国内、外鸡传染性鼻炎不同佐剂灭活疫苗免疫效力比较试验

为了评价我们应用当地分离株研制的鸡传染性鼻炎(IC)氢氧化铝胶灭活苗的免疫效力,我们从意大利引进了鸡传染性鼻炎氢氧化铝胶灭活苗,从荷兰引进了鸡传染性鼻炎油乳剂灭活苗并进行了免疫保护对比试验。经对注苗鸡的局部反应、抗体检测、攻毒后的临床症状、眶下窦中Hpg分离结果表明,我们研制的IC氢氧化铝胶灭活苗与引进的氢氧化铝胶灭活疫苗的免疫效果基本相同,均优于从荷兰引进的IC油乳剂灭活苗。     

技术成果转让简介

北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所拥有研制、生产、检验“鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗”、“鸡传染性法氏囊病灭活苗”、“鸡新城疫油乳剂灭活苗”、“鸡传染性鼻炎油乳剂灭活苗”、“鸡新城疫、鸡传染性法氏囊病二联油佐剂灭活苗”、“鸡新城疫、鸡传染性鼻炎二联油佐剂灭活苗”和“鸡新城疫、鸡传染性支气管炎、减蛋下降综合症、禽脑脊髓炎四联油佐剂灭活苗”等七种非专利性专有技术成果，包括未公开的、未取得知识产权法律保护该疫苗相关产品设计、工艺流程、配方、质量检验和控制等方面的技术资料。该七种疫苗均已获得农业部颁发的《新兽药证书》。     

鸡传染性鼻炎多价油乳剂灭活苗的免疫对比及田间试验

从山东省分离了６株鸡传染性鼻炎菌株,经过抗原比较,攻毒交叉保护试验,发现ＨＰＧ－ＨＺ株的保护性最佳,利用ＨＰＧ－ＨＺ株与标准Ａ型菌株ＨＰＧ－００８３株和标准Ｃ型菌株ＨＰＧ－Ｍｏｄｅｓｔｏ株结合,成功研制了鸡传染性鼻炎多价油乳剂灭活苗。将该疫苗在山东省、河北省、河南省等地共４５００万只鸡进行田间免疫试验和与同类疫苗的对比试验,结果表明,鸡传染性鼻炎多价油乳剂灭活苗对鸡群安全、有效,无副作用,免疫期可达６个月以上。特别对山东分离株的免疫保护比进口和国产同类疫苗均有优势。     

鸡传染性鼻炎多价油乳剂灭活苗的免疫对比及田间试验

从山东省分离了６株鸡传染性鼻炎菌株，经过抗原比较，我叉保护试验，发现ＨＰＧ－ＨＺ株的保护性最佳，利用ＨＰＧ－ＨＺ株与标准ＡＧ力株ＨＰＧ－００８３株和标准Ｃ型菌标ＨＰＧ－Ｍｏｄｅｓｔｏ株结合成功研制了鸡传染性鼻炎多价油乳剂灭活苗。将该疫苗在山东省、河北省、河南省等地共４５００万只鸡进行田间免疫试验类疫苗的对比试验，结果表明，鸡传染性鼻炎多介油乳剂灭活苗对鸡群安全、有效，无副作用，期可达６个月以上，特     

自制鸡传染性鼻炎双价油剂灭活苗的免疫效果

传染性鼻炎 ( IC)由鸡副嗜血杆菌引起 ,菌型分为 page血清型 A、B、C,发病鸡主要表现鼻粘膜发炎、流鼻涕、眼睑水肿和打喷嚏 ,造成部分鸡死亡和产蛋下降 ,给养鸡业带来较大的经济损失。疫苗免疫对该病控制起到良好的作用 ,原用疫苗有福尔马林灭活苗或硫柳汞灭活苗 ,但该类苗免疫期较短 ,近年来以 A型副嗜血杆菌做成的单价鼻炎油乳剂灭活苗在山东也得到较普遍应用 ,但没能得到很好地控制。为了更好地对本病进行防疫 ,研制了鸡传染性鼻炎双价油乳剂灭活苗。1　材料与方法1 .1　菌种鸡副嗜血杆菌 ,page血清型 A和 C,购自中国兽药监察所。菌…     

给鸡接种油乳剂苗的技术要求

油乳剂疫苗是灭活苗，是预防鸡疫病的主要疫苗，多用于加强免疫和最终免疫，其除了注射接种的应激反应外，毒副作用很小。目前应用于鸡的油乳剂苗主要有新城疫油苗、禽流感油苗、减蛋综合症油苗、大肠杆菌油苗、支原体油苗、传染性鼻炎油苗、传染性支气管炎油苗等，以及这些苗的多联多价油苗。给鸡接种油乳剂苗的技术规范与否，直接影响免疫效果。这里介绍给鸡接种油乳剂苗的技术要求。     

酶联免疫吸附试验用于鸡葡萄球菌抗体检测的研究

本研究采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)间接法检测鸡葡萄球菌免疫及感染后体内抗体水平的变化,此法特异性强,重复性好。运用此法对接种葡萄球菌油佐剂灭活苗和葡萄球菌氢氧化铝灭活苗的雏鸡血清抗体的动态进行检测,结果显示葡萄球菌油佐剂苗免疫后,抗体水平稳步上升,第3周达到高峰,并一直维持到第6周以后,葡萄球菌氢氧化铝灭活苗免疫后的抗体动态与之相似。文中还探讨了免疫鸡在不同免疫阶段血清抗体水平与葡萄球菌攻毒时保护率之间的关系。     

鸡致病性大肠杆菌油乳剂灭活苗的制备

从一鸡场患病鸡体内分离出1株鸡致病性大肠杆菌,将分离的菌株扩增、灭活,制备成油乳剂灭活苗。对灭活苗进行物理性状、安全性、保护力等检验,确认合格后,对鸡场进行免疫,效果良好。该油乳剂灭活苗对本场鸡有较好的保护作用。     

鸡传染性鼻炎不同茵株的交叉保护性研究

在分离的６株传染性鼻炎茵株中择优选取其中４株，分别制成油乳剂灭活苗，免疫７周龄ＳＰＦ鸡，免疫３周后分别用分离茵株攻毒。结果ＨＰＧ－ＨＺ株对各茵株的保护效果最好，平均保护率达７６％以上，而用标准株ＨＰＧ－００８３株制成的疫苗，对各分离株的平均保护率只有６０％。     

分子筛凝胶浓缩新城疫病毒疫苗的研究

本文采用新型分了筛凝胶作为浓缩剂对新城疫毒感染鸡胚的尿囊进行了浓缩实验,结果表明,该浓缩胶可使新城疫病毒浓缩９６．２４倍,病毒的损失量为８．６５％,用浓缩胶浓缩新城疫毒后制成灭活苗,浓缩苗进行鸡的免疫实验,以研究浓缩疫苗的免疫效果,浓缩新城疫抗原后灭活苗免疫后８天抗体水平迅速上升,ＨＩ为５．６,并持续上升,均高于对照组,说明浓缩疫苗可以使鸡产生较高的抗体水平。     

An evaluation of the cross-protection afforded by inactivated infectious coryza vaccines

The cross-protection afforded by three inactivated infectious coryza vaccines was evaluated. Each vaccine contained one of the following strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum, HP31, HP60 and HP14. Strain HP31 belongs to Kume serovar C-2, strain HP60 belongs to Kume serovar C-4 while strain HP14 belongs to Kume serovar A-4. Four groups of twenty six-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were either given a single dose of an aluminium-hydroxide based vaccine (three groups) or left as unvaccinated controls. Three weeks after vaccination, all four groups were challenged with virulent H paragallinarum. One half of each group was challenged with the strain HP31 and the other half with strain HP60. The efficacy of the vaccines was assessed in terms of the prevention of the typical clinical signs and macroscopic lesions of infectious coryza as well as the prevention of any colonisation by the challenge organism. The serovar C-2 and serovar C-4 vaccines protected more than 50% of birds against either a serovar C-2 or C-4 challenge while the serovar A-4 vaccine protected less than 50% of birds.     

鸡传染性鼻炎三价灭活疫苗安全性试验和效力检验初报

利用PageA、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌,研制鸡传染性鼻炎(IC)三价灭活疫苗。用6批IC疫苗进行了大剂量单次接种和单剂量多次接种的安全性试验,结果表明,IC三价灭活疫苗安全无副作用;用3批疫苗进行SPF鸡和普通鸡的免疫效力试验,结果对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%;商品鸡42日龄首免,110日龄二免,二免后约9个月对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%;用4℃～8℃保存一年的3批疫苗进行了SPF鸡的近期免疫效力试验,结果对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒LN01/08株灭活疫苗的研制

为研制牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)灭活疫苗,本研究以国内分离鉴定的IBRV LN01/08株为种毒,优化病毒增殖条件,获得病毒滴度达108.0TCID50/mL,将其灭活制备疫苗.为比较不同免疫佐剂的效果,分别以矿物质白油和Montanide ISA206佐剂配制灭活疫苗,进行牛体免疫试验.临床观察和血清中和抗体检测结果表明,Montanide ISA206佐剂乳化的疫苗在降低副反应和增强免疫效果方面优于矿物质白油佐剂.应用Montanide ISA206佐剂制备3批灭活疫苗,并对其安全性和免疫保护效果进行测定.结果表明该疫苗安全可靠,对强毒攻击可产生较好的抵抗力,攻毒保护率达80%.疫苗在2℃～8℃保存12个月后仍能保持良好的免疫效果.     

H7亚型禽流感病毒灭活疫苗的研制及其免疫效果研究

以H7N3亚型禽流感病毒接种鸡胚,收取鸡胚液为抗原研制禽流感病毒灭活疫苗,并对制苗抗原以及疫苗的物理性状、安全性、免疫效力、免疫剂量和保护期等进行了试验,结果表明,该灭活疫苗安全性好,对28日龄鸡的最佳免疫剂量为0.5 mL/只,抗体临界保护值为5log2,免疫后6周HI效价达到高峰值9.4log2,以后逐渐下降,第20周抗体仍能维持较高水平。此外,交叉免疫保护试验表明,同一亚型之间具有良好的免疫保护作用,而亚型间缺乏坚强的交叉保护作用。     

鸡传染性鼻炎灭活疫苗的研制及免疫试验

用副鸡嗜血杆菌分离株A和W菌液等比例混合制成油乳剂灭活疫苗接种40日龄试验鸡,结果显示,试验鸡在接种后21d、90d时对A和W株的保护率均达100oA;接种130日龄成年鸡,接种后9个月时对A和W株的保护率达92％,效果优于商品疫苗。表明用本地区分离株制得疫苗可以对本地鸡传染性鼻炎起到很好的预防作用。     

Comparison of adjuvants for an inactivated infectious coryza vaccine

Differently formulated inactivated infectious coryza vaccines were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single dose of 10(8) colony-forming units of Haemophilus paragallinarum HP31. After 3 weeks, all chickens were challenged by intrasinus inoculation of HP31. Two vaccines, one containing an aluminum-hydroxide adjuvant and the other a combined aluminum-hydroxide + mineral-oil adjuvant, gave the best protection (means of 80% and 90%, respectively). Two vaccines that contained mineral oil as the sole adjuvant gave less protection (50% and 35%). The Quil A vaccine gave no significant protection. Granulomatous swellings developed at the site of injection in birds given mineral-oil adjuvant but not in those that received other adjuvants.     

Laboratory trials with inactivated vaccines against Escherichia coli (O2:K1) infection in fowls.

Laboratory trials were carried out with an O2:K1 vaccine prepared with either the Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvant. Both types of vaccine administered subcutaneously were highly effective against a challenge with the vaccine strain within three to four weeks after vaccination at two to three weeks of age. The complete adjuvant vaccine was more effective than the incomplete adjuvant vaccine when administered to chickens of an earlier age, and in the rate of development and duration of immunity. The efficacy of both vaccines was unimpaired by their incorporation with the Newcastle disease oil adjuvant (inactivated) vaccine (Newcadin). The use of an oil adjuvant vaccine was not found to affect the rate of growth adversely or to produce any other reaction prejudicial to its commerical application. The efficacy of the vaccines was unimpaired by their incorporation with Newcastle disease oil adjuvant (inactivated) vaccine (Newcadin) thus demonstrating the possibility of producing a combined Escherichia coli/Newcastle disease virus vaccine.     

Efficacy of avridine as an adjuvant for Newcastle disease virus antigen in chickens

Avridine, a lipoidal amine with interferon-inducing and adjuvant properties, was an effective adjuvant for Newcastle disease antigen (NDA) in chickens. Eleven vaccine lots were evaluated: 2 commercial water-in-oil vaccines, 4 experimental oil emulsion vaccines, 4 avridine-containing vaccines, and a control lot of nonadjuvanted antigen. Avridine significantly enhanced the immunologic responses of chickens against NDA. Chickens vaccinated with the avridine-containing vaccines had significantly higher antibody titers (hemagglutination inhibition) than did chickens vaccinated with the commercial vaccines. Experimental oil emulsion vaccines prepared from the same antigens as avridine-adjuvanted vaccines induced higher hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers after primary but not after booster vaccination. Use of avridine as an adjuvant for NDA in vaccines for chickens induced immunologic protection rates similar to those induced by oil emulsion vaccines, without causing the reactogenic and tissue residue problems associated with the use of oil vaccines in chickens.     

鸡传染性鼻炎二介油乳剂灭活疫苗的保存期检验

应用3批鸡传染性鼻炎二价油乳剂灭活疫苗进行了保存期检验，结果表明，二价苗在4－8℃保存12个月和18个月后免疫鸡群，鸡群对A、C型强致病力菌株的保护率在二免后4周左右分别为100％和88．5％，血清SPA、阻断ELISA和HI抗体阳性检出率较高，但疫苗保存18个月后所免疫鸡的血清C型HI抗体效价的几何平均数有显著的下降。因此，该二价苗的保存期以12个月为宜。     

鸭坦布苏病毒病-H9亚型禽流感二联灭活疫苗免疫佐剂筛选

为筛选出理想的鸭TMUV-AIV(H9亚型)二联灭活疫苗免疫佐剂,将灭活的坦布苏病毒液和禽流感病毒(H9亚型)尿囊液分别与白油佐剂、卡波姆佐剂、铝胶佐剂、蜂胶佐剂制成抗原含量相同的TMUV-AIV二联灭活疫苗。应用阻断ELISA方法和血凝抑制方法测定免疫鸭血清中坦布苏病毒和禽流感病毒抗体,比较不同佐剂疫苗对试验鸭的免疫效力。结果表明,以白油作为佐剂的灭活疫苗组免疫效果最好,抗体产生快、抗体水平优于其他各组,免疫2周后60%(6/10)血清样品HI抗体可达1∶8以上,80%血清样品呈TMUV抗体阳性,是制备鸭TMUV-AIV(H9亚型)二联灭活疫苗的理想佐剂。