek‘ s disease virus (MDV1) strains of different pathotypes were compared for their DNA sequences of gⅠ, gE, pp38 and meq genes. The reference strains were vMDV GA and JM, vvMDV RB1B and Mdll(pl6), vv MDV strains 648A and 584A, vaccine strain CVI988/Rispens; Chinese strains were: v MDV strain N, vvMDV strain G2, vaccine strain 814. Only random aa changes were found in 12 positions within gE of 497 aa among 10 analyzed strains and in 10 positions within gⅠ of 355 aa among 5 strains. There was no relationship found between virus pathotypes and aa changes of both glycoproteins. The aa changes happened in 14 positions within meq of 339 aa among 5 compared strains. But a proline deletion at aa # 194 in a proline- rich domain of meq were shared by two vaccine strains CVI988/Rispens and 814, the latter was a non - pathogenic vaccine strain of serotype 1 isolated in 1983 in China. In another hand, vv MDV strains 648A demonstrated 5 unique aa changes and 4 of them also located in the proline - rich region. The pp38 was very conservative among sequenced 10 strains, there were only two positions at # 107 and # 109 with an altered in its 290 aa. All tested MDV1 strains had glufamine at # 107, instead, only vaccine CVI988 had arginine at the position and lost its epitope reactive with Mab H19, to which all ether tested MDV1 strains were positive. However, CVI988 and vMDV GA shared a Mab T65 - recognized epitope when there was glyeine at aa # 109. It was glutamie acid at aa # 109 in all other MDV1 strains which were not reactive with Mab T65. It seems like that there is some relationship between pathotypes and sequences of pp38 and meq, but more strains need to be compared.     

Ⅰ型马立克氏病强弱毒株Meq基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]为获得MDV-1强弱毒株Meq基因序列的差异。[方法]根据GENE BANK登录的马立克氏病毒Meq基因序列,设计一对引物,采用PcR技术对MDV—Ⅰ型国内商用CVI988／Rispens疫苗株和参考强毒京-1（BJ-1）株的Meq基因进行了扩增,并将扩增产物提纯后克隆到pcDNA3．1（＋）上,进行酶切鉴定及测序验证。[结果]CVI988疫苗株和BJ-1强毒株的Meq基因开放阅读框（ORF）长度分别为1200和1197bp。通过与国际标准强毒GA株Meq基因进行比较,BJ-1株和CVI988株Meq基因中分别有一段180和177bp的插入序列,第211住核苷酸由G变为T,导致第71位氨基酸由丙氨酸A变为丝氨酸S;同时,CVI988株Meq基因第228位核苷酸由A变为G,导致第77位氨基酸由赖氨酸K变为谷氨酸E。此外,与BJ-1株相比,CVI988株Meq基因在576～578bp之间缺失3个碱基（ACC）,并导致第193位脯氨酸P的缺失,该突变发生在一个多脯氨酸重复区域内。[结论]MDV-1强弱毒株Meq基因序列存在明显差异,为从其分子水平进行区分及生物学功能的研究奠定了基础。     

Correlation between mean litter size and mean life span among 12 inbred strains of mice

In 12 inbred strains of mice there was no general correlation between litter size and parental life span within strains, although a significant between-strain correlation of +0.69 was found between mean life span of the dams and the mean size of their litters. When data for AKR/J mice, which characteristically die early from leukemia, were excluded, the correlation was increased to +0.90 for the remaining 11 strains. These findings indicate that the correlation is of genetic origin-that is, that genes affecting a dam's life span also affect the size of her litters.     

Genetic control of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of the mouse

Pineal melatonin may play an important role in regulation of vertebrate circadian rhythms and in human affective disorders. In some mammals, such as hamsters and sheep, melatonin is involved in photoperiodic time measurement and in control of reproduction. Although wild mice (Mus domesticus) and some wild-derived inbred strains of mice have melatonin in their pineal glands, several inbred strains of laboratory mice (for example, C57BL/6J) were found not to have detectable melatonin in their pineal glands. Genetic analysis suggests that melatonin deficiency in C57BL/6J mice results from mutations in two independently segregating, autosomal recessive genes. Synthesis of melatonin from serotonin in the pineal gland requires the enzymes N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Pineal glands from C57BL/6J mice have neither NAT nor HIOMT activity. These results suggest that the two genes involved in melatonin deficiency are responsible for the absence of normal NAT and HIOMT enzyme activity.     

Studying the physiological and yield responses of sunflower inbred lines to full and limited irrigation

In order to study the physiological and yield responses of sunflower inbred lines to full and limited irrigation, an experiment was conducted in the growing season of 2014–2015 in the research field of the Agricultural Research Station in Khoi, Iran. Water withholding was imposed in the flowering stages from R4 (initial flowering) to R6 (full flowering). The results showed that the main effect of irrigation and inbred lines and the interaction effect between irrigation and inbred lines in terms of the proline and protein contents, the catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, and seed yield in all inbred lines, and relative water content(RWC) were significant at 1% level. Water withholding in the flowering stage increased the proline content and the catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, whereas limited irrigation decreased the protein content and seed yield in all inbred lines and RWC. The lowest protein content and the highest catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were observed in BGK 39 under limited irrigation condition, while BGK 37 revealed the highest proline content in such circumstances. The highest seed yield was seen in BGK 1 and BGK 375 in full irrigation condition. Limited irrigation increased the proline content by 49.51%, compared to that of full irrigation condition.     

Phosphorylase b kinase inheritance in mice

The gene for phosphoryl ase b kinase, a skeletal muscle enzyme, has been located on the X chromo some of mice. The inheritance of the enzyme through two generations from original matings between one inbred strain of mice, the I, which lacks the enzyme, and another strain, the C(57,) follows the classical Mendelian pattern.     

Increased incidence of lymphoma after injections of mice with cells differing at weak histocompatibility loci

Newborns of two congenic strains of mice, in which the incidence of leukemia is low, differing only at the weak H-1 locus, were. injected at birth with adult spleen cells of the parent and of the congenic strain. A marked increase in the incidence of lymphoma ensued in those mice of both strains injected with cells from the other strain. The experiment lends some support to the idea that transplantation immunologic mechanisms may play a role in the genesis of lymphomas.     

小鼠肝炎病毒以不同途径感染4个品系小鼠的比较

用小鼠肝炎病毒A59株以滴鼻、灌胃、腹腔注射3种途径人工感染近交系小鼠(BALB／c小鼠、C57BL小鼠)、免疫缺陷小鼠(NIH—Ⅲ小鼠、BALB／c—nu／nu小鼠),接种病毒后3、5、7、14、21、28d分别取各鼠的肝脏,提取肝脏总RNA。用RT—PCR方法检测小鼠肝炎病毒的感染情况。结果显示：腹腔注射病毒的小鼠在肝脏中能最早检测出病毒,其次是灌胃,滴鼻则最晚;另外,近交系小鼠及免疫缺陷小鼠感染后3d在肝脏中检测出病毒,而转基因小鼠则在感染后7d在肝脏中检测出病毒。