水貂细小病毒性肠炎灭活疫苗(MEVB株)效力检验用实验动物抗体效价的对比研究

为了变更"水貂细小病毒性肠炎灭活疫苗(MEVB株)"质量标准中效力检验用的试验动物,试验采用血凝抑制试验方法,对比检验水貂细小病毒性肠炎灭活疫苗(MEVB株)对水貂和兔产生的抗体效价水平。结果表明:水貂和兔接种疫苗后14～180天的血清HI抗体水平差异不显著(P0. 05),均达到效力检验质量标准要求。用兔替代水貂进行水貂细小病毒性肠炎灭活疫苗(MEVB株)的效力实验的抗体监测科学、方便、可行。     

5株水貂阿留申病毒的分离与鉴定

为给水貂阿留申病疫苗的研制奠定基础,对疑似感染阿留申病死亡的水貂内脏处理后,接种猫肾传代细胞（CRFK）分离病毒,并对分离的毒株进行PCR鉴定及动物回归试验。与此同时,首次应用免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞实验（IPMA）对所分离的水貂阿留申病毒进行TCID50的测定。结果成功分离并鉴定出5株水貂阿留申病毒株,分别命名为ADV-DL124、ADV-DL125、ADV-ZJ3、ADV-QD2、ADV-QD3,各分离株的TCID50分别为105.7TCID50/ml、105.0TCID50/ml、104.6 TCID50/mL、105.2 TCID50/mL、104.1 TCID50/mL。动物回归实验显示,所分离的病毒对水貂具有致病性,为水貂阿留申病毒强毒株。     

猪瘟病毒猪细小病毒猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒猪伪狂犬病病毒多重PCR方法的建立以及初步应用

猪瘟病毒、猪细小病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒及猪伪狂犬病病毒均能导致猪繁殖障碍,对养猪生产影响很大。本研究通过设计4对针对这4种病毒的特异引物建立了多重PCR方法,分别对其最佳反应条件、特异性及敏感性进行了测定,结果表明:其敏感性可达到CSFV 10 TCID50,PPV 10TCID50,PRRSV 1 TCID50,PRV 100 TCID50 CSFV 10TCID50,PPV 10TCID50,PRRSV 1 TCID50,PRV 100 TCID50。同时具有较好的特异性,对猪瘟病毒石门株、猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株、PRV闽南A株、PPV弱毒疫苗株、PRRSV KY 35株及PRRSV B13株6个毒株均能扩增出相应的片段,而BVDV、BDV均未扩增出相应的片段。本方法的建立对于这4种病毒病的早期快速检测具有十分重要的意义。     

适合于我国使用的水貂细小病毒性肠炎灭活疫苗

水貂细小病毒性肠炎灭活疫苗（MEVB株）是由中国农业科学院特产研究所、吉林特研生物技术有限责任公司共同研究开发的用于预防水貂细小病毒性肠炎的疫苗,该疫苗针对我国水貂细小病毒流行型——“B型”引起的肠炎而研制,相关试验表明,该疫苗能安全、有效地预防水貂细小病毒性肠炎,2009年12月11日被农业部批准为国家三类新兽药,证书编号为（2009）新兽药证字39号。     

MEV、ADV和CAV三种病毒多重PCR检测方法的建立

建立一种同时检测貂肠炎病毒(MEV)、貂阿留申病毒(ADV)和犬腺病毒(CAV)的多重PCR诊断方法.引用已有的CAV引物,并根据GenBank发表的MEV、ADV序列保守区域设计特异性引物进行PCR扩增,可同时得到扩增长度为795(MEV)、451(ADV)、1 019 bp(CAV)3奈特异性片段,对猪细小病毒(PPV),犬瘟热病毒(CDV)进行PCR检测结果为阴性.各种模板、引物之间相互不构成干扰.敏感性试验证明,可以检测到模板中MEV 101.5 TCID50和CAV 100.5 TCID50的病毒含量,对ADV检测的敏感性更高.     

水貂阿留申病毒纳米PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

为建立便捷、灵敏的水貂阿留申病病毒(AMDV)纳米PCR检测方法,根据AMDV NS1基因的保守序列设计一对特异性引物,对纳米PCR反应的退火温度、胶体金浓度进行了优化;测序检测扩增基因是否发生变异;对特异性和灵敏度进行了评估。结果表明,此纳米PCR的最佳退火温度为51℃,普通PCR为55℃;加入胶体金最佳浓度在0.2~0.8nmol·L-1,纳米PCR与普通PCR产物测序相似性大于99%。特异性检测表明该纳米PCR方法只扩增AMDV而不能扩增犬瘟热病毒和水貂肠炎细小病毒。在粪尿样品检测中该纳米PCR敏感性比普通PCR高10倍。检测40份临床样品,结果表明该方法比对流免疫电泳检测敏感性提高,从而为用粪、尿等低病毒样品检测水貂阿留申病提供了一种新的有效方法。     

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎PCR方法的建立及应用

根据雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒(NGVEV)保守基因序列,设计合成一对引物并且进行PCR检测,扩增出预期的223 bp条带。该方法能在雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒BC07株中扩增到特异性片段,而鹅细小病毒、鸭瘟病毒、鹅副黏病毒的扩增结果均为阴性;敏感性试验表明该方法最低检出限量为2.5×10~(-1)EID_(50)。表明所建立的PCR方法具有敏感性高、特异性强的特点。可以用来检测雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎。     

猪细小病毒PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据已报道猪细小病毒基因组序列,设计合成了一对特异引物,通过对影响PCR扩增因素的筛选,确定PCR检测的最佳条件,成功扩增出预期的1980bp片断。特异性和敏感性试验结果发现:该方法特异、敏感,可以检测到0.9TCID50、0.001个HA的病毒。用该方法对用ZH株免疫妊娠母猪后第7、14、21天血液及胎儿样品进行检测,在血液和所采组织样品中均未检测到PPV病毒抗原,说明ZH株免疫后不产生病毒血症,也不能通过胎盘垂直传染给仔猪。     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测犬细小病毒方法的建立

旨在建立一种利用环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)检测犬细小病毒感染的新方法。根据Gen-Bank中犬细小病毒(CPV)VP2基因序列,设计4条LAMP特异性引物,对反应条件、特异性、敏感性、可视化效果和应用效果进行研究。结果显示,在65℃等温条件下、1h内可完成LAMP扩增过程;病毒的最低检出限量为10-2个TCID50/mL;特异性和可视效果良好;对36份临床标本进行检测,阳性检出率为80.5%(29/36),检出率高于普通PCR 72.2%(26/36)。建立的LAMP检测方法,显示了较高的特异性和敏感性,而且兼具高效、快捷、可视化的优势,为临床检测犬细小病毒感染提供了一种快速简便的新方法。     

貂圆环病毒PCR检测方法的建立

根据本实验室获得的貂圆环病毒Cap基因序列设计了1对特异性引物,建立了PCR检测方法。利用该方法对猪细小病毒、貂肠炎病毒、犬细小病毒、猪圆环病毒、貂阿留申病毒,大肠杆菌等病原核酸进行扩增,均无条带出现,表明该方法具有较高的特异性;敏感性实验表明,该方法最低能检测到病毒核酸量为10μg/L。利用所建立的PCR方法检测采自大连的72份样品,结果阳性率为59.7%,表明貂圆环病毒在大连水貂养殖场的感染率较高。     

Nested PCR检测狂犬病病毒方法的建立及病毒在小鼠体内的移行动态

应用建立的Nested PCR特异地检出狂犬病病毒株CVC、HEP-Flury、ERA、RC-HL、1008、Komatsug-awa的RNA,但对类狂犬病病毒Lagos bat、Duvenhage、Mokola及水泡性口膜炎病毒、轮状病毒、犬瘟热病毒均为阴性。该法敏感性很高,能检出3 TCID50或0.8pg的狂犬病病毒RNA。用该法测定了小鼠脑内感染CVS株后的病毒增殖和移行动态,对感染小鼠的主要内脏器官进行了病毒RNA检测,结果发现小鼠脑内感染CVS 5 d以后在其心、肝、脾、肺等内脏器官均检出了病毒RNA。     

Comparison of the Immunofluorescence Assay with RT-PCR and Nested PCR in the Diagnosis of Canine Distemper

Two pairs of primers were prepared, both localized within the sequences of the nucleoprotein gene (NP) of canine distemper virus (CDV). A number of experiments were done to optimize the conditions of RT-PCR and nested PCR methods. The nucleic acids of the Onderstepoort, Rockborn, Snyder Hill and Lederle strains of CDV could be detected with these primers. However, they did not react with the sequences of the Edmonston strain of the measles virus. The detection limit for RT-PCR was 10 TCID50 and for nested PCR 0.1 TCID50 of CDV. The RT-PCR was able to demonstrate the nucleic acid of CDV in the blood of all seven puppies vaccinated with a modified live virus. Blood samples of 23 dogs clinically suspected of distemper were examined by RT-PCR combined with nested PCR, and the results were compared with the detection of the CDV antigen in the smears from the mucous membranes by the direct immunofluorescence (IF) test. Of the 23 dogs, 12 were positive in nested PCR, six in the IF assay, and only two in single RT-PCR. It is concluded that nested PCR seems to be the most sensitive method for ante-mortem diagnosis of canine distemper, especially in its subacute or chronic forms.     

鸭疱疹病毒1型套式PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立一种快速鸭疱疹病毒1型(Anatid herpesvirus 1,AHV-1),又名鸭肠炎病毒(duck enteritis virus,DEV)病原检测方法,本研究根据GenBank上登录的DEV基因序列,设计合成内、外2对引物,建立了检测DEV的套式PCR方法。该方法对正常鸭胚、健康鸭肝肠组织、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、减蛋综合征病毒、鸭肝炎病毒和新城疫病毒的扩增结果均为阴性;该方法第1次扩增的敏感性是10 ng,第2次扩增的敏感性是0.1 ng,第2次比第1次扩增的敏感性高100倍。建立的套式PCR方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性,可以准确快速检测出极低含量的DEV,将为鸭病毒性肠炎的病原检测及分子流行病学调查等提供一种高效、快速、特异、灵敏的检测方法。     

水貂肠炎细小病毒的分离鉴定及其VP2基因的序列分析

本试验从疑似细小病毒感染的病死水貂中分离到1株病毒。经PCR鉴定、细胞培养、蛋白质电泳鉴定最终确定为水貂肠炎细小病毒(MEV),命名为MEV-WFD。对该分离病毒的衣壳蛋白VP2基因进行克隆测序分析,结果表明此病毒VP2基因3处碱基发生点突变,其中一处的突变导致第328处氨基酸残基由疏水性丙氨酸(Ala)变为亲水性苏氨酸(Thr)。将此株病毒VP2基因与GenBank上公布的所有MEV的VP2基因碱基序列进行同源性比较及进化树分析,结果表明该病毒与ZYL-1、MEV/LN/-10和Manzhouli的VP2基因同源率最高,为99.8%;进化树构建结果表明,该病毒与6株已公布的病毒属于同一进化分支。     

Rapid detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in the semen of infected bulls by a nested polymerase chain reaction assay.

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) in bovine semen and compared with the virus isolation method. When extended semen, commonly used in the bovine artificial insemination industry, was inoculated with BHV-1, the PCR assay detected BHV-1 DNA in semen inoculated at 0.25-2.5 TCID50 per 0.5 mL. In contrast, the lower limit of detection for virus isolation was 250 TCID50 of BHV-1 inoculated in 0.5 mL of extended semen. These methods were also used to detect BHV-1 in the semen of four bulls which were experimentally infected with BHV-1. All infected bulls demonstrated balanitis at 3 d post-inoculation (DPI) and severe balanoposthitis at 4 DPI. BHV-1 was detected in raw semen by virus isolation and PCR at 2 DPI, before balanitis was evident. For virus isolation, the last day that BHV-1 was detected during primary infection was 7 DPI for two bulls and 9 and 11 DPI for the other two bulls. In contrast, PCR detected BHV-1 in the bulls' semen until 14 or 18 DPI. For individual animals, PCR detected BHV-1 during primary infection for at least 1-10 d longer than virus isolation. Reactivation of BHV-1 from latency without the presence of visible lesions was promoted twice by two series of 5 d dexamethasone injections. For the first series of dexamethasone treatments, a positive virus isolation result was obtained on the 5th d of treatment for only one bull. In contrast, two bulls demonstrated evidence of viral reactivation on this day by PCR. All bulls shed BHV-1 in semen on d 4 after dexamethasone treatment, as evidenced by positive virus isolation and PCR results. One bull was still PCR positive 13 d later. For the second series of dexamethasone treatments, a small amount of virus was isolated from semen collected on d 3 or 4 after treatment for two bulls but not from the other two bulls. In contrast, semen samples from all bulls were PCR positive for either or both of these 2 d. In total, from 80 semen samples, 45 were PCR positive and 26 were virus isolation positive. Thus, the PCR assay detected BHV-1 shedding in bulls earlier, more often, and for a longer duration, than did the virus isolation method.     

A rapid and sensitive PCR-based diagnostic assay to detect bovine herpesvirus 1 in routine diagnostic submissions

We describe a rapid, sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of BHV1 DNA in a range of routine diagnostic submissions without the need for prior virus isolation. The assay, which is based on the selected amplification of a portion of the viral tk gene, detected both BHV1.1 and BHV1.2 subtypes in a panel of 15 characterised field isolates, and its sensitivity was estimated to be <0.125 TCID(50). BHV2, alcephaline herpesvirus, BHV4, equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1), EHV4 and pseudorabies virus were not detected confirming the specificity of the assay. One hundred and five diagnostic submissions, including tissues, nasal secretions and nasal swabs were taken from cattle with respiratory disease and tested using the routine methods of virus isolation (VI) and the fluorescent antibody test (FAT), and the results were compared with those obtained by PCR. The PCR assay detected BHV1 DNA in all samples that were positive by VI. BHV1 DNA was also detectable by PCR in raw and extended semen samples at a sensitivity of 1 TCID(50) per 50microl. The assay also detected BHV5, permitting differentiation between it and BHV1 by virtue of the size of the amplified PCR product. The PCR assay is more sensitive and independent of sample quality than either virus isolation or FAT, and it is faster than virus isolation. The sample preparation method is simple with few steps involved. There are no extra post-amplification blotting/hybridisation steps and the assay is not based on a nested PCR strategy that might otherwise exacerbate the problem of oversensitivity/contamination in the routine use of such a test in a diagnostic laboratory. This assay would permit discrimination between those animals naturally infected with wild type BHV1 and those vaccinated with tk-BHV1 strains.     

Comparison of dot blot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and virus isolation for detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) in artificially infected bovine semen.

Bovine semen samples spiked with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) were used to compare dot blot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virus isolation for detection of BHV-1 in bovine semen. The PCR amplification used primers targeting the BHV-1 thymidine kinase gene and a nucleic acid releasing cocktail (GeneReleaser); the PCR product was used as the DNA probe in dot blot hybridization; virus isolation was done in primary bovine fetal testis (BFT) cell cultures. Semen diluted 1:20 in tissue culture medium had the least cytotoxicity and inhibition of viral cytopathic effects in BFT cells, allowing detection of 1 TCID50/100 microL of BHV-1 suspension by virus isolation. The presence of foreign DNA such as bovine sperm DNA or salmon sperm DNA increased the sensitivity of dot blot hybridization in detecting BHV-1, allowing detection of 20,000 TCID50/100 microL of neat semen. The inhibition of PCR amplification of BHV-1 DNA in bovine semen was eliminated by diluting the samples 1:20 in tissue culture medium. The best PCR amplification was obtained when semen was diluted 1:20 and when a reaction buffer of pH 9.0, with 1.0 mM MgCl2 was used. Under these conditions, the PCR followed by ethidium bromide staining of agarose gels could detect 1 TCID20/100 microL of sample, whereas PCR followed by Southern blot hybridization could detect 0.01 TCID50/100 microL of sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Studies on the carriage and transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by individual houseflies (Musca domestica)

The objectives of the study were to determine the site of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in individual houseflies, to assess whether an individual housefly could transmit PRRSV to a susceptible pig, and to compare the ability of PCR, virus isolation and a pig bioassay to detect PRRSV in houseflies. In the first experiment 26 houseflies were fed on a pig infected experimentally with PRRSV; 13 were processed as a whole fly homogenate, while an exterior surface wash and a gut homogenate were collected from the other 13. Infectious PRRSV was recovered from nine of the whole fly homogenates, 12 of the gut homogenates and one of the exterior surface washes. In the second experiment, two of 10 individual houseflies, which had fed on an infected pig, transmitted PRRSV to a susceptible pig in a controlled manual transmission protocol. In the third experiment, single flies or pools of 30 flies were immersed in different concentrations of a PRRSV inoculum, then tested by PCR, virus isolation and bioassay. The virus was detected at a concentration of 10(1) TCID50/ml by PCR, 10(2) TCID50/ml by the bioassay and 10(3) TCID50/ml by virus isolation.     

猪脑心肌炎病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒二重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)3D基因和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)N蛋白基因序列设计合成了两对特异性引物,经过PCR反应条件的优化,建立了EMCV和PRRSV二重RT-PCR方法,其PCR产物大小分别为286 bp和390 bp,并具有EMCV和PRRSV特征序列。该方法对EMCV和PRRSV的最低检测量分别为10×TC ID50和1×TC ID50;而对乙型脑炎病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪伪狂犬病毒的PCR检测结果均为阴性;20份临床发病仔猪样品检测结果为PRRSV阳性者15份,EMCV阳性者3份,证明我国存在EMCV感染。该方法敏感、特异,可用于EMCV和PRRSV感染的检测。