鸡γ-干扰素基因(ChIFN-γ)的瞬时表达及其抗病毒活性检测

采用PCR技术从质粒pET-ChIFN-γ中扩增得到鸡(Gallus gallus)γ-干扰素(chicken interferon gamma,ChIFN-γ)基因,将其亚克隆到真核表达载体pCAGGS中.将鉴定正确的克隆命名为pCAGGS-ChIFN-γ,体外转染鸡胚成纤维(CEF)细胞,24 h后经间接免疫荧光(IFA)和免疫印迹(Western blot)检测,表达蛋白具有良好的免疫原性.然后利用表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的重组水疱口炎病毒(VSV*GFP)在CEF细胞上检测表达的ChIFN-γ抗病毒活性(AVA),经检测其抗病毒活性为2×10~3AU/mL,并且其活性可被抗鸡IFN-γ的多克隆抗体阻断.     

苹果蠹蛾颗粒体病毒(CpGV)GP37蛋白在Bac-to-Bac系统中的表达和亚细胞定位

苹果蠹蛾颗粒体病毒(Cydia pomonella granulovirus,CpGV)是防治苹果蠹蛾最重要的生物药剂之一,为探寻苹果CpGV GP37蛋白的增效机制,本研究利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统,将苹果CpGV gp37基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因(egfp)以N端或C端融合的方式插入苜蓿银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid NPV,AcMNPV)基因组中,获得重组的杆状病毒质粒(bacmid),转染昆虫细胞Sf9,然后进行Western blot检测。结果显示,检测到GP37和EGFP的融合蛋白(vAcEGFPGP37、vAcGP37EGFP)和非融合蛋白(vAcGP37、vAcEGFP)都得到了高效表达;用激光共聚焦显微镜观察蛋白的亚细胞定位情况,融合GP37的EGFP主要聚集在细胞质中,没有融合GP37的EGFP遍布整个细胞,说明CpGV GP37蛋白定位于细胞质中。本实验研究了CpGV GP37蛋白的真核表达,为该蛋白的后续研究提供了条件;而该蛋白的亚细胞定位研究,不仅为CpGV GP37蛋白增效机制的研究提供了基础资料,同时丰富了杆状病毒GP37蛋白的相关理论。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒M蛋白的表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and resp iratory syndrom e,PRRS)是以妊娠母猪繁殖失败和仔猪出现呼吸困难为特征的传染病,PRRSV是该病的病原体。将PRRSV CH-1a株ORF6基因疏水性较强的区域删除后,克隆于pGEX-6p-1载体中,转化大肠杆菌,并进行诱导表达。经SDS-PAGA分析发现,表达了M r约为37 000的融合蛋白rtM,W estern b lot分析证实,重组蛋白能被PRRSV抗血清所识别。收获融合表达的rtM,按50μg/只的剂量与等量弗氏佐剂乳化后,经腹腔接种BALB/c小鼠,免疫3次后,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,用rtM作为包被抗原,通过间接EL ISA方法筛选阳性克隆,结果获得了1株能稳定分泌抗rtM蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,将其命名为M 2B3。间接免疫荧光检测结果发现,所获得的单克隆抗体能与PRRSV感染细胞产生特异性免疫荧光。亚型鉴定结果显示,单克隆抗体M 2B3为IgG 1型,其轻链均为κ链。研究获得的融合蛋白rtM及单克隆抗体将为今后深入研究PRRSV病毒结构和功能,分析M蛋白的抗原表位等提供有益帮助。     

黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶基因(bgl1)的克隆及其在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中的表达

β-葡萄糖苷酶是纤维素酶系三大成员之一,被认为是纤维素糖化的限速酶。本研究克隆黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶基因(bgl1),并在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中进行表达分析。以GenBank上黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶基因(bgl1)序列为模板,设计特异性引物,从黑曲霉(Asperjillus niger)基因组DNA中扩增目的片段,通过SOE-PCR的方法将猪腮腺分泌蛋白信号肽序列sp和bgl1相连,成功构建分泌型真核表达载体pc6-sp-bgl1,利用脂质体介导法瞬时转染哺乳动物CHO细胞,通过RT-PCR和Western blot检测,最后通过DNS(dinitrosalicylic acid)法测定表达产物酶学活性。PCR扩增得到的目的序列与文献报道序列的相似性为91%,预测的蛋白氨基酸序列相似性为99%。RT-PCR和Western blot检测证明,外源基因bgl1在CHO细胞中得到表达;分泌到细胞培养上清中的重组蛋白对水杨素的水解活性为1.74U/mL,说明重组蛋白具有β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。本研究克隆得到黑曲霉bgl1基因并在哺乳动物CHO细胞中进行表达,为β-葡萄糖苷酶在单胃动物中的利用提供了基础研究资料。     

稳定表达猪SARM1的MARC-145细胞系的建立

猪(Sus scrofa)SARM1基因是重要的抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)候选基因,建立稳定表达SARM1的猴胚胎肾上皮细胞系(MARC-145)是进行SARM1功能研究的基础。本研究成功构建p EGFP-N1-p SARM1真核表达载体,并在MARC-145细胞中瞬时转染,结果显示,猪SARM1-GFP融合蛋白定位于MARC-145细胞的线粒体。使用浓度为800μg/m L的G418对转染p EGFP-N1-p SARM1的细胞进行加压筛选6 d,并进一步使用单克隆法筛选出稳转细胞系,结果显示,稳转细胞系形态正常,绿色荧光稳定表达。RT-PCR和Western blot检测结果均显示SARM1基因在稳转细胞系中稳定表达。应用q RT-PCR方法在PRRSV感稳转细胞系12 h后可以检测到PRRSV开放阅读框7(open reading frame 7,ORF7)在稳转细胞系中表达,并且稳转细胞系中ORF7的表达量在感染后12、24和48 h极显著低于普通MARC-145细胞中的表达量(P<0.01)。组织半数感染量(50%tissue culture infective dose,TCID50)测定进一步证明PRRSV在稳转细胞系中复制能力较低。本研究为进一步开展猪SARM1在PRRSV感染过程中的功能研究提供了基本材料。     

表面展示棉铃虫钙粘蛋白基因细胞系的建立

为研究苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis杀虫晶体蛋白与其受体钙粘蛋白的相互作用,本研究利用苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,AcMNPV)囊膜蛋白GP64细胞膜锚定的特点,将172 bp的N端信号肽(GP64 signal peptide,gp64sp)和135 bp的C端膜锚定区域(GP64 C-terminal transmembrane domain,gp64ctd)连接,并在中间添加了一段含有6个酶切位点的序列,再连接到表达载体pIZ/V5-His,成功构建了一个使外源基因在细胞膜上表达的重组载体pIZ/V5-gp64.将扩增的3 882 bp的棉铃虫钙粘蛋白(Helicoverpa armigera cadherin,HaCAD)基因重复区和近膜区片段与重组载体pIZ/V5-gp64进行酶切和连接,构建重组载体pIZ/V 5-gp64-HaCAD,将其转染棉铃虫细胞系Ha-E-1,通过筛选、细胞克隆和PCR验证,获得了重组钙粘蛋白基因的转基因细胞系Ha-T-CAD.免疫荧光法检测证实,钙粘蛋白在转基因细胞系Ha-T-CAD中成功表达.Western blot检测发现,在Ha-T-CAD细胞的膜蛋白中有140 kD大小的钙粘蛋白.转基因细胞系Ha-T-CAD的构建将为Bt杀虫晶体蛋白作用机理以及昆虫对Bt毒素的抗性机制研究提供基础资料.     

猪resistin(Retn)基因真核表达载体的构建及在哺乳动物细胞中的表达

应用PCR技术从含有猪resistin基因(Retn)cDNA的质粒pMD18T-Retn中扩增Retn基因片段,将其克隆至pcDNA3.1( )表达载体中,构建重组表达质粒pcDNA3.1-Retn。采用LipofectaminTM2000转染Hela细胞,用G418筛选稳定表达的Hela细胞株。用RT-PCR、Tricine-SDS-PAGE和Western blot技术检测,结果表明Retn基因在Hela细胞中得到转录与表达。     

重组MBP-GnRH6融合蛋白的表达与鉴定

将人工合成促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)六聚体基因片段连接至pMAL-c4x载体,获得的pMAL-c4x-GnRH6重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌TB1中进行表达.采用SDS-PAGE,Western blot进行鉴定,并通过动物实验对表达产物的免疫原性进行检测.获得了分子量大小约为50 kD的麦芽糖结合蛋白-GnRH六聚体(MBP-GnRH6),且融合蛋白与GnRH抗体的反应性较好,并能使睾丸萎缩、变性.表明重组MBP-GnRH6融合蛋白具有较好的反应原性和免疫原性,可用于小鼠的免疫去势.     

猪生殖和呼吸综合征病毒中国分离株B13株ORF5基因在杆状病毒系统中的表达

本研究将PRRSV B13株ORF5基因克隆到杆状病毒转移载体质粒pVL1393中,构建了重组转移载体质粒pVL1393-ORF5.用该重组转移载体质粒与线性化苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV-SVI-G)基因组DNA(BaculoGold Linearized Baculovirus DNA)共转染草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda,sf9)细胞,得到重组病毒AcMNPV-OCC-- ORF5 .在感染了重组病毒的sf9细胞中成功地检测到分子量为25kD的ORF5基因表达产物,其能被猪抗PRRSV B13株多克隆血清特异识别.表明sf9细胞表达了所期望的产物,进而也说明基因片段的正确性.猪抗PRRSV VR-2332株多克隆血清对ORF5基因的表达产物无反应,而猪抗LV株多克隆血清则能特异识别,说明PRRSV中国分离株B13株在抗原性上更接近欧洲亚群分离株LV株的抗原性,进一步证实了PRRSV中国分离株B13株属于欧洲亚群.ORF5基因表达产物与天然蛋白分子量十分接近,说明杆状病毒表达系统能较适当的进行合成蛋白的加工和修饰.本研究的结果为PRRS基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了基础.     

肌肉生成抑制素和抑制素融合表达质粒的构建及其表达

以乙肝表面抗原S基因为载体,分别将肌肉生成抑制素(myostatin)N端基因片段(MSTN)和抑制素(inhibin)N端基因片段(INH)分别插入S基因编码的C端和第112～113氨基酸残基密码子之间,构建MSTN-INH融合表达质粒pVAX-SMI.酶切和测序鉴定表明.重组质粒pVAX-SMI构建成功.脂质体法将pVAX-SMI转染HeLa细胞,Western blot检测重组蛋白的表达,结果表明,重组蛋白成功在HeLa细胞中表达.     

Heterogeneity of Organic Matter of Aggregates of Protocalcic Chernozems

Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,...     

食用仙人掌萎蔫气象条件分析

塑料大棚内种植的食用仙人掌在土壤墒情较好时也有萎蔫现象发生，通过试验观测和对仙人掌生理习性的分析，发现阴雨过后天气突然放晴温度急剧上升易使仙人掌发生萎蔫现象，并提出了田间管理的应对措施。     

Physical Properties of the Soils of Sibay City of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific...     

姬松茸多糖提取工艺的优化

对姬松茸子实体多糖提取的工艺条件中的多糖提取温度、提取时间、浸提液pH值3因子的最优化组合问题进行了定量研究,建立了具有良好预测性能的姬松茸多糖提取条件的模型,并利用回归模型对工艺条件的最优化组合,对各单因子要素的多糖得率及其交互作用进行了探讨。试验表明,当浸提温度为100℃、浸提时间为3h、浸提液pH值为6.3时多糖得率处于较高水平     

青海省耕地资源开发利用分析及对策研究

分析论述了青海省耕地资源开发利用的现状、特点和问题。在此基础上,提出了对青海省耕地资源进行研究的框架体系和思路,同时基于GIS/RS技术设计了相关的技术路线。最后依据所做设计对青海省耕地资源开发利用做了初步分析,并进行了相关的对策研究分析。     

济南山丘区土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局分析

土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局的形成及其变化是自然的和人为的多种因素相互作用的结果 ,运用景观生态学原理 ,通过分析景观斑块的类型、数量、面积大小和空间组合状况 ,揭示出济南市山丘区的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度分布特征及空间变异规律     

Characterization of physical and chemical properties of Varzea soils of Goias State of Brazil

Abstract

Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados.     

Estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of agrophytocenoses soils of the subtropical zone of Russia

An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn periods.     

Kinetics of Popping of Popcorn

The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements.