“绿色革命”以来大气CO2浓度升高对C3作物营养品质的影响

自20世纪60年代"绿色革命"以来,育种技术和农耕技术的发展促进了农作物产量的大幅提升,然而作物的营养品质出现下降趋势。在相似的遗传背景下,大气CO_2浓度升高会使单位体积农作物产品的营养元素含量下降,因此"绿色革命"至今,农作物产品的营养元素下降可能受大气CO_2浓度升高影响。通过植物生长箱模拟"绿色革命"初期和目前的大气CO_2浓度水平(310μmol/mol和400μmol/mol),针对主要C_3作物水稻、小麦和大豆,研究"绿色革命"以来大气CO_2浓度升高对其籽粒的C、N、Fe、Zn元素含量的影响,结果表明:CO_2浓度升高对3种作物籽粒的C元素含量几乎没有影响,变化幅度在±1.5%之间;籽粒的N、Fe、Zn元素含量普遍呈现下降趋势,但均未达到显著水平。

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Nutritional Quality of C3 Crops Since Green Revolution

Since the green revolution (in the 1960s), the output of agricultural production has risen sharply owing to the development of breeding and farming techniques, while the nutritional quality of crops has been declining. In similar genetic background, nutrient content decreased in unit volume of crops under the elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (CO<sub>2</sub>]). Since the green revolution, the decrease of nutrition in agricultural products may due to the elevated CO<sub>2</sub>]. Using the plant growth chambers to respectively simulate CO<sub>2</sub>] level in the early green revolution(310ppm) and the current (400 ppm), in this study rice, wheat, and soybean (the main C<sub>3</sub> crops) were selected to research the effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub>] on the C, N, Fe, Zn content in grains since green revolution. The results showed that the elevated CO<sub>2</sub>] had little effect on the C concentration in the grains of the three crops, with the change range of ±1.5%. Both N, Fe and Zn concentration in grains generally showed decreased trends, but the decline did not reach the significant level. Besides, breeding techniques did not relieve the negative effect of elevated CO<sub>2</sub>] on grain nutritive quality.