免疫金标试纸检测与正向间接血凝试验对昆明地区犬弓形虫血清学调查的对比

为了解昆明地区犬弓形虫的流行情况,采用免疫金标试纸和间接血凝试验(IHA)检测弓形虫的效果差异。实验采集258份血样,离心得到血清,将每1份血清平均分成A、B组,A组用免疫金标试纸检测,B组用正向间接血凝试验检测。结果表明:A组阳性样本血清74份,阳性率为28.68%;B组血清凝集价≥1:64的有68份,阳性率为26.37%。将A组血清样本按照犬来源进行统计分析,结果流浪犬的感染率远高于家养犬。说明昆明地区犬弓形虫普遍存在,免疫金标试纸的敏感性高于正向间接血凝试验的敏感性。     

3种犬细小病毒感染诊断方法比较

本研究应用犬细小病毒抗原快速检测试剂盒、血凝/血凝抑制试验和PCR方法对120份具有腹泻/呕吐症状的患犬粪便样本进行了犬细小病毒检测。结果显示,3种方法检测阳性份数分别为60,49,68。犬细小病毒抗原快速检测试剂盒与血凝/血凝抑制(HA/HI)试验相比较,敏感性、特异性及总符合率分别为100.0%,84.5%,90.8%;与PCR法相比较,敏感性、特异性及总符合率分别为85.3%,96.2%,90.0%。从试验结果看,HA/HI法具有较高的特异性,但敏感性较低;PCR具有高度敏感性和特异性,但不适合临床推广;细小病毒抗原快速检测试剂盒,在正确操作下结果可靠,是临床诊断犬细小病毒感染的首选方法。     

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎PCR方法的建立及应用

根据雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒(NGVEV)保守基因序列,设计合成一对引物并且进行PCR检测,扩增出预期的223 bp条带。该方法能在雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒BC07株中扩增到特异性片段,而鹅细小病毒、鸭瘟病毒、鹅副黏病毒的扩增结果均为阴性;敏感性试验表明该方法最低检出限量为2.5×10~(-1)EID_(50)。表明所建立的PCR方法具有敏感性高、特异性强的特点。可以用来检测雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎。     

免疫金标试纸检测与正向间接血凝试验对猪瘟免疫效果的评估对比

当前国内对猪瘟抗体水平检测方法有ELISA检测法、猪瘟正向间接血凝法以及免疫金标试纸检测法。前两种方法虽然都具有微量、特异、准确的优点,但需要比较完备的实验仪器和经验丰富的技术人员,且检测时间较长。而金标试纸条是新开发的一种全新猪瘟抗体检测方法,检测一个样品只需8～15min,操作简便、快速、直观、结果容易判定,但其应用检测结果的准确性尚待求证。鉴于这种情况,开展了免疫金标试纸检测与正向间接血凝试验两种检测方法的比较研究[1]。结果表明,免疫金标试纸检测与猪瘟正向间接血凝试验的结果基本符合,试验结果可靠。     

小鹅瘟和雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎二联PCR检测方法的建立

根据鹅细小病毒(GPV)和雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒(NGVEV)保守基因序列,分别设计合成了两对引物并且进行PCR检测,分别扩增出预期的375bp条带和223bp条带。然后,对混合样品进行二联PCR反应条件的优化试验。结果得到最佳退火温度54℃,并且清晰得到与试验设计相符的375bp(GPV)和223bp(NGVEV)两条特异性条带。特异性强,敏感性好。因此,此方法可以用来诊断小鹅瘟和雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎。     

猪圆环病毒2型抗体胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立

为建立便捷、快速检测猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)抗体的免疫层析方法,本研究利用G蛋白标记胶体金制备金标垫,以PCV2病毒样颗粒(VLPs)和兔Ig G分别作为检测线与质控线组装胶体金试纸条。检测结果显示,该试纸条与A型塞内卡病毒(SVA)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、伪狂犬病毒(PRV)等猪其它病毒抗体阳性血清无交叉反应,仅对PCV2抗体阳性血清具有高度的特异性;对PCV 2阳性血清最低检测限为1∶6 400稀释度,敏感性较高;批内、批间变异系数CV均小于5%,重复性较好。试纸条在4℃保存6个月,其特异性和敏感性无明显变化。对采集的100份临床血清样品进行检测,该方法与标准ELISA的总符合率为98%。表明本研究建立的PCV2抗体的胶体金免疫层析检测方法具有敏感、特异、稳定等特点,可以做为评价PCV2疫苗免疫效果及其感染筛查的检测方法。     

影响血凝和血凝抑制试验结果的因素

血凝试验(HA)和血凝抑制试验(HI)是目前兽医实验室常用的检测方法之一,用于禽流感和新城疫的毒株鉴定及血清中感染或免疫抗体的检测。此方法具有特异性好、操作方便、可同时进行大量样本试验、对试验环境要求不高等优点;但HA-HI也受很多因素的影响,其中一些因素甚至能严重影响试验结果,本文将这些因素总结如下,以供参考。     

水貂病毒性肠炎巢式PCR,PCR-RFLP联合诊断方法的建立

根据水貂肠炎细小病毒的VP2基因序列设计4条特异性引物,建立了检测水貂肠炎细小病毒的巢式PCR方法。采用一次扩增的敏感性来检测5个TCID50/mL的细小病毒MEVB株,二次扩增的敏感性来检测0.05个TCID50/mL的细小病毒MEVB株。同时,利用该方法第一轮PCR产物酶切,能够区分犬细小病毒与水貂肠炎细小病毒,具有重要的实用价值和应用的前景。     

免疫金标试纸法与正向间接血凝试验检测猪口蹄疫免疫效果探讨

当前国内检测猪口蹄疫抗体水平的方法有ELISA法、猪口蹄疫正向间接血凝法和免疫金标试纸法等。前两种方法虽然都具有微量、特异、准确的优点,但需要比较完备的试验仪器和经验丰富的技术人员,且检测时间较长。而免疫金标试纸检测法是新开发的一种全新的猪口蹄疫抗体检测方法,检测一个样品只需8～15min,操作简便、快速、直观,结果容易判定,但其检测结果的准确性尚待验证。鉴于此,为了选择一种切合远安县动物疫病防控实际的     

禽流感血凝和血凝抑制试验的影响因素分析

禽流感严重危害我国的养禽业,疫苗免疫是目前预防和控制禽流感发生的最有效手段,免疫后抗体水平的高低直接关系到实际的免疫效果,因而免疫抗体监测操作技术的准确性、有效性、可靠性对禽流感防控工作起着不可忽视的作用。禽流感免疫抗体水平监测一般采用血凝和血凝抑制试验(HA-HI试验),经济、操作简便和容易量化是该试验方法的优点,但影响试验结果的因素也较多,导致HA-HI试验结果失真,下面将就禽流感血凝和血凝抑制试验的影响因素浅析如下。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.