广西奶水牛业发展现状与建议

2005年广西存栏杂种母水牛21426头,其中能繁母牛11546头,占存栏母牛54%,产奶牛3214头,奶产量4664吨.2006年底存栏杂种母水牛26443头,同比增长23.4%,其中能繁母牛14574头,占存栏母牛的55%,同比增长26.2%,产奶牛3632头,同比增长13%,奶产量4898吨,同比增长5%.     

广西奶水牛业发展探析

基本情况广西是我国水牛饲养量最大的省区,约占全国水牛饲养量的1/5,多年来,各级党委政府带领科技人员和广大农民努力探索,为水牛奶业的开发打下了良好的基础。一、水牛存栏、杂交牛、挤奶牛群体数量较大2004年底,全区水牛饲养量达到505万头,其中:存栏414万头,能繁母牛170万头,杂交牛17.50万头,挤奶牛4000头,水牛年产奶6000吨,出栏91万头,分别占全国的21.29%、18.58%、19.29%、72.92%、14.29%、19.48%、63.07%;能繁母牛是全区乳牛存栏的109倍,水牛奶产量占2004年全区牛奶产量的8.21%。二、科技支撑成为广西奶水牛发展的巨大动力中国农业科学…     

加快广西养牛业发展的几点建议

2004年广西牛饲养量904万头,其中存栏735万头、出栏169万头,平均每头产肉90千克.存栏牛中的能繁母水牛170万头、能繁母黄牛130万头.     

广西养牛产业发展现状与建议

据统计,2006年底广西存栏牛725.73万头,其中能繁母牛299.10万头.出栏牛202.65万头,产牛肉18.25 万吨.牛奶产量6.22万吨.     

浅谈提高奶牛养殖经济效益的途径

据统计，截至2008年9月底广西存栏奶牛50946头，其中能繁母牛存栏31286头，奶产量43551吨。与兄弟省（区）比较，尚有较大差距。据调查，制约广西奶牛业发展因素诸多，其中主要是养奶牛技术含量高、生长周期长、原始饲养、经济效益不高。笔者根据多年来的研究、生产实践和体会，浅谈提高奶牛养殖经济效益的途径，供参考。     

我国肉类生产进出口贸易状况分析

一、2002年我国肉类生产稳定发展2002年我国肉类产量稳定增加。据全国30个省、自治区、直辖市畜牧行业部门统计 ,1～9月份我国肉类总产量为5089.2万吨 ,比2001年同期增加4.86%。其中猪肉产量达到3313.1万吨 ,同比增长3.33 % ;牛肉产量达到429.78万吨 ,同比增长6.09% ;羊肉产量达到226.96万吨 ,同比增长7.78 % ;禽肉产量达到1056.07万吨 ,同比增长6.78%。(一 )生猪存栏和出栏稳步增长 ,母猪比重上升2002年第三季度末我国生猪存栏数为46952.14万头 ,比2001年同期上升了1.07 % ,其中 ,能繁母猪存栏4093.82万头 ,比2001年同期提高3.57 %。能繁母…     

上半年我省肉蛋奶产量稳增

上半年,全省畜牧业总体形势向好,预计全省肉、蛋、奶产量分别达到189.7万吨、127万吨、49.6万吨,同比分别增长6%、3.3%、9%;畜牧业产值实现570亿元,增加值240亿元,同比增长10.3%和9.8%。上半年,我省生猪生产继续呈现良性发展势头,虽然猪肉价格起伏较大,但生猪价格避免了大起之后的大落。主要原因为生猪养殖数量增幅合理,预计到6月末,全省生猪存栏1450.6万头,其中能繁母猪存栏200.1万头、生猪出栏1230万头、猪肉产量101.5万吨,同比分别增长7.3%、3.7%、7%、6.9%。生猪养殖效益也好于预期,生产者信心充足。奶牛生产保持快速增长势头。预计到6月末,全省奶牛存栏39.6万头,同比增长8.6%。奶牛标准化规模养殖产能在上半年得到有效释放,全省累计建成配套设施完善、存栏200头以上的奶牛标准化养殖场(小区)978个,存栏奶牛30万头,全省奶牛标准化规模养殖比重接近80%。奶价再创新高,已由2009年最低时的2.22元/千克升至目前的3.5元/千克,上涨幅     

产犊性别对奶水牛产后发情受胎能力的影响

本文对３７６头在１９７８～１９９５年间产犊的么拉、尼里、杂种奶水牛的原始资料按产犊性别、产后首次发情天数、情期受胎率、下胎受孕情期数等四项指标进行了统计、分析。结果表明：产犊性别对尼里母牛的产后首次发情有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０５），对么拉、杂种母牛的下胎受孕情期数有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）；产公犊么拉、尼里母牛的第一情期受胎率比产母犊母牛分别低１２．４％和２０．０％，而产公犊杂种母牛的第一情期受胎率比产母犊母牛高１０．０％。产后３０天内发情母牛的第一情期受胎率最低，为３３．３％。产后６０～９０天内发情母牛的最高，为５０．８％     

南充市畜种畜群结构现状分析与对策研究

截至2014年12月底.南充市各种畜禽存栏量分别是:牛359.85万头,其中黄牛248.17万头,奶牛0.75万头,水牛10.41万头;猪.434.15万头:羊148.26万只,其中山羊148.26万只:家禽4331.76万只,其中鸡2773.97万只,鸭1195.87万只,鹅363.92万只;兔420.51万只。按标准单位折算后,2014年南充市全市畜禽存栏共有189.36个牛单位,其中,养猪业所占比重最大(占45.85%),受生猪价格走低的影响,增长缓慢;牛、羊、兔等草食牲畜发展较快,比重上升(21.02%),其中以黄牛增长速度较快(11.78%),奶牛和水牛呈负增长:家禽业养殖规模也有所增长(2.56%),主要是鸡相对增长量最大(3.41%),水禽养殖量有所下降。截至2014年底,南充市家畜中能繁母畜数量比例为:能繁母猪占10.10%,略低于全国同期水平:能繁母牛占56.36%,其中水牛60.32%,黄牛54.49%,奶牛63.15%:能繁山羊占62.09%。笔者分析了南充市畜种畜群结构存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策与建议。     

云南奶水牛业发展概况

本文简要概述了云南省奶水牛业的发展现状。云南省水牛存栏310万余头,其中能繁母牛约100万头,这些奶水牛耐高温、抵抗力强、耐粗饲,发病率低,水牛乳体细胞数低,其乳脂肪、乳蛋白、乳糖、乳脂固体的含量均很高,是加工制作高档奶酪的理想原料。云南有发展奶水牛的饲料、气候资源和市场区位优势,发展潜力巨大,但是也面临一系列难题和挑战,如水牛奶加工企业的龙头带动作用没有充分发挥、奶农自我发展能力弱、奶源基地建设缓慢等问题,本文对此提出一些应对措施和建议,供业界同仁参考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.