牛乳铁蛋白肽基因LfcinB的合成及真核表达载体的构建

根据APD抗菌肽数据库报道的牛乳铁蛋白肽LfcinB氨基酸序列,合成编码LfcinB基因的2条互补的寡核苷酸链,退火后在5′端和3′端分别形成含有BamH I和Xho I位点粘性末端的双链DNA。真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（+）经BamH I 和Xho I限制性内切酶双酶切处理后与合成的LfcinB基因进行连接,连接产物转化E.coli DH5α感受态细胞,提取质粒DNA进行测序。测序结果显示,牛乳铁蛋白肽LfcinB基因成功克隆到pcDNA3.1（+）真核表达载体中,为进一步表达和抗菌活性研究奠定物质基础。     

真核表达质粒pcDNA.3.1(+)-ACE2的构建及其在CHO细胞中的表达

为了构建pcDNA.3.1(+)-血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)真核表达质粒并检测在中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞中的表达,从羊肾脏中提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增出ACE2基因,后将其与pcDNA3.1载体进行连接重组,构建pcDNA3.1(+)-ACE2真核表达质粒,经HindⅢ、XhoⅠ限制性内切酶双酶切及DNA序列测序分析等方法验证后,通过Lipofectamine 3000脂质体介导转染至CHO细胞,Western blot法检验ACE2基因在蛋白质水平上的表达。结果显示:RT-PCR扩增出大小约为2 200 bp特异ACE2基因片段,连接获得的pcDNA3.1(+)-ACE2重组体经HindⅢ、XhoⅠ酶切后分别出现约2 200 bp和5 000 bp片段,测序分析与Gen Bank上公布的结果完全一致,表明成功克隆了重组pcDNA3.1(+)-ACE2真核表达质粒,Western blot检测显示该pcDNA3.1(+)-ACE2能在CHO细胞中表达。本研究成功构建了pcDNA3.1(+)-ACE2真核表达质粒,并证实其能在CHO中表达,为后续探究ACE2蛋白活性及其作用的研究奠定了基础。     

两段牛乳铁蛋白肽基因在乳酸乳球菌中的共表达

根据乳酸乳球菌密码子的偏嗜性,优化设计并合成牛乳铁蛋白肽的两段基因序列LFcinB和LFampin,将其与乳酸乳球菌表达载体pAMJ399分别用SalⅠ和BglⅡ双酶切后进行连接,并电转化至乳酸乳球菌MG1363中,经酶切鉴定表明获得带有两段牛乳铁蛋白肽基因的重组乳酸乳球菌pAMJ399-LFcinBA/MG1363。结果表明,优化表达条件,在GM17培养基中添加3.8%的β-甘油磷酸二钠可以获得表达重组蛋白的适宜pH,West-ern-blot检测可见重组蛋白大小约13 ku,表明牛乳铁蛋白肽在重组乳酸乳球菌中获得了表达。     

四环素诱导的猪黑素皮质激素受体-4基因真核表达载体的构建

猪黑素皮质激素受体-4(melanocortin-4 receptor,MC4R)基因是影响猪生长肥育的主效基因之一,为了进一步研究MC4R基因的生物学功能,制备高成活率转基因猪,通过采用条件性诱导表达载体系统,PCR方法扩增了猪MC4R基因完整编码区,四环素诱导表达系统(Tet-on)的启动子调控区与转录调节元件。采用双酶切和连接等方法将上述元件连接到pcDNA3.1(+)上,构建了重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-rtTA-P_Tight-MC4R。经双酶切和测序鉴定,结果显示片段正向连接且片段全长测序正确。试验成功构建了四环素诱导的pcDNA3.1(+)-rtTA-P_Tight-MC4R真核表达载体, 并能在时间特异性方面调控MC4R基因的表达。     

牛乳腺β-酪蛋白基因的克隆及其表达载体的构建

利用高保真PCR法,分别扩增了牛乳腺β-酪蛋白基因的1.8和1.1 kb的5′和3′调控序列,将其分别克隆入TA载体。经PCR验证后测序,用NCBI Blast软件分析表明其克隆片断与奶牛β-酪蛋白基因相应区域同源性分别为97.0%和99.0%,表明成功克隆了酪蛋白基因5′和3′的调控区。然后利用DNA重组技术依次亚克隆入改造过的真核表达载体pcDNA3（切除CMV启动子）,构建成牛乳腺特异表达载体。获得的重组载体经限制性内切酶酶切鉴定,测序验证等表明,成功构建了牛乳腺特异表达载体。     

牛乳铁蛋白基因N-lobe的cDNA克隆及毕赤酵母表达载体的构建

以牛乳腺组织总RAN为模板,经RT-PCR得到牛乳铁蛋白基因的N-lobe片段并将其克隆到pGM-T克隆载体上,最后将其连入表达载体pPICZαA中,构建牛乳铁蛋白基因N-lobe的酵母表达载体.结果表明:克隆片段大小为1028bp,与Gen Bank中登录的序列的相应部位相比, 所获牛乳铁蛋白N-lobe cDNA 序列的同源性为99.7%;重组表达质粒经酶切和PCR鉴定构建正确,为酵母表达乳铁蛋白基因N-lobe奠定了基础.     

猪新基因CFL2真核表达载体的构建及在C2C12细胞中的瞬时表达

从猪的股二头肌中提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术从猪骨骼肌中获得CFL2基因的编码区序列,T-A克隆至PMD-18T载体,经HindⅢ和XhoⅠ酶切后定向克隆至真核表达载体pCDNA3.1(+)中。获得的重组质粒pCDNA3.1(+)/CFL2用限制性内切酶酶切分析和DNA测序分析鉴定,并经脂质体瞬时转染C2C12细胞,最后利用PCR检测转基因细胞中CFL2基因的存在及其表达情况。结果显示:猪CFL2基因已克隆到真核表达载体pCDNA3.1(+)中,转染的C2C12细胞中检测到细胞内较高量CFL2的表达。pCDNA3.1(+)/CFL2真核表达载体的成功构建,为深入研究CFL2基因在猪肌肉细胞中的功能奠定基础,为猪肉质品质的改良提供了新的思路。     

猪食欲肽受体2基因真核表达质粒的构建及其表达

构建带有myc标签和Kozak序列的猪食欲肽受体2(OX2R)基因的真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-myc/OX2R,观察在HEK293T真核细胞中的表达。设计带有酶切位点(HindⅢ和XbaⅠ)的特异性引物,采用RT-PCR技术从猪的下丘脑中扩增OX2R基因,并克隆入pcDNA3.1(+)质粒中。用限制性内切酶酶切分析及测序分析证明构建成功后,用脂质体法转染HEK293T细胞,蛋白质印迹法检测OX2R基因的表达。结果,成功构建了带有myc标签和Kozak序列的pcDNA3.1(+)-myc/OX2R重组质粒,蛋白质印迹法检测该质粒可在真核细胞中表达。本研究为将来研究猪食欲肽受体2的功能奠定基础。     

贵州白香猪γ-干扰素真核表达质粒的构建

为了构建贵州白香猪γ-干扰素真核表达载体,试验以已构建的含有γ-干扰素基因的pMD-GZ-IFN-γ质粒为模版,利用特异性引物进行PCR扩增,得到大小为501 bp的γ-干扰素基因的开放阅读框,将所得IFN-γ基因克隆至经相同双酶切处理后的pcDNA3.1(+)真核表达载体中,构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-IFN-γ。测序结果表明:克隆至pcDNA3.1(+)的基因序列为γ-干扰素序列,说明γ-干扰素基因真核表达载体构建成功。     

水貂源犬瘟热病毒F基因真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

通过T-A克隆技术,成功地构建了克隆载体PMD-18T-CDVF,用KpnI和BamHI双酶切克隆质粒PMD-18T-CDVF后,回收F基因,并将此基因定向克隆至相同双酶切回收后的pcDNA3.1真核表达载体中,获得重组质粒pcDNA3.1-CDVF。经DNA测序、限制性内切酶分析和PCR鉴定,证实成功地构建了重组质粒,从而为研究犬瘟热新型疫苗奠定了基础。     

青海省湟中县牦牛病毒性腹泻5种相关病原的检测与分析

为了掌握湟中县牦牛病毒性腹泻病原的流行现状,对湟中县内11个乡镇的138份腹泻牦牛粪便样品进行了牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛肠道病毒(BEV)、牛轮状病毒(BRV)、牛冠状病毒(BCV)和牛星状病毒(BAstV) 5种病毒性腹泻致病原进行检测与分析。结果:BVDV、BEV、BRV、BCV和BAstV的平均感染率分别为44. 93%、21. 74%、8. 70%、5. 07%和6. 52%,5种病原中BVDV和BEV在所有乡镇均有流行,BRV、BCV、BAstV在部分乡镇呈散发性流行; 5种病原在1～6月龄犊牦牛中的检出率明显高于6月龄以上成年牦牛。138份腹泻牦牛中存在BVDV、BEV、BRV、BCV、BAstV的单独感染和混合感染,总单感率为53. 62%;共存在10种混感型,总混感率为15. 22%。表明湟中县牦牛存在BVDV、BEV、BRV、BCV和BAstV的感染,且混合感染情况复杂,应引起高度重视。     

牛星状病毒、牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型、牛冠状病毒和牛轮状病毒四重实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

利用多重荧光定量RT-PCR （real-time RT-PCR）方法,提高对多病原检测的速度和灵敏度,促进对犊牛腹泻的快速诊断和及时治疗。分别在牛星状病毒（BAstV）ORF2基因,牛病毒性腹泻病毒1型（BVDV-1）5'端非编码区,牛冠状病毒（BCV）N pro基因和牛轮状病毒（BRV）VP6基因的保守基因序列设计、合成并试验筛选了四对有效的特异性引物和探针。进一步利用含4种病毒目的片段的重组质粒,对引物和探针的浓度以及反应条件进行了优化,建立了Real-time RT-PCR标准曲线,并对四重Real-time PCR方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性和各种临床样本的适用性进行了评价。结果显示：Real-time RT-PCR最适退火温度和时间分别为50.0℃和45 s,BAstV、BVDV-1、BCV和BRV的引物浓度分别为300、300、400和500 nmol·L^-1,探针浓度分别为250、150、100和300 nmol·L^-1。对BVDV-1、BCV和BRV的最低检测限均为10²copies·μL^-1,对BAstV的最低检测限为10³ copies·μL^-1,具有良好的特异性和重复性。该方法对临床采集的粪样的阳性检出率高于PCR方法。上述结果表明,建立的四重Real-time RT-PCR方法可以用于犊牛腹泻常见病原BAstV、BVDV-1、BCV和BRV的快速鉴别诊断。     

A microbiological study of pneumonic calf lungs.

BITSCH, V., N. F. FRIIS and H. V. KROGH: A microbiological study of pneumonic calf lungs. Acta vet. scand. 1976, 17, 32–42.–Fifty pneumonic calf lungs were subjected to microbiologic screening with regard to bacteria, mycoplasmas, and viruses.Of bacteria the species most commonly found were Pasteurella multocida (eight lungs), Pasteurella hemolytica (eight lungs), and Corynebacterium pyogenes (13 lungs). Of special interest was the demonstration of Neisseria spp. in five lungs. Mycoplasma dispar was found in 31 lungs, Mycoplasma bovirhinis in 16 lungs, and Urea-plasma in 26 lungs. Cytopathogenic agents were demonstrated in 14 lungs. Four isolates were found to be bovine respiratory syncytial virus, three were bovine viral diarrhea virus, and two were bovine parainfluenza 3 virus. The remaining five cytopathogenic agents were not identified.     

川西北牦牛3种病毒性腹泻病血清学调查

The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemic of three viral diarrhea diseases of yaks in northwest Sichuan province and provide certain scientific basis for controlling this kind of disease. 1070 yak serum samples from 8 counties of Aba state in northwest Sichuan province were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate prevalence of BVDV, BCV and BRV. The results showed that the average positive rates of BVDV, BCV and BRV antibody were 44.3%, 84.1% and 94.4%, respectively. The BVDV, BCV and BRV of yaks were widespread in northwest Sichuan province, further comprehensive prevention and control measures of viral diarrhea diseases should be strengthened in this region.     

Genomic characterization and distribution of bovine foamy virus in Japan

Bovine foamy virus (BFV) is distributed through worldwide cattle herds. Although the biological features of BFV are not well understood, appearance of clinical manifestation by superinfection with other microorganisms is inferred. In Japan, reports of genomic characterizations and epidemiology of this virus are limited. In this study, we performed whole genomic sequencing of BFV strains Ibaraki and No.43, which were isolated in this country. Additionally, we investigated BFV in geographically distant four daily farms in Japan, to estimate the distribution of BFV and its correlation to bovine leukemia virus (BLV). BFV was distributed throughout Japan; the average positive rate was 12.7%. The nucleotide sequence identities of the isolates were 99.6% when compared with BFV strain isolated in the USA. The phylogenetic tree using env gene sequence showed strains Ibaraki, No.43 and Kagoshima were sorted in the same cluster including the USA and Chinese strains, while Hokkaido strain was in the other cluster including European strains. Although no clear correlation between BFV and BLV could be found, BFV and BLV infections were likely to increase with ages. Our data on epidemiology and characteristics of BFV will provide important information to reveal biological features of BFV.     

Dynamics of Moraxella bovis infection and humoral immune response to bovine herpes virus type 1 during a natural outbreak of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in beef calves

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is an acute disease caused by Moraxella bovis (Mb). Several factors may predispose animals to an IBK outbreak; one commonly observed is infection with bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1). The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of BHV-1 virus infection and its relation with clinical cases of IBK in weaned calves from a beef herd with a high prevalence of lesions caused by Mb. Sampling was carried out in six stages and included conjunctival swabs for isolating Mb as well as blood samples for identifying antibodies specific for BHV-1. A score for IBK lesions after observing each eye was determined. The findings of this study showed a high prevalence of BHV-1 virus infection (100% of animals were infected at the end of the trial); 67% of animals were culture-positive for Mb, but low rates of clinical IBK (19% of calves affected) were detected at the end of the trial. These results suggest that infection with BHV-1 did not predispose these animals to IBK, and that Mb infection produced clinical and subclinical disease in the absence of BHV-1 co-infection.     

牛轮状病毒与病毒性腹泻病毒的双重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

建立了能够同时检测牛轮状病毒（BRV）与牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）的双重RT-PCR方法。应用两对特异性引物进行了双重RT-PCR扩增,这两对引物分别对应于BRV的VP7基因和BVDV的5-UTR中的部分编码序列,其扩增产物分别为342bp和196bp。说明该方法的特异性强、敏感性高,可检测到1pg的病毒RNA,可应用于临床诊断和流行病学研究。     

Antioxidant response element activator,BTZO-1, improves the developmental competence of bovine oocytes

Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may disrupt the oocytes function and their competence. In this study, we introduced BTZO-1, a new supplement that can regulate the oxidative stress. Addition of BTZO-1 during IVM of bovine oocytes improved their developmental competence in the term of improvement of blastocyst rates. In addition, the quality of the produced embryos was improved by decreasing the apoptosis level by showing a decreased number of TUNNEL positive cells.     

Detection and Genetic Evolution of Diarrhea-related Viruses in Chongqing Beef Cattle

In order to investigate the pathogen prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea in Chongqing, this study carried out an investigation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine astrovirus (BAstV) on a total of 81 diarrhea samples of beef cattle which were collected from Chongqing by RT-PCR. After the PCR products were sequenced, phylogenetic analysis was performed with Mega 6.0 software. From 81 samples, the positive rate of BRV,BAstV and BVDV were 66.7%,8.6% and 7.4%, respectively,BCV was not detected.Phylogenetic analysis showed that 5 strains of BRV sequences were clustered into a small branch, which had significant genetic distance with other VP6 sequences in GenBank; 5 strains of BVDV, Chinese and Denmark strains were clustered into one branch,genetic relationship were close; 5 strains of BAstV clustered into a branch with Hongkong strain, but there was still an obvious genetic distance. The result showed that calves under the age of half year were the main group of beef cattle with diarrhea in Chongqing. BRV was an important cause of diarrhea in Chongqing, the genetic diversity of BRV,BAstV and BVDV could be reference to further concern.