大豆叶面喷施腐植酸钾增产效应研究

试验采用2000mg/kg,1250mg/kg腐植酸钾肥液在大豆盛花期喷施一次和盛花期、结荚期各喷施一次。结果表明，腐植酸钾对大豆的植株性状和产量性状均有显著的促进作用，产量亦显著提高。以2000mg/kg肥液在大豆盛花期和结荚期各喷施一次，综合经济效益最佳，平均产量达3699.9kg/hm^2，比对照增产14.06%，投入产出效率为11.45元／元。     

5种微肥叶面喷施对棉花增产效果的比较

通过在河南黄泛区农场农科所试验地对5种微肥棉花中后期叶面喷施效果的比较试验,结果表明:施用微肥可以促进棉花的营养生长和生殖生长,以纯钾0.30 kg/hm2在棉花初花期、盛花期、盖顶期各叶面喷施1次,对棉花的增产效果最好,其霜前子棉产量为3600kg/hm2、子棉总产量为3684 kg/hm2、皮棉总产量为1355 kg/hm2,分别比对照增产8.0%、8.2%、8.2%。     

湖北江北农场小麦肥效试验与施肥推荐

为给小麦测土配方施肥体系的建立提供参考,以小麦品种郑麦9023为试验材料,通过在江北农场五个分场布置小麦"3414"肥料效应试验,研究了氮、磷、钾肥对小麦产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,施肥对小麦的增产效果明显,小麦施用氮肥的增产效果最好,磷肥次之,钾肥最小,相应增产率为17.5%～69.5%,纯增收入为917.2～2 464.1元·hm-2。通过配置三元二次和一元二次肥效模型,结合田间试验实际情况,确定小麦的最佳施肥量为纯N 140～160kg·hm-2,P2O550～60kg·hm-2,K2O 50～60kg·hm-2。     

硼肥在水稻生产上应用效果对比试验

通过在水稻苗期、初花期、齐穗期和灌浆期喷施不同种类的硼肥与空白对照进行对比试验,结果表明:喷施硼肥可增强植株的抗逆性,有利于减少水稻病害的发生,还可改善株型,增强抗倒伏能力;喷施硼肥可以增加水稻的株高、穗长、分蘖数、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,可以提高水稻产量,各处理的产量均高于对照,增产55.2～93.4 kg/667 m2,增产率12.4%～17.6%,其中产量最高的是速乐硼30 g/667 m2,实际产量达624.1 kg/667 m2,增产率17.6%,增产效果显著。     

氮素后移施肥对大豆产量及品质的影响

在保持磷钾肥不变的前提下,控制氮肥总量,将适量的氮肥用作基肥和种肥,其余氮肥后移分期施用研究氮肥对大豆产量及品质含量的影响。结果表明:大豆氮肥后移分期施用增产效果显著,不同处理间差异达到了极显著水平,以N6处理(纯N量种肥15 kg·hm-2、始花期追氮30 kg·hm-2、始花期喷氮7.5 kg·hm-2及鼓粒期喷氮7.5 kg·hm-2)产量最高,产量为3 285.71 kg·hm-2。大豆始花期追施氮肥的增产作用大于始花期、鼓粒期喷施氮肥,始花期和鼓粒期分期喷施氮肥增产效果好于始花期一次性喷施。氮肥后移分期施用对大豆的油分与蛋白质含量有较明显的影响。充足的底肥或种肥氮有利于提高大豆油分含量,而氮肥后移施用明显降低了油分含量,随着始花期追施氮肥量的增加,大豆油分含量呈递减趋势;对大豆的蛋白质含量影响作用与油分正好相反,氮肥后移分期施用使蛋白质含量显著提高,幅度为0.373 3%~1.323 3%;氮肥后移施用对大豆籽粒蛋脂总和的影响与蛋白质的变化趋势一致。     

不同钾水平对花生光合特性及产量的影响

为明确辽宁地区高产花生推荐钾肥用量,本试验以农花9号为试材,采用大田随机区组试验,设四个钾肥梯度：0 kg·hm-2（CK）、112.5 kg·hm-2（T1）、225.0 kg·hm-2（T2）和337.5 kg·hm-2（T3）,研究了不同钾水平对花生光合特性及产量的影响。2年试验结果表明,适量增施钾肥能有效增加叶面积指数,增强开花下针期和结荚期的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）,降低胞间CO2浓度（Ci）;增施钾肥还能提高光合作用的表观初始量子效率（T）、最大净光合速率（Pmax）和光饱和点（Isat）,降低光补偿点（Lcp）和表观暗呼吸速率（Rd）;最终增加花生单株果数、单株果重、百果重、百仁重和产量,2年不同处理间,均以T2处理产量最高,分别比对照增产7.37%和12.54%,且显著高于其它各处理。因此,本地区花生大田生产的最佳推荐施钾量为225.0 kg·hm-2。     

马铃薯平衡施肥及钾肥效应研究

在甘肃高海拔干旱区采用马铃薯高产栽培技术和平衡施肥技术,马铃薯产量为35 350 kg.hm-2,超过当地平均产量1.2倍,配施钾肥马铃薯可增产16.7～2 916.7 kg.hm-2,增幅0.1%～9.0%,每千克K2O可增收马铃薯0.2～19.4 kg,增产增收效益好。施钾后马铃薯薯块数增加29.3%,薯块重增加7.7%,增产以增加穴薯为主,其次是增加薯块重,同时马铃薯品质也有较大改善。试验表明,在施入适量有机肥和氮磷基础上,高产高效的K2O用量为150 kg.hm-2。     

叶面喷施含钾有机水溶肥对油菜生长发育和产量的影响

为油菜生产的提质增效,探究含钾有机水溶肥对油菜生长发育及产量构成的影响,以甘蓝型油菜旺城油8号为材料,采用双因素随机区组设计,设置3个喷施时期（苗期、花期、苗期+花期）和5个含钾有机水溶肥施用量（0、375、750、1125、1500 g/hm²）处理,调查油菜产量性状。结果发现,在苗期或初花期喷施750 g/hm²的含钾有机水溶肥,油菜的株高、根颈粗、生物量等指标较对照组显著增加,两个时期均喷施的处理其促进效果更优。在苗期和初花期均喷施750 g/hm²水溶肥,增加了单株有效角果数和每角粒数,显著提高油菜产量,较对照增加39.07%,产油量增加44.22%。认为可通过在油菜苗期和初花期每公顷各喷施750 g的含钾有机水溶肥,促进油菜的生长发育,提高菜籽产量,增加产油量,提升经济效益。     

夏大豆新品种油6019的选育及高产栽培技术

油6019是中国农业科学院油料作物研究所以中豆32为母本,郑8516为父本,经有性杂交,系谱法选育的夏大豆新品种.2015-2016年参加长江流域夏大豆早中熟组品种区域试验,平均产量3 256.5 kg·hm-2,较对照品种中豆41增产7.1％;2017年参加生产试验,平均产量3 121.5 kg·hm-2,较对照品种中豆41增产12.1％;2018年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定.油6019产量高、籽粒大、抗逆性好、商品性优,适合在长江流域中下游地区种植.2018年在湖北省天门市开展了油6019高产栽培技术集成与示范,高产地块产量可达4 500 kg·hm-2以上.试验表明油6019接油菜茬最佳,适时早播,根据土壤肥力情况保苗16.5万～22.5万株·hm-2,初花期化控1次,可创高产,提质增效.     

密度、化调、施肥对荆杂166 F_1产量及产值的优化研究

对影响荆杂棉166 F1产量和产值的密度、化调、氮肥、钾肥四个重要的栽培因子进行了分析,结果表明:密度3.23万株.hm-2、初蕾,盛蕾,打顶前各喷雾缩节胺15 g、30 g、45 g.hm-2、施用氮肥187.5 kg.hm-2、氧化钾300 kg.hm-2时,荆杂棉166 F1皮棉产量达到最大。荆杂棉166 F1皮棉产量受栽培因子影响的大小顺序为氮肥密度氧化钾化控;产值最优化的栽培措施是:密度3.23万株.hm-2、初蕾,盛蕾初花,打顶前后各喷雾缩节胺15 g、30 g、45 g.hm-2、施用氮肥187.5 kg.hm-2、氧化钾225 kg.hm-2。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。