Physical Properties of the Soils of Sibay City of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific...     

姬松茸多糖提取工艺的优化

对姬松茸子实体多糖提取的工艺条件中的多糖提取温度、提取时间、浸提液pH值3因子的最优化组合问题进行了定量研究,建立了具有良好预测性能的姬松茸多糖提取条件的模型,并利用回归模型对工艺条件的最优化组合,对各单因子要素的多糖得率及其交互作用进行了探讨。试验表明,当浸提温度为100℃、浸提时间为3h、浸提液pH值为6.3时多糖得率处于较高水平     

青海省耕地资源开发利用分析及对策研究

分析论述了青海省耕地资源开发利用的现状、特点和问题。在此基础上,提出了对青海省耕地资源进行研究的框架体系和思路,同时基于GIS/RS技术设计了相关的技术路线。最后依据所做设计对青海省耕地资源开发利用做了初步分析,并进行了相关的对策研究分析。     

济南山丘区土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局分析

土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局的形成及其变化是自然的和人为的多种因素相互作用的结果 ,运用景观生态学原理 ,通过分析景观斑块的类型、数量、面积大小和空间组合状况 ,揭示出济南市山丘区的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度分布特征及空间变异规律     

淤地坝坝体体积的计算

对于已确定的淤地坝坝址,坝体的纵断面（即沟道横断面）是一定的。根据实测的沟造横断面,以沟底最低点为坐标原点,沟道一侧的岸壁曲线可用幂函数形式表示之。利用这种幂函数关系,对于坝坡均一的坝体．在设定坝顶宽、坝高和上下游边坡之后,作者推导出沟道一侧坝体体积的计算公式;沟道两侧的坝体体积即为坝体总体积。对于非均一坝坡、设有马道的坝和坝体加高的体积,可将坝体横断面分割为由几个均一坝坡组成的坝体断面,分别计算其体积。这种计算方法的精度,取决于坝址横断面岸壁曲线回归方程与实际岸壁的符合程度。     

植物恢复措施对鸡西矿区废弃地土壤养分的影响

以黑龙江省鸡西市矿区废弃地为研究区,对不同矿区废弃地的土壤养分元素进行含量分析。结果表明：应用植物恢复措施后的基质土壤各养分指标绝大多数要大大高于原废弃地土壤和经过自然恢复的土壤,说明该措施对石墨尾矿、矸石发电厂粉煤灰废弃地和平排矸石山土壤养分改善效果明显;其中石墨尾矿除全磷外,各种养分指标与林地土壤差距较大,而旱柳对石墨尾矿土壤的改善效果最好,其有机质含量为37．28g／kg,是残渣的2．6倍;种植大果沙棘对粉煤灰废弃地土壤养分的积累效果明显,有机质含量为48．25g／kg,是残渣的1．5倍;植物恢复措施使平排矸石山的土壤养分积累速度加快,已接近林地,混交种植兴安落叶松和家榆总体恢复效果最好,有机质含量分别为193．42和151．46g／kg,是自然恢复条件下的8．9和7倍。建议引入优势种群（如松科等）以加快演替速度,使矿区废弃地更快地恢复到原始状态。     

Heterogeneity of Organic Matter of Aggregates of Protocalcic Chernozems

Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,...     

食用仙人掌萎蔫气象条件分析

塑料大棚内种植的食用仙人掌在土壤墒情较好时也有萎蔫现象发生，通过试验观测和对仙人掌生理习性的分析，发现阴雨过后天气突然放晴温度急剧上升易使仙人掌发生萎蔫现象，并提出了田间管理的应对措施。     

荔枝种子结构的扫描电镜观察

荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。     

物联网安全及解决措施

物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。     

三门峡水库库岸坍塌成因分析与防治措施研究

三门峡水库自1960年9月蓄水运行以来,库岸坍塌现象频繁发生,平均每年塌岸0.5～0.7亿m3.指出了造成库岸坍塌的原因主要是地质环境的影响以及水力条件的变化;不同的地形、地貌、地质结构和岩性特征,表现了不同的塌岸强度,其中黄土塬区为极强塌岸段,黄河Ⅱ级阶地为强烈塌岸段,黄河Ⅰ级阶地为中等强烈塌岸段;分析了引起库岸坍塌的主要水力条件有大气降水、地表水和地下水,并且不同水力条件及其变化特征,对库岸坍塌影响的方式和程度也不同;最后给出了防治库岸坍塌应采用标本兼治的原则,治标是指对塌岸进行必要的加固、支挡、衬砌等;治本就是根据引起塌岸的原因以及不同地质环境条件下的塌岸特征和水力条件,因地制宜,因害设防,从根本上进行综合治理.     

Simulation of the dynamics of different forms of radiocesium in soils of terrestrial ecosystems

A refined imitational model of the seasonal dynamics of radiocesium in soils of forest ecosystems is suggested. This model has been used to predict the dynamics of biologically available and unavailable forms of radiocesium in an artificially contaminated sandy soddy-podzolic soil of an oak ecosystem for a period of 50 years.     

沪蓉西高速公路弃土场渣体侵蚀特征——以宜(昌)至长(阳)段为例

随着我国高速公路的迅速发展，由此形成的水土流失已成为突出的环境问题。为探讨高速公路建设期间弃土场渣体侵蚀规律，在沪蓉西高速公路宜长段Ⅰ标区弃土场布设观测小区进行定位观测和分析研究。结果表明：（1）降雨量与弃土场渣体侵蚀量呈显著的正相关关系。在不考虑影响坡面渣体侵蚀其它因素前提下，随降雨量的增大，渣体侵蚀量逐渐加大。（2）研究区堆渣体沟蚀发生严重，局部坡面渣体侵蚀量高达92848t／km^2。调查发现沟深下切深度基本在40cm以内，受坡面汇水面积影响，从坡上到坡脚，堆渣侵蚀量逐渐加大。     

Characterization of physical and chemical properties of Varzea soils of Goias State of Brazil

Abstract

Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados.     

Estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of agrophytocenoses soils of the subtropical zone of Russia

An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn periods.     

小麦赤霉病发病程度的预测

利用高空环流、海温和地面气象资料与上海地区小麦赤霉病的发病程度的相关关系,建立了上海地区小麦赤霉病发生的长、短期预测模型,对指导上海地区小麦赤霉病的防治具有重要意义。     

百合农杆菌介导的遗传转化受体系统的建立

以麝香百合"素雅"(white-Elegance)作为供试材料建立了百合农杆菌介导的受体系统。鳞茎片的诱导分化以MS培养基中添加0.5mg/L6-BA 0.2mg/LNAA为最好;再生苗鳞茎片的不定芽分化以MS培养基中添加1.0mg/L6-BA 0.2mg/LNAA为最好;再生苗小叶柄的诱导以MS培养基中添加1mg/LNAA为佳。确定了再生苗不同部位适宜的抗生素筛选浓度,卡那霉素的筛选浓度小鳞茎块确定为125mg/L,而小叶柄确定为75mg/L;头孢霉素抑菌浓度确定为250mg/L。     

8个油松种源抗旱性的比较研究

为了鉴别8个油松(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)种源的抗旱性,以其3年生幼苗为研究对象,进行了控水条件下的盆栽实验(T_1:土壤含水量为25%～29%;T_2:土壤含水量为19%～22%;T_3:土壤含水量为12%～15%);测定了其净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)等生理生化指标,并应用Fuzzy隶属函数对它们的抗旱性进行了综合评价.结果表明,在T_3条件下,8个种源的Pn无显著差异(P＞0.05);种源2的T_r显著高于种源1,3,5(P＜0.05);种源5的水分利用效率(WUE)显著高于种源2,3,4,6,7,8(P＜0.05).与T_2条件相比,在T_3条件下,各种源的SOD活性均有所增高,多数种源的POD活性均有所增高;种源7,8膜脂过氧化程度较小,而种源1,3,4,5膜脂过氧化程度较大.8个种源的抗旱性依次为:种源8＞种源6＞种源1＞种源5＞种源4＞种源3≈种源7＞种源2.     

氟对小鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响及锌的保护作用

为观察氟对成年雄性小鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响及锌的保护作用,通过腹腔注射氟化钠建立氟中毒动物模型及锌保护实验。采用石蜡切片、苏木精-伊红染色(HE染色)、末端原位标记(TUNEL)及琼脂糖凝胶电泳的方法检测小鼠生精细胞的凋亡情况。结果显示:(1)氟感染组无论是低剂量组(NaF10 mg/kg)或是高剂量组(NaF 20 mg/kg)生精细胞都发生了明显的凋亡。生精细胞凋亡主要发生在精母细胞和精原细胞,凋亡指数与对照组差异极显著(P<0.05)。(2)无论是高剂量锌(ZnSO430 mg/kg)和低剂量锌(ZnSO415 mg/kg)都可以使凋亡指数明显降低,高剂量锌组的凋亡指数与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。