牧草 研究木地肤幼苗细胞膜透性和酶系统对盐胁迫的适应性研究

通过不同浓度的盐胁迫对木地肤Kochia prostrata幼苗细胞膜透性、丙二醛和3种保护酶活性的测定,获得以下结果：随着盐浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,幼苗叶片的细胞膜透性呈递增趋势,且浓度≥150 mmol/L时,细胞膜透性与对照有极显著差异（P＜0.01）。丙二醛含量随胁迫强度和时间的增加而增加,且浓度≥300 mmol/L时,丙二醛（MDA）含量迅速增加（P＜0.05）。幼苗中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性在400 mmol/L处理下呈递减外,其它处理均呈先升后降趋势,且当质量分数≥200 mmol/L时,与对照差异显著（P＜0.05）;过氧化物酶（POD）活性变化比较缓和,仅在第25天与对照呈现极显著差异（P＜0.01）,且浓度＜400 mmol/L时,POD活性与对照均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性变化趋势与SOD酶活性相似,呈先升后降的趋势。     

菊芋内生固氮菌分离、鉴定及特性研究

通过气相色谱,结合乙炔还原法,对菊芋根系的内生固氮菌进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明,筛选得到的7株具有固氮酶活性的菌株,分别属于根瘤菌属,寡养单胞菌属,假单胞菌属和肠杆菌属。菌株之间固氮酶活性相差较大,固氮酶活性较高的菌株较少,100 nmol/(mL·h)以上的只有cho1和cho9两株菌。菌株cho4的耐盐性较高,可以在盐浓度为7%的条件下正常生长。分离得到的菌株中,有5株具有解磷活性,其中以菌株cho7的活性最高,为63.84 μg/mL。菌株全部都具有分泌生长素的能力,但差异较大,分泌IAA浓度最高的是cho2,达到13.49 μg/mL。     

淹水对粤选1号匍匐翦股颖保护酶活性的影响

淹水1~5 d对粤选1号匍匐翦股颖及原品种Penncross叶片膜脂过氧化与保护酶活性影响的研究结果表明,2品种叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量随植株淹水时间延长先升后降,粤选1号仅在淹水3 d时MDA含量略高于Penncross,其余时间均低于Penncross。2品种叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随植株淹水时间延长呈下降趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性为先升后降,但淹水期间粤选1号匍匐翦股颖叶片保护酶(SOD,POD和CAT)活性远高于Penncross。     

盐爪爪种子萌发期抗盐性研究

为了解盐爪爪（Kalidium foliatum）种子分别在NaCl和Na₂SO₄胁迫下种子萌发期的抗盐性,本试验采用发芽盒进行种子萌发出苗试验,测定盐爪爪种子在不同浓度（0,50,100,200,300,400 mmol·L^-1）NaCl和Na₂SO₄胁迫下的萌发率、发芽势、发芽指数、根茎比以及幼苗可溶性蛋白、抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：盐爪爪种子在NaCl和Na₂SO₄浓度均为50 mmol·L^-1时萌发率最高,当盐浓度大于100 mmol·L^-1时萌发率开始下降;盐爪爪种子发芽势随盐浓度增加而下降,幼苗根茎比以及发芽指数随盐浓度增加呈现先升后降趋势。在NaCl和Na₂SO₄胁迫下,盐爪爪幼苗体内可溶性蛋白含量随盐浓度增加呈上升趋势;超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）酶活性呈现出先上升后下降趋势,过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）酶活性呈下降趋势。综合分析表明,盐爪爪种子在盐浓度小于100 mmol·L^-1时能正常萌发出苗;盐爪爪幼苗可通过增加体内可溶性蛋白含量、SOD和POD酶活性来抵御盐对其产生的危害。     

四脊裸胞壳Dh菌株侵染对钩麦蛾幼虫体内保护酶的影响

对四脊裸胞壳(Emericella quadrilineata)Dh菌株侵染苜蓿钩麦蛾(Aproaerema anthylidella Hübner)幼虫后其症状、体内保护酶活力进行研究,以期为害虫生物防治提供依据。结果表明:用菌悬液为5×107个/mL孢子处理,幼虫校正死亡率达88.38%;感病虫体表皮发黑,保湿后体壁受害部长出大量Dh菌株的菌丝和分生孢子;感病幼虫体内过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先下降后上升趋势,但POD酶活性上升程度较CAT酶活性大;而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈平稳上升趋势;从整体上看,用Dh菌株处理后钩麦蛾幼虫体内的3种保护酶的活性随时间的延长而呈上升的趋势。     

不同基质传代白僵菌菌株胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶产生水平与菌株对桑天牛幼虫毒力的关系

研究了对桑天牛幼虫具有不同致病力的各种传代白僵菌菌株胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶的产生水平,并分析其与菌株致病力变化的关系。结果表明:不同基质传代菌株随着培养时间的延长,胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性逐渐升高,达到最高值后基本趋于稳定,几丁质酶产生时间要滞后于胞外蛋白酶;通过寄主桑天牛幼虫传代的白僵菌菌株比通过普通查氏培养基传代的菌株具有更强的产酶能力;不同菌株胞外蛋白酶和几丁质酶产生水平与菌株毒力有一定相关性,尤其是产酶高峰值与菌株的LC50呈显著相关性,可将其作为菌株初步筛选的参考性毒力指标。     

绵羊瘤胃微生物CMCase酶促反应最适条件研究

试验系统地测定了绵羊瘤胃微生物细胞内和细胞外羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)酶促反应的最佳条件,包括最适pH值、底物用量、酶量、反应时间和反应温度。结果发现:当pH值介于4.5～6.0之间时,CMCase活力无显著差异,其中胞外CMCase在pH值为5.5时活力最高,胞内CMCase在pH值为5.0时活力最高;随着底物用量的增加,酶活力极显著增加(P<0.01),并在10mg时达到最大值;酶量在0.25ml时,胞内CMCase活力达到最大值,而胞外CMCase则在0.5ml时最高;随着反应时间的延长,CMCase活力均逐渐下降,无论是胞外还是胞内CMCase,反应10min时即达到最高活力,且在胞外同其它组比较差异极显著(P<0.01),在胞内显著高于反应30～60min时的活力;胞内和胞外CMCase活力均在45℃时最高。     

模拟酸雨胁迫对罗汉果幼苗生理特性的影响

以罗汉果幼苗为材料,研究不同pH值(2.5,3,4,5)及pH 5.6(CK)对罗汉果幼苗丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量及CAT、POD、SOD活性的影响。结果表明：各模拟酸雨处理罗汉果幼苗中MDA含量随pH值的降低而升高。罗汉果幼苗叶绿素含量、CAT活性随pH值的减小而显著降低。当pH值大于4时,罗汉果幼苗可溶性蛋白含量随pH值的增大而显著增强,罗汉果幼苗体内POD和SOD活性随pH值增大而降低,当pH值小于4时,随pH值的减小罗汉果幼苗可溶性蛋白含量、POD和SOD活性显著降低。当PH值等于4时,罗汉果幼苗可溶性蛋白含量最高,POD和SOD活性最强。CAT、POD、SOD活性与MDA含量呈极显著负相关,可溶性蛋白与这三种酶呈极显著正相关,叶绿素含量与POD、SOD活性呈极显著正相关。     

猪霍乱沙门菌胞外产物的核酸酶活性及其对巨噬细胞胞外诱捕网形成的影响

旨在探究猪霍乱沙门菌胞外产物的核酸酶活性及其对巨噬细胞胞外诱捕网形成的影响。采用平板培养法、琼脂糖凝胶电泳法和琼脂扩散法观察猪霍乱沙门菌胞外产物降解λDNA的活性，同时，分析不同温度、pH和金属离子对胞外产物核酸酶活性的影响以及胞外产物对巨噬细胞胞外诱捕网形成的影响。猪霍乱沙门菌胞外产物具有降解λDNA的DNA酶活性，高温和酸性条件抑制DNA酶的活性，活性最适温度和pH分别为42℃和9.0，且胞外产物的核酸酶可被60℃以上的温度灭活。添加Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺和Ni²⁺对胞外产物切割λDNA的活性没有影响；5.00和10.00 mmol·L^-1的Ba²⁺、Mg²⁺和Mn²⁺可提高胞外产物的DNA酶活性；0.01~1.00 mmol·L^-1的Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺对胞外产物的DNA酶活性具有促进作用，但Co²⁺则表现出抑制作用。荧光显微镜和定量分析均显示，猪霍乱沙门菌不能刺激巨噬细胞释放胞外诱捕网，而猪霍乱沙门菌胞外产物可显著降解白色念珠菌刺激巨噬细胞形成的胞外诱捕网。本研究证实了猪霍乱沙门菌胞外产物的DNA酶活性，为进一步探究胞外产物在猪霍乱沙门菌感染与宿主免疫互作中的作用提供参考。     

盐胁迫对两种草坪草抗性生理生化指标影响的研究

不同NaCl胁迫处理对盆栽草地早熟禾和多年生黑麦草生理生化指标的研究表明,随盐胁迫浓度的提高,超氧化物酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶的活性和脯氨酸含量增加,在中等盐浓度时达到最大值,之后随盐浓度的增大酶活性又开始下降;随盐浓度的提高,绿叶相对生长量下降、质膜相对电导率提高;与多年生黑麦草相比,盐胁迫下草地早熟禾的绿叶相对生长量、SOD酶、CAT酶活性和脯氨酸含量均高于后者,质膜相对电导率则低于后者,特别是在中高度盐胁迫时.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.