中华苦卖菜总黄酮超声提取工艺研究

目的优选中华苦卖菜总黄酮的超声波提取工艺。方法以总黄酮含量为指标,采用超声波提取方法分别考察了料液比、乙醇浓度、超声时间和超声温度对总含量的影响。结果超声提取中华苦卖菜总黄酮的最佳条件为料液比为料液比为1:50,乙醇体积分数为70%,超声温度45℃,超声时间50 min。结论采用超声波提取技术提取中华苦卖菜总黄酮,具有提取时间短,提取效率高,可较好地用于中华苦卖菜总黄酮的提取。     

正交试验优化山地五月茶总黄酮的提取工艺

通过单因素试验，分析乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比、提取次数等对总黄酮提取率的影响，采用正交试验确定山地五月茶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。结果表明，山地五月茶总黄酮的最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度85%、料液质量体积比1∶10、提取温度90℃，加热回流提取2.0 h，提取3次。在此条件下，测得山地五月茶总黄酮的含量为(4.548 6±0.041 5)mg/g。本研究建立了山地五月茶总黄酮的提取工艺，可为山地五月茶资源的充分利用、研究开发等提供科学依据。     

超声辅助双水相体系提取牛大力总黄酮的研究

利用超声耦合乙醇-硫酸铵双水相萃取技术提取牛大力总黄酮。通过单因素实验和正交实验对影响牛大力总黄酮提取的料液比、硫酸铵浓度、乙醇浓度和超声时间等因素进行探讨,以建立牛大力总黄酮的提取工艺。结果显示：影响牛大力总黄酮提取因素的主次顺序为料液比＞乙醇浓度＞硫酸铵浓度＞超声时间;最优提取条件为乙醇浓度80%、料液比1∶40(m∶V)、超声时间50 min、硫酸铵浓度为0.3 g/mL,在此条件下,牛大力总黄酮得率为5.82 mg/g。     

探究暴马丁香叶中总黄酮的超声提取工艺

为充分利用暴马丁香,以暴马丁香叶为材料,利用超声辅助提取法对暴马丁香叶的径粒大小、液料比、乙醇浓度、超声时间进行了研究。结果表明:径粒大小为过80目筛时,提取暴马丁香总黄酮含量最高为11.078mg/g,液料比为1∶15时暴马丁香总黄酮提取含量最高为23.653mg/g,乙醇浓度为70%时暴马丁香总黄酮提取含量最高为26.116mg/g,超声时间为20min时暴马丁香总黄酮提取含量高为26.158mg/g,正交实验优化得到的最佳工艺条件为径粒大小为60目,液料比为1∶15,乙醇浓度为80%,超声时间为40min。     

响应面法优化枇杷花总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺的研究

采用超声波辅助提取枇杷花中的总黄酮,研究超声波功率、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、液料比及提取次数对总黄酮提取得率的影响。根据单因素试验,选择在超声波功率80 W、一次浸提条件下优化提取工艺;采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,设计4因素3水平试验,以响应面分析法优化乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间及液料比4个因素对总黄酮提取得率的影响。结果表明：当超声波功率为80 W时,枇杷花中总黄酮超声波辅助提取的优化工艺参数为：乙醇浓度47.33％、提取温度58.42 ℃、提取时间12.01 min、液料比（mL ∶ g）45.56 ∶ 1,在此条件下枇杷花总黄酮一次浸提的提取得率可达10.48％。     

乙醇在茶叶多糖提取中的应用研究

乙醇预处理茶叶后,再通过水提可实现高茶多糖提取物的制备.以安溪铁观音为原料,以茶多糖、茶多酚、可溶性蛋白含量和浸出物得率为评价指标,考察乙醇预提取茶叶中乙醇浓度、料液比、温度、提取时间等因素的影响.单因素试验的基础上,正交试验分析发现,温度为醇提茶叶的最显著因素,乙醇浓度次之,而料液比和提取时间影响最小.乙醇预处理茶叶最优工艺参数组合为A1 B2 C2 D1,即乙醇浓度65%、料液比1:25、温度55℃、提取时间20 min,该工艺实施后可再通过水提制得更高含量的茶多糖,为其进一步应用开展及工业化制备提供重要的理论依据.     

正交法筛选超声提取银杏果中黄酮及多糖的工艺

目的:筛选银杏种仁中具有抗氧化作用的银杏果多糖和黄酮的超声优化提取工艺。方法:通过正交实验法来确定银杏果多糖和黄酮超声辅助提取法的最优条件。采用硫酸-苯酚法确定多糖含量;三氯化铝显色法确定总黄酮的含量。结果:最优提取工艺为料液比:1:30,超声时间:30min,温度:40℃,其中,料液比、超声时间、温度对提取率的影响依次减小。在此条件下得到的总提取率为12.27%。     

"紫糯1号"糙米中总黄酮提取工艺研究

以福建省农业科学院水稻研究所选育的黑米品种"紫糯1号"为材料,用乙醇提取色稻糙米中的总黄酮,研究不同因素对黄酮类化合物提取率的影响,确定较优的提取工艺条件。结果表明,乙醇提取紫糯1号糙米中的总黄酮较优工艺为:乙醇浓度70%,提取时间60 min,提取温度50℃,料液比1∶25,摇床频率100 r/min,此时总黄酮提取率最高为4.25%。     

超声波辅助提取福建山苦瓜总黄酮工艺研究

试验以福建山苦瓜为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法提取山苦瓜中的总黄酮,首先通过单因素试验分别确定乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声时间和超声温度的三个较优水平,再通过L9(34)正交试验进一步得到苦瓜中黄酮提取的最佳工艺。试验结果表明最佳组合为:1:10的料液比(g/mL)、80%的乙醇体积分数、30min的超声时间和40℃的超声温度。在此条件下平均提取率为1.192%(mg/g)。     

六堡茶紫芽鲜叶花青素提取工艺优化研究

以六堡茶紫芽鲜叶为研究对象,结合超声辅助提取,使用响应面法分析超声温度、提取时间以及料液比对花青素提取效果的影响。以紫芽花青素含量为响应值,通过响应面试验优化花青素超声提取条件。结果表明,对花青素提取影响由大到小的因素依次为：料液比>提取时间>超声温度。最佳提取工艺为：超声温度60℃,提取时间13min,料液比1:12,此条件下测得六堡茶紫芽鲜叶花青素含量为：1701.29nmol/g,是普通绿芽的7倍。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。