可调五辊式对虾剥壳机剥壳参数优化试验

为了优化提高可调五辊式对虾剥壳的作业质量和效率,以70~80只/kg的南美白对虾为试验对象,利用研制的可调五辊式对虾剥壳机进行试验,以辊组转速、辊组转角、辊组V角、辊组倾角为影响因素,以剥壳率、得仁率、剥壳时间为评价指标,进行了四因素五水平正交旋转中心组合优化试验。通过Design-Expert 8.0.5b软件,建立了评价指标与各影响因素的数学回归模型,分析了显著因素对评价指标的影响,确定了最优参数组合为:辊组转速25 r/min,辊组转角315°,辊组V角130°,辊组倾角18°。选取鲜活对虾在-30℃温度下冷冻10 min进行预处理,并进行对虾去头、开背6节处理后进行剥壳试验,试验结果表明:在优化参数组合下,剥壳率平均值为94.67%,得仁率为85.23%,30只/组剥壳时间为54.33 s。试验表明可调五辊式对虾剥壳机满足对虾剥壳的技术要求,调节方便可靠,可为各个级别对虾剥壳装备的设计提供参数依据。     

带式夹持输送对虾开背机的设计与试验

为适应不同尺寸对虾开背以及寻找开背的优化参数,设计带式夹持输送对虾开背机,并对该方案的夹持与输送机构、夹持V角调节机构、限深与导正部分进行了详细设计。在单因素试验的基础上,以响应面优化法安排三因素三水平的正交试验,探求了夹持V角、输送速度、切割转速3个关键参数对切口长度、切口对称度、切口深度、切口光滑度4个评价指标的影响规律,利用Design-Expert8.06软件对试验结果进行方差分析,建立了评价指标与各影响因素的数学回归模型,并进行响应面分析,得到带式对虾开背机的最佳工艺参数组合为:夹持V角33°,输送速度285 mm/s,切割转速1 250 r/min。选取去头预处理、腹部六节完整的对虾在带式对虾开背机上以最佳参数组合进行试验验证,试验结果为:切口长度成功率92.5%,切口对称度成功率90.83%,切口深度成功率90.0%,切口光滑度成功率93.3%,与预测值误差绝对值均小于5%。验证试验结果表明带式对虾开背机性能可靠稳定,各项指标均满足要求。     

低温盐水预处理对南美白对虾剥壳的影响研究

本文采用不同浓度的低温盐水处理南美白对虾,以处理时间为水平,以剥壳耗时、对虾的挥发性盐基氮含量、ATP酶活性、硬度、弹性、壳肉间拉力、温度变化趋势为测定指标,结合感观评定,确定了南美白对虾低温盐水预处理剥壳最佳处理条件为:4°Bé低温盐水处理1h,此时虾体温度为0.067℃,剥壳时间为8.77分,虾肉弹性为3.89mm,硬度为14.86N,拉力为1.27N,挥发性盐基氮含量为4.61mg·100g-1,ATP酶活虾为0.059U·mg-1。虾肉较完整,肉质好,色泽、气味正常。本研究将为南美白对虾机械剥壳提供技术支撑。     

南美白对虾揉搓预处理对剥壳影响的试验研究

为获得低损高品质的虾仁,该研究提出了机械式揉搓预处理方法,研究了揉搓处理对剥壳影响的因素。根据对虾体型特征和试验需求设计了带式揉搓试验台。以体长约12 cm、质量约10.6 g的鲜活南美白对虾作为试验对象。为了适应现代化剥壳工艺,首先对对虾进行1℃、15 min的低温处理,再进行揉搓试验。试验以揉搓法向压力、揉搓总距离和揉搓方向为影响因素,以促剥指数、汁水流失率和破损率为评测指标,在单因素试验基础上,进行响应面优化试验。获得优化参数组合为:揉搓法向压力11.8 N、揉搓总距离70 cm、揉搓方向反向占比30%,该条件下促剥指数为1.41,汁水流失率为3.44%,破损率为4.9%,经过试验验证,误差小于5%。根据对虾的壳肉结构特点、受力分析和揉搓前后壳肉连接的显微结构变化,分析了"挤压力-剪切力-滚动"联合作用下"虾体形变-壳肉撕扯-分离扩展"的过程,阐明了对虾揉搓的壳肉松脱促剥机理。研究结果可为对虾绿色、低损去壳方法提供参考。     

玉米种子仿生脱粒机性能试验与参数优化

玉米种子仿生脱粒机是依据鸡喙离散玉米籽粒过程和裸手脱粒玉米籽粒过程的先离散后脱粒原理设计的,其具有低损伤、低破碎率等特点。为了优化玉米种子仿生脱粒机脱粒系统的有关参数,进而降低玉米种子在脱粒过程中的损伤,该文采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计的方法,以籽粒破碎率和脱净率为主要性能指标,选取差速辊转速、离散辊转速、脱粒辊转速和离散辊间隙、脱粒辊间隙为试验因素,对玉米种子仿生脱粒机进行了性能试验。并依据试验结果分别对离散辊转速与脱粒辊转速对破碎率和脱净率的影响,以及离散辊间隙与脱粒辊间隙对破碎率和脱净率的影响进行分析。分析结果表明:当离散辊转速在150~180 r/min和310~350 r/min,脱粒辊转速在270~350 r/min时,破碎率取得较小值;当离散辊转速在230~300 r/min,脱粒辊转速在150~200 r/min范围内时,籽粒脱净率取得最大值100%。当离散辊间隙在0~4 mm,脱粒辊间隙在5~9.2 mm时,籽粒破碎率取得最小值。当脱粒辊间隙在0~2.2 mm时脱净率取得最大值100%。综合以上结论,在试验拟合曲线的基础上按综合评价法进行优化,得到最优参数组合为差速辊转速90 r/min,离散辊转速350 r/min,脱粒辊转速为350 r/min,离散辊间隙4.6 mm,脱粒辊间隙4.6 mm。测得此时破碎率为0.226%,脱净率为99.317%,玉米芯完整度为100%,达到国家标准要求。     

蓖麻蒴果剥壳装置关键部件改进设计与试验

该研究针对蓖麻蒴果的物性特点,以提高其剥壳率和降低破损率为目标,研制了蓖麻蒴果剥壳装置,对关键部件进行了改进设计与力学分析,建立了力与变形的数学模型。利用MATLAB进行运算,得出了挤压力P与轧角α、辊筒变形量ΔR、两辊筒间隙、蓖麻蒴果直径和辊筒直径的关系。明确了剥壳过程中各种影响因子间的相互制约关系,确定了影响蓖麻蒴果剥壳的主要因素是辊筒转速、辊筒间隙和辊筒差速,提出了影响剥壳率和破损率的优化方案:剥壳率优化的因素水平组合是辊筒转速为10r/min,辊筒间隙为18mm,辊筒差速为30r/min;破损率优化的因素水平组合是辊筒转速为10r/min,辊筒差速为30r/min,辊筒间隙为12mm,研究结果可为同类剥壳机械的优化设计提供理论支持和技术参考。     

对辊式红花采收装置参数优化及试验

为了提高对辊式红花采收装置的作业质量,以"裕民无刺"红花品种为试验对象,利用搭建的对辊式红花采收试验台,以对辊间隙、胶辊直径和胶辊转速为影响因素,采净率、掉落率和破碎率为评价指标,进行了二次旋转正交组合试验。通过Design-Expert 6.0.10软件,建立了评价指标与诸影响因素的数学回归模型,分析了显著因素对评价指标的影响,优化试验参数,确定最优参数组合为:胶辊直径40 mm、对辊间隙0.5 mm和胶辊转速1 400 r/min。根据优化参数组合,选取开花后1~5 d(含水率为44.6%~78.4%)的红花进行采收试验,试验结果表明:在优化参数组合下,红花采净率90.02%,掉落率2.46%,红花破碎率3.04%;在该试验参数组合,对含水率为22.9%~29.5%干花进行采收,出现大量红花残留在果球表面,作业质量急剧下降现象,因此红花适时收获时间为开花期1~5 d为宜。通过在新疆塔城地区裕民县进行红花田间采收试验,表明该采收装置能够满足红花采收的技术要求。上述研究成果丰富了红花采收技术,也为辊式采收机具的设计提供参考依据。     

南极磷虾等径滚轴挤压剥壳工艺优化

该文采用响应面分析法对南极磷虾滚轴挤压剥壳工艺参数进行优化,以剥壳得肉率为试验指标,以滚轴转速、滚轴间隙、旋转圈数为自变量,在单因素试验的基础上进行响应面分析。获得最佳工艺条件为：滚轴转速1.6 r/s、滚轴间隙0.5 mm、旋转圈数1.7 r,预测的得肉率为36.44%,此参数条件下的实测平均得肉率为35.17%。在最佳工艺参数下,试验放置时间与剥壳得肉率的关系,结果表明：随着放置时间的增加,剥壳得肉率逐渐降低;手工剥壳得肉率从35.29%降至29.73%,机器剥壳得肉率从34.71%降至21.08%。机器剥壳得肉率较手工剥壳相对较低,且降幅更为明显。研究结果可为南极磷虾剥壳装备的研制提供参考。     

干红花收获机立式辊刷采摘装置设计与试验

针对旱地干红花人工采收时不易捏取导致采摘效率低、掉落率高等问题,该研究结合红花的物理特性和种植模式,设计了立式辊刷干红花收获机采摘装置。根据机具结构对刷丝排布方案进行理论分析,确定刷丝排布方案为螺旋式,螺旋升角为30°,旋向为右旋。对辊刷采摘干红花进行力学分析,得出使花丝脱离果球的关键作用力为法向力F_N。采用Hertz弹性接触理论对F_N进行分析,并建立刷丝-果球接触力学模型,揭示干红花的采摘原理,明确影响采摘质量的主要因素为刷丝材质、丝径、长度和辊刷转速,进一步对立式辊刷结构与运动参数进行分析,得出采摘装置优化参数组合为：辊刷长度300 mm,辊刷直径100 mm,辊刷转速360 r/min,刷丝材质为聚酰胺610（PA-610）,刷丝长度30 mm,刷丝丝径0.3 mm。通过植株通过率试验确定立式辊刷与栅条架的间隙为12 mm。田间采摘试验表明,该装置的红花采摘率和伤果率分别为87.04%和4.19%,机具采摘效率为人工采摘效率的7.71～10.92倍。研究结果可为辊刷式干红花收获机的设计与优化提供参考。     

荸荠收获机弹簧辊式泥果分离装置研制

针对荸荠收获泥果分离难、果实损伤率高的问题，根据旱地环境下荸荠采收作业需求，该研究提出一种由正反旋弹簧并排布置的荸荠收获机弹簧辊式泥果分离装置。通过对荸荠与弹簧辊的相对运动过程动力学分析，确定了影响荸荠收获泥果分离的关键因素为弹簧外径、螺距、相邻弹簧间距、高度差及弹簧转速、线径、作业速度。利用EDEM软件建立泥果混合物离散元模型，对弹簧辊结构参数与工作参数进行单因素试验，分析各因素对泥果分离效果的影响。以荸荠筛分率和土壤筛分率为指标进行二次回归正交试验，得到弹簧辊最佳参数组合为外径100 mm、螺距30 mm、间距9 mm、转速420 r/min，该参数组合下荸荠筛分率为80.00%，土壤筛分率为80.69%。进行仿真验证试验，对比试验结果与模型预测值，荸荠筛分率平均相对误差为2.09%，土壤筛分率平均相对误差为2.42%。以明果率、伤果率、破皮率、挖净率为指标开展模拟采挖试验，分析不同线径弹簧辊的泥果分离能力，确定12 mm线径弹簧兼具较好的振动筛分性能和较低的损伤率。通过实际收获试验测得作业速度0.21 m/s，作业效率0.19 m² /s，碎土率75.61%，明果率82.42%，伤果率14.73%，破皮率7.01%。研究结果可为荸荠收获机研制和优化改进提供参考。     

Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage

Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.     

Assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures: Resolving the “wicked” problem of the Steller sea lion

“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.     

Enhanced establishment and growth of giant cardon cactus in an eroded field in the Sonoran Desert using native legume trees as nurse plants aided by plant growth-promoting microorganisms and compost

To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.     

Karyotypic and genome size variation in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) and some wild relatives

Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.     

Effect of some fungicide seed treatments on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybean [Glycine max. (L) Merr.]

Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation.     

Einfluss der düngungsmethoden auf die entwicklung von zuckerrübenkrankheiten

Während neunjähriger (1994-2002) Untersuchungen in der Versuchsanstalt Ba?cyny (Fahlerde, Fall-Gleyboden, ausgebildet aus leichtem Lehmboden) wurde der Befall mit Krankheiten an der Zuckerrübe in Abhängigkeit von der Düngungsmethode bewertet. Folgende Methoden wurden angewendet: A - Mineraldünger, B - Stalldung und Mineraldünger, C - Stroh-, Gründung und Mineraldünger, D - Kompostdünger und Biopräparate (ökologische Düngung). Auf den Objekten A, B, C wurden bei konstanter Phosphor-Kalium-Düngung die Stickstoffgaben von 0 bis 180 kg.ha^?1 differenziert. Auf dem ökologischen Objekt D ohne Mineraldünger wurden statt Stickstoff die Biopräparate P₅₀₀ und P₅₀₁ verabreicht. Der geringste Befall von Krankheiten wurde an der Zuckerrübe auf jenem Objekt festgestellt, das mit Kompost und den Biopräparaten gedüngt worden war. Im Rahmen der konventionellen Düngungsmethoden wurde allgemein die höchste Intensität der Krankheiten an der mit Stroh, Gründung und Mineraldünger gedüngten Zuckerrübe beobachtet. Ausnahmen von dieser Regel bildete das Vorkommen von echtem Mehltau und Keimlingsfäule. Auf den Objekten A, B, C nahm die Intensität der Krankheiten mit der Steigerung der Stickstoffgabe zu. Auch die auf Objekt D verabreichten Biopräparate stimulierten die Entwicklung der Krankheiten. The effect of various fertilization methods on the diseases of sugar beet was estimated on the basis of nine-year studies (1994-2002) conducted in the Experimental Production Farm in Ba?cyny on loess-based, sedimentary-gley, light-clay soil. The following fertilization methods were applied: A - mineral fertilization, B - mineral and manure fertilization, C - straw, green manure and mineral fertilization, D - ecological compost and biodynamic preparations fertilization. In the objects A, B and C fertilized with phosphorus and potassium, various doses of nitrogen ranging from 0 to 180 kg/ha^?1 were used. In the ecological object D, where mineral fertilization was not used, biodynamic preparations P₅₀₀ and P₅₀₁ were applied instead of nitrogen. The lowest ratio of the diseases of sugar beet was observed in the object fertilized with the compost and biodynamic preparations. In view of the conventional fertilization methods, generally the highest incidence of diseases was noted in the sugar beet fertilized with straw, green manure and mineral fertilizers. The exception was the occurrence of powdery mildew and the black leg. In objects A, B and C the incidence of the diseases increased with the increase in nitrogen doses. The applied biodynamical preparations in the object D stimulated the development of diseases too.     

Prospects for control of Pythium damping-off of lettuce with Trichoderma,Gliocladium and Enterobacter spp.

Summary Damping-off of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Pythium ultimum was studied in pots containing a non-sterile potting mix in the glasshouse. Fifty P. ultimum sporangia g^-1 compost reduced the plant stand to 15% and shoot dry weight to 18%, but this reduction was totally prevented by applying Trichoderma harzianum at 2×10⁵ viable propagules g^-1 potting mix. Gliocladium virens and Enterobacter cloacae also alleviated the damping-off. E. cloacae did not adversely affect the action of the fungal antagonists. The co-existence of the bacterial and fungal antagonists was revealed on the root surface and inner surface of the testa by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the compatibility of the biocontrol agents.     

细菌、真菌及植物氮营养信号研究进展

氮素吸收代谢是所有生物生命活动的核心部分,因此,各种生物对氮的吸收与同化过程都有精细的调节。这种调节依赖于生物对体内氮素状况信号及体外（生长介质中）氮素信号的感受。过去几十年中,在细菌、真菌中已经对氮素营养信号有了较好的研究,而植物中则相对缓慢,但也有了一定的认识。本文重点比较细菌、真菌及植物中氮信号系统的组成,以期为进一步认识植物中的氮信号接受与转导系统提供启示。     

Potential of wild species for genetic enhancement of some semi-arid food crops

Discovery and incorporation of genes from wild species provide means to sustain crop improvement, particularly when levels of resistance in the cultigens are low and virulent strains of pests and pathogens overcome the host plant resistance. The extent of utilization and the potential of the wild genepool for genetic enhancement were reviewed in five important food crops viz. sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut grown in the semi-arid tropics. Introgression from compatible wild germplasm in the primary gene pool resulted in transfer of new cytoplasmic male sterility systems in pearl millet and pigeonpea, development of high protein, cleistogamous flower and dwarf pigeonpea lines and foliar disease resistant groundnut cultivars. Utilization of wild species in secondary and tertiary gene pools has been generally limited due to sterility, restricted recombination or cross incompatibility. Nevertheless, these species are extremely important as they contain high levels of resistance to several important biotic and abiotic stresses. Several of them, like those belonging to the Parasorghum section and the rhizomatous Arachis species are sources of multiple resistances and hold great promise to sustain crop productivity.     

“绿色革命”以来大气CO2浓度升高对C3作物营养品质的影响

自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。