益生菌对宿主免疫功能的调节作用

益生菌作为一种新型的绿色无公害饲料添加剂、保健品及治疗药物，其研究已经取得了很多成果，其中研究益生菌在免疫方面的作用报道较多。益生菌可以提高内源宿主的防御机制，除了起稳定微生态环境这一非免疫调节作用外，益生菌可以通过提高机体的体液免疫水平来增进机体的免疫防御机能。同时也能增强宿主对病原的非特异性免疫，并辅助免疫清除，调节宿主对潜在病原的免疫调节作用，减弱宿主对过敏原的过敏性反应。     

益生菌对宿主机体免疫调节作用研究进展

益生菌是一类对宿主机体健康有益的低致病性或无致病性微生物。大量研究表明,益生菌能够维持宿主肠道菌群平衡,作用于肠道黏膜免疫系统,引起体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,从而调节机体的免疫功能。就益生菌的免疫调节作用途径,及其对机体体液免疫和细胞免疫的影响进行了综述。     

益生菌对蓄禽免疫的影响

本文从畜禽的免疫系统及功能入手,综述了益生菌对畜禽免疫的作用机理,益生菌在增强机体非特异性与特异性免疫应答等几个方面的研究进展,对影响益生菌对免疫调节作用的因素进行了总结.     

益生菌对畜禽免疫的影响

本文从畜禽的免疫系统及功能入手，综述了益生菌对畜禽免疫的作用机理，益生菌在增强机体非特异性与特异性免疫应答等几个方面的研究进展，对影响益生菌对免疫调节作用的因素进行了总结。     

益生菌对鱼类黏膜免疫影响的研究进展

益生菌能增强和调节黏膜免疫系统的功能,在免疫中发挥重要作用。鱼类黏膜是抵御外界环境的第一道屏障。益生菌对鱼类免疫方面的研究主要集中在对机体免疫的影响,而这些研究却较少讨论益生菌在黏膜表面的免疫调节特性。文章综述了目前益生菌对鱼类黏膜免疫影响的研究进展,对益生菌与鱼类之间相互作用奠定了理论基础。     

乳酸杆菌双歧杆菌等益生菌的开发和应用进展

乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等益生菌由于其无药物残留等诸多优点已成为人们研究的热点。这些益生菌可提高机体的免疫机能,同时具有营养、免疫调节、抗过敏及抗感染作用。其中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌在延缓衰老,对抗疾病如癌症、急慢性肝炎、作为饲料添加剂等方面都表现出了良好的应用前景。本文就益生菌的作用机理、功能及乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌的应用现状及发展前景进行简要概述。     

益生菌对宿主免疫功能的调节作用

综述了益生菌对机体非特异及特异性免疫反应的影响。益生菌能够调节与免疫有关的细胞因子产生 ,促使致炎因子和抗炎因子达到平衡。对过敏个体具有缓减过敏反应之功效。     

益生菌与动物肠道自由基的关系

动物肠道益生菌具有免疫调节、形成肠黏膜上皮屏障功能和刺激肠道细胞增殖等多种生理作用。最新研究表明,益生菌一个重要作用机制是可通过调控肠道自由基的水平,既可发挥免疫调节作用,又避免了对肠道产生氧化损伤。益生菌能够刺激肠道细胞产生活性氧自由基(ROS),ROS参与调控肠道细胞内的氧化还原反应过程。同时,益生菌也能够利用其体内相关的酶系,清除肠道细胞产生的过量ROS,从而防止其对肠道的损伤作用。本文对益生菌通过调控肠道自由基水平,既可发挥免疫调节作用,又防止对肠道氧化损伤的功能及其相关机制进行了综述。     

淫羊藿免疫调节作用研究概况

淫羊藿免疫调节作用研究概况刘家国（南京农业大学２１００９５）免疫调节剂（Ｉｍｍｕｎｏｄｕｌａｔｉｏｎ）又叫免疫化学修饰剂（ＩｍｍｕｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＭｅｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ）。其特点是具有双向免疫反应调节功能,即对不同免疫状态下的机体可作为免疫刺激...     

IL-10对感染口蹄疫病毒的树突状细胞的影响

树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)是机体中重要的抗原递呈细胞,在病毒感染机体后的免疫调节过程中具有重要作用。为研究调节IL-10的分泌是否会影响DC感染病毒后的免疫反应,本研究用FMDV感染DC后发现,IL-10的分泌量可以影响DC在免疫过程中各种细胞因子的表达,故认为IL-10在口蹄疫病毒感染过程中对机体的免疫调节具有重要的影响。     

益生菌对硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫影响的研究进展

益生菌在健康硬骨鱼肠道中不仅起到抑制致病微生物的作用,而且更重要的是,益生菌能够刺激和增强肠道黏膜免疫系统,在肠道免疫中起重要作用。近年来,硬骨鱼黏膜免疫因其多样性及其不明确的定义,已成为热门的研究课题。硬骨鱼与水生环境直接接触,使肠道黏膜表面易受各种病原体的侵袭。免疫调节是硬骨鱼中有效的预防性措施,而益生菌能够提高肠道黏膜表面固有的免疫活性细胞和因子,对病原体起颉颃作用。益生菌主要通过口服方式进入鱼体,而肠道作为其主要靶器官,对鱼体产生特异性免疫应答。因此,关于益生菌影响肠道黏膜免疫系统的研究值得关注。相比于哺乳动物,硬骨鱼具有更加弥散的肠淋巴系统。局部免疫应答所必需的免疫细胞大量存在于肠道黏膜中,并且可以在免疫后的鱼体肠道中监测到局部免疫应答。文章综述了近年来硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫系统以及益生菌对硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫的影响,并对鱼类益生菌的进一步研究进行了展望,以期为后续研究益生菌与硬骨鱼之间相互作用提供参考。     

Development of molecular immunoassay system for probiotics via toll-like receptors based on food immunology

Recent interest has focused on the importance of intestinal immunity for the host defense, but to date, not much is known about the underlying mechanisms. The toll‐like receptor (TLR) family plays an important role in host defense through recognizing bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. Our recent research on the physiological function of food products has investigated the immunoregulatory effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) via TLR. Studies of swine, which often substitute for a human model, have demonstrated intestinal immunoregulation by the probiotic LAB mediated by TLR in the gut. On the basis of our study, efforts have also been made to develop a molecular immunoassay system for probiotic LAB and find novel immunostimulatory DNA sequences from probiotics and high potential immunobiotic LAB strains via TLR signaling. These findings may provide important clues at the molecular level on TLR signal transduction pathways and recognition mechanisms for the ligands. They also provide impetus to further delineate the activation mechanism of the innate immune response. In addition to identifying immunoregulatory factor immunogenics from LAB, a better understanding of intestinal immune regulation through cytokine networks holds out promise for basic food immunology research and the development of immunobiotic foods to prevent specific diseases.     

益生菌在恢复家兔肠道菌群平衡和解决腹泻中的作用

益生菌是一类有益于宿主健康的活性微生物,可以通过调节家兔肠道菌群的平衡和增强肠道屏障功能来发挥作用,能够抑制有害菌的生长,提高消化道内营养物质的吸收利用,增强免疫系统的功能,从而维持肠道健康。本文从益生菌对家兔肠道菌群的影响,益生菌治疗机制的探索等方面探讨益生菌在恢复家兔肠道菌群平衡和解决腹泻中的作用,分析了当前研究的局限性和未来研究方向,有助于推动益生菌在家兔腹泻治疗中的临床应用,为家兔肠道健康提供更全面的保障。     

益生菌的筛选、功能及其在动物饲养中的应用

随着人们对于益生菌的关注度增加,筛选益生菌的来源已经从传统的发酵制品发展到动植物,其安全性评价也日趋完善。益生菌的生理功能及相关机理研究逐渐深入,包括调节肠道菌群平衡、营养、降胆固醇、提高机体免疫、抗过敏、抗幽门螺旋杆菌感染等方面。益生菌具有多样的生理功能,将其作为饲料添加剂应用于动物饲养中也得到较多地研究。文章就益生菌的分离筛选、生理功能以及相关的作用机理及其在动物饲养中的应用进行阐述,以供参考。     

Health-beneficial effects of probiotics: Its mode of action

It is now widely recognized that probiotics have health-beneficial effects on humans and animals. Probiotics should survive in the intestinal tract to exert beneficial effects on the host's health. To keep a sufficient level of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, a shorter interval between doses may be required. Although adherence to the intestinal epithelial cell and mucus is not a universal property of probiotics, high ability to adhere to the intestinal surface might strongly interfere with infection of pathogenic bacteria and regulate the immune system. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus stimulated indigenous Lactobacilli and the production of short-chain fatty acids. This alteration of the intestinal environment should contribute to maintain the host's health. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are related to important parts of their beneficial effects. Probiotics may modulate the intestinal immune response through the stimulation of certain cytokine and IgA secretion in intestinal mucosa. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain used. Differences in indigenous intestinal microflora significantly alter the magnitude of the effects of a probiotic. Specific probiotic strains suitable for each animal species and their life stage as well as each individual should be found.     

The impact of probiotics on gut health via alternation of immune status of monogastric animals

The intestinal immune system is affected by various factors during its development, such as maternal antibodies, host genes, intestinal microbial composition and activity, and various stresses (such as weaning stress). Intestinal microbes may have an important impact on the development of the host immune system. Appropriate interventions such as probiotics may have a positive effect on intestinal immunity by regulating the composition and activity of intestinal microbes. Moreover, probiotics participate in the regulation of host health in many ways; for instance, by improving digestion and the absorption of nutrients, immune response, increasing the content of intestinal-beneficial microorganisms, and inhibiting intestinal-pathogenic bacteria, and they participate in regulating intestinal diseases in various ways. Probiotics are widely used as additives in livestock and the poultry industry and bring health benefits to hosts by improving intestinal microbes and growth performance, which provides more choices for promoting strong and efficient productivity.     

益生菌在犊牛中的应用与研究

犊牛在幼龄阶段时,其消化系统和免疫系统还未发育健全,腹泻发病率居高不下,从而导致犊牛的饲养难度增高。随着抗生素的副作用越来越明显,寻找抗生素替代物被提上议程。益生菌具有调节犊牛消化道微生态平衡、抑制病原微生物、增强胃肠道消化吸收及调节机体免疫等功能,能够起到提高犊牛生长性能、预防和治疗犊牛腹泻、降低犊牛发病率和死亡率的目的。但益生菌制剂的发展刚刚处于起始阶段,且益生菌在反刍动物方面的研究稀少,所以对益生菌制剂的研究尤为重要。本文对益生菌的功能机制及其在犊牛中的应用与研究作以综述。     

Probiotics in veterinary medicine: a review

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is a complex consisting of the intestinal epithelial cells, the mucosal immune cells and the endogenous microflora. Since a couple of years, probiotics are used in animal production to improve performance. But there are only few results available on the immune modulating effects of pro- and prebiotics in human and veterinary medicine. Recent studies are promising that pro- and prebiotics can be used as an alternative to conventional therapy with immune suppressive drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or dietary hypersensitivity. Yet further randomized and placebo-controlled studies are needed to clarify these mechanisms in vivo.     

Probiotic Use in Horses – What is the Evidence for Their Clinical Efficacy?

The gastrointestinal microbiota is extremely important for human and animal health. Investigations into the composition of the microbiota and its therapeutic modification have received increasing interest in human and veterinary medicine. Probiotics are a way of modifying the microbiota and have been tested to prevent and treat diseases. Probiotics are proposed to exert their beneficial effects through various pathways. Production of antimicrobial compounds targeting intestinal pathogens, general immune stimulation, and colonization resistance are among these mechanisms. Despite widespread availability and use, scientific, peer‐reviewed evidence behind commercial probiotic formulations in horses is limited. Additionally, quality control of commercial over‐the‐counter products is not tightly regulated. Although promising in vitro results have been achieved, in vivo health benefits have been more difficult to prove. Whether the ambiguous results are caused by strain selection, dosage selection or true lack of efficacy remains to be answered. Although these limitations exist, probiotics are increasingly used because of their lack of severe adverse effects, ease of administration, and low cost. This review summarizes the current evidence for probiotic use in equine medicine. It aims to provide veterinarians with evidence‐based information on when and why probiotics are indicated for prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in horses. The review also outlines the current state of knowledge on the equine microbiota and the potential of fecal microbial transplantation, as they relate to the topic of probiotics.     

益生素、寡糖对三黄鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

将1日龄广东三黄鸡160只，随机分成5组，即对照组，试验1组(添加0．3％的益生素)，试验2组(添加0．2％的寡糖)，试验3组(添加0．3％的益生素和0．2％的寡糖)，试验4组(添加0.2％的益生素和0．1％的寡糖)，研究益生素和寡糖对肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能的影响。结果表明：饲料中添加益生素或寡糖均能显著提高肉鸡的平均日增重、饲料转化率、免疫器官指数、白细胞吞噬率及新城疫抗体效价，降低肉鸡死亡率。寡糖的作用效果前4周较明显．而益生素4周后较明显。同时添加益生素和寡糖对提高肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能具有协同作用。