三门峡水库库岸坍塌成因分析与防治措施研究

三门峡水库自1960年9月蓄水运行以来,库岸坍塌现象频繁发生,平均每年塌岸0.5～0.7亿m3.指出了造成库岸坍塌的原因主要是地质环境的影响以及水力条件的变化;不同的地形、地貌、地质结构和岩性特征,表现了不同的塌岸强度,其中黄土塬区为极强塌岸段,黄河Ⅱ级阶地为强烈塌岸段,黄河Ⅰ级阶地为中等强烈塌岸段;分析了引起库岸坍塌的主要水力条件有大气降水、地表水和地下水,并且不同水力条件及其变化特征,对库岸坍塌影响的方式和程度也不同;最后给出了防治库岸坍塌应采用标本兼治的原则,治标是指对塌岸进行必要的加固、支挡、衬砌等;治本就是根据引起塌岸的原因以及不同地质环境条件下的塌岸特征和水力条件,因地制宜,因害设防,从根本上进行综合治理.

Analysis of Cause of Formation of Collapse of Reservoir Banks in Sanmenxia Reservoir and Research of its Preventives

The frequent collapses of banks have been plaguing Sanmenxia reservoir since it ran and started to store water in September of 1960. The average volume of the collapse is 0. 05~0. 07 billion m3 per year. It shows that the major reasons of the collapses of the bank are the influence of the geologic surroundings and the various hydraulic conditions and their variation character. The degree of the collapse is apparently different because of various terrain? geomorphic unit and specificity of rock in different geology surroundings. The loess platform is the extremely strong collapse segment, Yellow River terrace H is the moderately strong collapse segment and Yellow River terrace I is the strong collapse segment. The key factors which cause collapse are precipitation, surface water and groundwater. The extent and the manner of reservoir-bank collapses are different with diverse hydraulic conditions and their variations. Finally, it demonstrates that the preventive and the cure of collapse should be performed in nature and surface. The surface cure mainly includes carrying necessary reinforcement, shoring, lines and other defending projects into practice according to status of reservoir-bank collapse. The essential cure mainly performs general measures with reasons which cause collapse and with characters of collapse in different geology conditions and with hydraulic conditions. And adjust measures to local conditions and carry measures to local damages.