冲茶器具的认识

我国茶具 ,种类繁多 ,造型优美 ,既有实用价值 ,又富艺术之美 ,所以驰名中外 ,为历代饮茶爱好者所青睐。人们在品饮茶的过程之中 ,茶具也相应地发生了一些变化。茶具 ,按狭义的范围 ,主要指茶杯、茶碗、茶壶、托盘等饮茶用具。芳香美味的茶叶配上质优、雅致的茶具 ,更能衬托茶叶的颜色 ,保持浓郁的茶香。通常茶具大概可分为陶土茶具、瓷器茶具、漆器茶具、玻璃茶具、金属茶具、竹木茶具等。一、竹木茶具 :因其易吸收茶味 ,且不便观察汤色 ,所以较少使用。二、金属茶具 :其中较常见的是以锡为储茶器具材料 ,因为锡罐多制成小口长颈 ,盖为筒状…     

紫砂壶杂谭

在中国茶文化中,对饮具也十分讲究,而为众人熟知的茶壶,则为必备之物。茶壶种类甚多,当推宜兴紫砂壶为上品,朱郁华先生撰写了“典雅的紫砂壶”一文,对宜兴紫砂壶的方方面面作了简述、谈来颇多雅兴,故摘之。 宜兴紫砂茶具是一种历史悠久的文化,如今不少内外有识之士对宜兴紫砂壶进行了研究,古老的紫砂壶工艺的勃兴,导致沉寂已久的中国茶具文化的复苏。 据考证,紫砂壶制作工艺始于北宋,盛于明、清。如明代周高起《阳羡名壶录》载：宜兴（古称“阳羡”）陶茶壶“能发真茶之色、香味”。茶色澄洁,茶味清醇,泡茶不走味,贮茶不变色…     

紫砂壶的兴盛

说到茶具,我国素有所谓“景瓷宜陶”的说法,就是说瓷茶具以景德镇为首,陶茶具以宜兴紫砂为最。这种格局,自明代至今,一直未变。江苏宜兴的紫砂陶问世于明朝,并很快兴盛起来。明人周高超所著《阳羡茗壶录》中说:“近百年中,壶黜银锡及闽豫瓮,而尚宜兴陶。”特别是到了明代中期以后,士大夫饮茶用紫砂更加蔚为风尚。紫砂壶业的兴盛何以如此之快?究其原因主要有两个方面。其一,紫砂壶具有优越的实用功能。紫砂茶壶素胎无釉,胎质细腻,含铁量达9％。据前人总结用紫砂壶作茶具有七大优点:一、用以泡茶,不失原味,并能保持“色香味皆蕴”,使“茶     

闲话茶壶

常言道:“水为茶之母,壶为茶之父”。这实在是茶人茗客对茶、水、壶三者互为依存、相映成辉关系的独到精辟之见。中国的品茶艺术,从唐代开始就注重韵味、追求高雅情趣和深远意境。香茶配佳壶,佳壶倍添品茶意趣,香茗频增壶艺价值,恰似红花映衬绿叶,相得益彰。因而,自明代以降,会“玩”茶品茗的,必定会“玩”壶把盏,这也可以说是一种珠联璧合吧! 一茶壶,源于何年何代,出于何人之手,现已不可深究。在唐代茶圣陆羽的《茶经》中,并没有茶壶的记载,《六之饮》中也只有“贮于瓶伍之中”。据考,壶是古代一种无柄、大口、无盖、短身、圆肚的盛水器或酒器。《周礼》在《夏官》、《秋官》两章中就分别注释为:“壶,盛水器也”“壶,酒器也”。《周礼》还提到一种祭祀用的玄     

世界名茶铁观音泡饮方法八泳

（一）白鹤沐浴（１）洁具涤尘当在先,谓如白鹤沐清泉。孟臣壶（２）上水经过,杯有若琛（３）浴后编注：（１）白鹤沐浴（洗杯）：用开水洗净茶具。（２）孟臣壶：乌龙茶具,来自人名。史载明天启年间宜兴著名制陶师叫惠孟臣,他精制的紫砂茶壶落有“孟臣”款,茶人遂习惯称为“孟臣壶”。（３）若深杯：亦来自人名,史载“若深所制茶杯”形美质佳。（二）观音入宫（１）茶名雅号铁观音,品种优良环宇闻。问得入宫茶几许？常规容量五公分。注：（１）观音入宫（投茶）：把铁观音茶放入茶具,放茶量约占茶具容量的五公分。（三）高山流水（…     

台湾李奇茂教授访问“四海茶具馆”

羊年伊始,上海‘四海茶具馆’内鲜花争艳,水仙溢香,荡漾着一派盎然的新春气息。红木陈列橱内,一把把古朴典雅、款式优美的紫砂名壶,弥散出一种独特的文化情韵。难怪远道慕名而来的台湾著名画家李奇茂教授边欣赏边连连对‘四海茶具馆’王人许四海说:‘我今天太高兴了,太愉快了,这里真是集天下名壶之大成!’被称为‘江南壶怪’的许四海,近年来以精湛的构思、多变的造型、考究的做工,制作了不少紫砂艺术壶。同时,他更以丰富的名壶收藏而名扬海内外,在台湾紫砂界也有很大的影响。这次李奇茂教授来上海开画展,虽然时间短暂、活动日程表排得满满的,但自称是‘壶迷’的李教授感到     

茗炉煎水自烹茶

晚上，在茗秀园陶艺坊里，巧遇友人丁黎辉先生，自然要品茗聊天了。为悟玉川子那七碗茶的美妙，点了一壶功夫茶。据说，功夫茶是唐宋以来品茶艺术的流风余韵，不过，现在它早已散尽了王公贵族的气息，寻常百姓也能得而品之了。 我俩落座后，服务小姐便笑盈盈地端来了小巧玲珑的紫砂茶具，这正合了茗性宜于砂壶的说法。这品茶的“行头”是，茶海之上放置一紫砂小茶壶，一紫砂功道杯上覆有金属茶漏，两个蓝地而有白色竹、石、兽图形的闻香杯和品茗杯；仿古茗炉是以酒精为燃料，很干净，小姐用打火机点燃后，将煎水壶坐上。古称为玉书碾的煎水…     

茶艺馆撷美

茶艺馆撷美江西省泰和县政协聂志刚茶艺馆的货架，象老塾师的书架，古调文雅，间隔参差错落，透出一股浓浓的茶文化气息。名茶经销部，锡壶里盛着各类名茶──红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶、茶砖……千姿百态的茶具，好象唱着一支无声的歌。茶壶、茶具交相辉映，我的心中充满清新的...     

紫砂壶与茶

我国是世界上最早种茶、制茶和饮茶的国家,茶具作为饮茶品茗的器具,也同样历史久远.茶与茶具相伴相生,明代许次纾《茶疏》中说:"茶滋于水,水借于器,汤成于火,四者相须,缺一则废."这段话说明品茗必须做到水好,火足,具美.品茗者除讲究精茶,真水,活火,还讲究妙器,称"水为茶之母,壶为茶之父."     

紫砂壶里乾坤大——记浙江长兴新槐紫砂厂厂长程苗根

西汉王褒《僮约》中“烹荼尽具”一词，是关于我国文字中最早的茶具记载。到了唐代，在唐诗中随处可见。茶与壶称为一对孪生兄弟，品茗者必有壶，国人都讲紫砂壶，一来是为了保证茶叶冲泡出的效果，二来为了提高饮茶的档次，三来也是一种爱好和收藏的需要，有的爱茶人珍藏紫砂壶成癖……那么，一把茶壶的制作流程，     

ICP-OES法同时测定果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡含量

果蔬样品经混酸消化后,控制一定的酸度,定容后应用等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对果蔬中铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡六种有害重金属进行测定,研究了分析测定条件,方法简单快速。测定结果表明,五种元素的加标平均回收率在91.0%~107%之间。其RSD均小于3.5%。按该方法进行处理及测定铅、砷、镉、铬、铜、锡,在选择的测定条件下最低检出限分别为0.0006 mg/kg、0.0003 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.00005 mg/kg、0.00003 mg/kg、0.0006 mg/kg。     

微波消解——原子吸收法测定烟叶中铜铁锰锌钙镁钾含量

用微波消解火焰原子吸收法测定了烟叶中的铜、铁、锰、锌、钙、镁、钾含量。该法快速、简便、准确,相对相差为0.1%～8.3%,回收率为94%～106%。     

贵州樟科、景天科等9个科药用植物资源的种类与分布

通过野外调查、标本采集、分类学研究及资料考证,基本摸清了贵州樟科、莲叶桐科、景天科、堇菜科、柳叶菜科、鹿蹄草科、柿科、山矾科、木犀科等9个科药用植物资源的种类与地理分布.结果发现贵州现有樟科药用植物49种4变种,莲叶桐科药用植物5种,景天科药用植物21种,堇菜科药用植物19种1变种,柳叶菜科药用植物20种4变种,鹿蹄草科药用植物7种1变种,柿科药用植物9种1变种,山矾科药用植物12种,木犀科药用植物30种3变种.其中,4种为贵州特有药用植物,40种5变种为贵州药用新资源.     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

原花青素的性质、功能、纯化和利用

原花青素广泛分布于高等植物的多种器官和组织中,是黄烷-3-醇的游离、寡聚或多聚物,存在侧基修饰、异构性质、聚合方式、聚合度等的多样性,可采用多种色谱和质谱技术进行纯化和鉴定。原花青素对于植物具有抗紫外线、清除自由基、抗病驱虫、影响种子休眠等功能,影响作物品质等性状,对人体也具有多种生理功效,在药物、化妆品、食品等领域有良好的应用前景。     

重金属稀土元素污染在水生物体内的生物富集

对铅、镉、汞以及镧、铈在鲤鱼体内的生物富集作用进行了室内试验和讨论。结果表明,重金属及稀土元素在鱼体各部位均有较强的富集作用,其中肌肉部分富集能力较弱,内脏富集能力最强;鱼体各部位对重金属及稀土元素的富集作用随时间的增加而增加,在一定的时间后趋于平衡;并且,鱼体中各部位对重金属及稀土元素的生物富集作用存在较大差异。     

Nonconversion of o,p'-DDT to p,p'-DDT in rats, sheep, chickens, and quail

The finding of appreciable quantities of p,p'-DDT after feeding o,p'-DDT to rats led to the proposal of a theory, that an isomeric metabolic conversion occurs. The presence of p,p'-DDT as an impurity in supposedly pure samples of o,p'-DDT is the correct explanation for the appearance of p,p'-DDT. Purified o,p'-DDT and (14)C-labeled o,p'-DDT yielded no data to support the idea that o,p'-DDT is converted to the p,p'-DDT isomer.     

Mineralogy, petrology, and surface features of lunar samples 10062,35, 10067,9, 10069,30, and 10085,16

The primary rocks are a sequence of titanium-rich basic volcanics, composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite with minor olivine, troilite, and native iron. The soil and microbreccias are respectively loose and compacted mixtures of fragments and aggregates of similar rocks, minerals, and glassy fragments and spheres. Impact events are reflected by the presence of shock metamorphosed rock fragments, breccias, and glasses and their resulting compaction to form complex breccias, glass-spattered surfaces, and numerous glass-lined craters. Chemistry of the glasses formed by the impact events is highly variable, and the high iron and nickel content of a few moundlike features suggests that at least some of the projectiles are iron and nickel-rich meteorites.     

Portrait of Science. Scientist, technologist, proto-feminist, superstar

Although Marie Curie is known primarily for her discovery of radium, her true gift to science was her realization that radioactivity is an intrinsic atomic property of matter rather than the result of chemical processes. She was one of the few Nobel laureates to win the prize twice (physics and chemistry). During her career and as one of the first prominent women scientists, she became increasingly aware of the need for funding for research and of the scientific freedom that money can bring. By nature shy and reserved, Marie's fame, as both a scientist and as an exemplar of a liberated professional woman of the roaring twenties, grew to superstar proportions.     

Water, hydrogen, deuterium, carbon, carbon-13, and oxygen-18 content of selected lunar material

The water content of the breccia is 150 to 455 ppm, with a deltaD from-580 to -870 per mil. Hydrogen gas content is 40 to 53 ppm with a deltaD of -830 to -970 per mil. The CO(2) is 290 to 418 ppm with delta (13)C = + 2.3 to + 5.1 per mil and delta(18)O = 14.2 to 19.1 per mil. Non-CO(2) carbon is 22 to 100 ppm, delta(13)C = -6.4 to -23.2 per mil. Lunar dust is 810 ppm H(2)O (D = 80 ppm) and 188 ppm total carbon(delta(13)C = -17.6 per mil). The (18)O analyses of whole rocks range from 5.8 to 6.2 per mil. The temperature of crystallization of type B rocks is 1100 degrees to 1300 degrees C, based on the oxygen isotope fractionation between coexisting plagioclase and ilmenite.