南疆雹灾棉田间管理技术探讨

１９９８年６月８日下午７时３６分，一场历史上罕见的特大冰雹袭击五十三团大地，冰雹持续时间长达８ｍｉｎ，最大直径８ｃｍ，地面积雹７～１０ｃｍ，冰雹刚停，大风夹着暴雨又铺天盖地而来，棉花受灾面积３０７３．９ｈｍ２。其中被打成光秆的绝产棉田１７７９．０ｈｍ...     

豆秆黑潜蝇寄生蜂资源生态位研究

调查不同生态类型大豆田的豆秆黑潜蝇，饲育出８种寄生蜂，其中豆秆蝇瘿蜂等６种为主要种群。测定了这６种的生态位宽度、生态位重叠和生态位相似性比例指数，其中豆秆蝇瘿蜂生态位宽度指数最高（０．７６９５），豆秆蝇瘿蜂对黑绿金小蜂生态位重叠指数最高（０．０５０７），黑绿金小蜂对长腹金小蜂相似性比例指数最高（０．８７９３）。按生态位概念进行全面分析，豆秆蝇瘿蜂为控制豆秆黑潜蝇效能最高的种类。     

红麻贮存防霉变技术研究──Ⅱ．致霉的环境条件及防治

红麻全秆堆贮致霉的重要条件是大气湿度和麻秆含水量。湖南沅江历年旬平均湿度很少超过９０％，将堆贮麻秆起始含水量控制在２５％以下，堆垛离地面０．５米以上，设置纵、横通风道，辅以覆盖防雨，堆贮２个月，麻秆含水量可降到１５％左右，堆贮一年，麻秆霉变损失可控制在５％以下。鉴于霉变菌种类庞杂，无处不有，用药剂处理麻秆防霉仅能收到短期效果，待药剂分解失效后，只要湿度适宜，空气中及附着在麻秆上的霉变菌又可很快繁殖致霉。     

水稻半矮秆基因sdl对农艺性状的影响

比较了从７份半矮秆品种８／高秆品种的Ｂ７Ｆ２中分离的高矮秆近等基因系，ｓｄｌ基因抑制了节间伸长，从基部到倒第１节及穗长分别为高秆的３８．２％、２６．０％、４０．８％、７１．１％和９２．６％，缩短程度逐步减轻。ｓｄｌ基因还可促进有效穗数、结实率和收获指数的提高而使矮秆类型的产量潜力高于高秆类型，但ｓｄｌ工基因并不影响抽穗天数、每穗粒数和干粒重。对ｓｄｌ基因的多效性以及秆高和穗数的关系进行了讨论。     

耕作方式对玉米播种质量及产量的影响

以优质玉米驻玉309为材料，研究了铁萑旋耕碎秆破板结、免耕秸秆覆盖无耕翻、传统耕作3种耕作方式对玉米播种质量及产量的影响。结果表明：在相同的肥料用量条件下，铁茬旋耕碎秆破板结、免耕秸秆覆盖比传统耕作，出苗时间有所延缓，植株生长快，株高较高，同期叶片数多，干物质积累量较大，产量分别比传统耕作增产5．53％、2．01％。     

籼粳亚种间组合秆高的初步研究

对54个籼粳交组合及其亲本的分析表明,F1代秆高优势明显,表现为地上部伸长节间数增多和各节间伸长,特别是第二、三节间伸长,F1秆高与高、中亲值及其抽穗日数均呈极显著正相关,与单株粒数不存在显著的线性相关,F1具6个伸长节间,以第四、第六节间长度对秆高的直接影响大,第六节长度与每穗总粒数呈极显著正相关。但第1、2、3、4节间长度与每穗总粒数则是极显著或显著负相关。     

耐密型玉米品种的筛选与高产栽培技术

赤峰市是内蒙古自治区的玉米主产区之一．2008年玉米播种面积达到38．7万hm2．占全市农作物播种面积的38％。多年来,由于当地农民受“稀植结大穗,一穗顶两穗”传统种植观念的影响．选用的玉米品种以稀植高秆大穗品种为主．667m2留苗一般为3000～3500株．密度普遍偏低。大量研究结果和生产实践表明：改种耐密型品种、增加种植密度是当前提高玉米产量的主要途径．667m2增苗500株．产量可增加50kg左右。     

寒地早粳优质新品种龙粳14号及配套栽培技术

龙粳14号于2005年3月通过黑龙江省审定并推广．具有早熟、高产、优质、抗病、耐寒等特点。同年9月通过国家超级稻专家组验收，8hm^2连片种植，采点实测平均产量10750．5kg／hm^2，实收733秆，产量达到10638．0kg／hm^2，为黑龙江省早粳优质超级稻新品种。     

新疆多秆、多穗、多叶型玉米产量生理研究

多秆多穗多叶型玉米是近年来在新疆开始推广的一种青贮玉米,由于该杂交种带有多秆多穗多叶基因,比普通的生育期相同的玉米杂交种每株要多出2～3个有效茎、3～5个果穗、30～50片的叶片,而显得尤为特别。目前,多秆多穗多叶型玉米在新疆推广面积约2万hm2。近年来,我们对这种特殊基因型玉米的植物学性状、产量特征、光合产物生产等方面进行了一定的研究和探索。1　多秆多穗多叶型玉米植物学性状及产量特征研究表明,多秆多穗多叶型玉米品种,与普通品种相比,每株要多出2～3个有效茎、植株茎秆较高;每株多出3～5个果穗,果穗略小且在植株茎的中…     

红麻贮存防霉变技术研究

红麻全秆堆贮致霉的重要条件是大气湿度和麻秆含水量。湖南沅江历年旬平均湿度很少超过９０％，将堆贮麻秆起始含水量控制在２５％以下，堆垛离地面０．５米以上，设置纵、通风道辅以覆盖防雨，堆贮２个月，麻秆含水量可降到１５％左右，堆贮一年，麻霉变损失可控制在５％以下。览于霉变菌类庞杂，无处不有，用药剂处理麻秆防霉仅能收到短期效果，待药剂分解失效后，只要温度适宜，空气中及附着在麻秆霉弈力又可很快致霉。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。