大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素突变体的原核表达及其活性研究

为使大肠杆菌不耐热肠毒素(LT)的毒性丧失或减弱的同时仍保留其较强的免疫原性,本实验通过PCR和重叠-延伸PCR扩增,制备了突变体LTR72/G192的基因片段,经酶切和测序结果表明构建的表达载体pLTR72/G192阅读框架正确,而且相应位点氨基酸获得了替换。IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,表达出突变体重组蛋白为约30 ku和10 ku的两个蛋白带,与LTA、LTB亚基分子量相吻合。Western blot检测结果表明两个蛋白亚基均可与His抗体发生特异性反应。目的蛋白经纯化后进行ADP-核酸转移酶试验及Patent-mouse毒性试验检测其酶活性与毒性,突变重组蛋白与野生型LT相比其酶活性和毒性均明显降低。纯化的目的蛋白与鸡新城疫病毒弱毒疫苗联合一起经滴鼻免疫鸡,ELISA结果显示,突变体LTR72/G192能辅助新城疫疫苗在血清和黏膜中产生较高滴度的抗新城疫病毒的IgG和IgA。     

大肠杆菌热敏毒素LT克隆基因的PCR定点诱变和重组表达的构建

为使大肠杆菌热敏毒素LT的毒素活性丧失的同时仍保留其较强的免疫原性，实验依据LT基因的同源序列设计并合成5条引物，采用突出末端PCR法和重组PCR法，将克隆于质粒pEWD299上的LT基因，分别引入BamHI、Ndel和xhol等位点，扩增出带有上述RE位点且含有m7和m112突变点的约1100bp和约800bp的DNA片段和不含突变点的约300bp的DNA片段，使控制LT毒力活性中心的第7位和第112位氨基酸的碱基分别发生诱变，各DNA片段经分熟、纯化、RE酶切和DNA连接酶连接后，插入经BamHI和XhoI双酶切的线性化的高效表达载体pGEX-4T-1的多克隆位点区，使LTm基因置于pTac强启动子下且与Thrombin蛋白基因融合表达，将连接产物转化入JM105菌株，挑出可疑阳性菌落，提取质粒，经酶切鉴定、PCR鉴定和DNA序列分析，证明读框正确，序列正确，获得了pGEX-4T-1(LT7t GEX-4T-1(LTm112两个重组表达质粒。为运用基因工程手段大量生产人 动物大肠杆菌流行性腹泻的疫苗抗原和幽门螺杆菌疫苗的粘膜免疫佐剂，完成了基因水平的工作。     

霍乱毒素B亚单位基因的克隆及其核苷酸序列分析

利用 PCR技术从含有霍乱毒素 B亚单位 ( CTB)基因的质粒 p UCT1中扩增出不包括信号肽的 3 0 9bp的 CTB全基因 ,并通过点突变技术消除了 CTB阅读框内的终止密码子 ( TAA→GAA) ,以便于在 CTB基因的下游融合其他的外源基因。用限制性内切酶 Bam H 和 Eco R 对 PCR产物进行双酶切 ,以 T4DNA连接酶将其定向连接于经同样酶切处理的质粒 p ET-2 8b( )的多克隆位点上 ,构建成重组质粒 p ECTB,转化至BL2 1 ( DE3 )中。经 Bam H 和 Eco R 双酶切分析和 PCR扩增检测 ,证明重组质粒 p ECTB中含有 CTB基因。核苷酸序列分析表明 ,克隆的 CTB基因在重组质粒中的连接向位和阅读框架是正确的     

新孢子虫SAG1-SRS2融合基因真核表达质粒的构建及表达

根据犬新孢子虫NcSAG1-NcSRS2融合基因序列,设计了1对含有Kozak序列、终止密码子、BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点的引物,以含有NcSAG1-NcSRS2融合基因的质粒pGEX-tNcP43-P36为模板,经PCR扩增获得NcSAG1-NcSRS2融合基因片段,用BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切该片段,回收得到含有以上2个酶切位点黏端的NcSAG1-NcSRS2融合基因,将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的pcDNA3.1（＋）真核表达载体中,获得重组质粒pcNCSAG1-SRS2。经PCR鉴定、限制性内切酶酶切分析和克隆片段序列测定、比较,证实了重组质粒的正确性。将构建好的真核表达质粒转染到COS-7细胞中进行瞬时表达,经免疫荧光检测,证实了该载体能在细胞内进行蛋白表达。     

犬2型腺病毒E3区缺失性表达载体的构建及外源基因表达

为构建可用于同源重组或体外重组的犬腺病毒（canime adenovirus,CAV)E3区缺失性表达载体，在克隆的E3区两末端设计并合成了2对突变引物，在引物中分别引入1个BgⅠⅡ酶切位点，以PBE3质粒为模板，经2次点突变后，得到含有2个BgⅠⅡ位点的重组质粒PBE3^M。该质粒经BgⅠⅡ酶切后自连得到E3缺失的质粒PBE3△。在PBE3△质粒的BgⅠⅡ位点加入接头后，产生含多个酶切位点的质粒PBE3L，经相应的酶切鉴定，证明突变，缺失和接头连接正确后，利用PBE3L分别构建了带有和不带有外源性启动子的绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组表达质粒，并分别进行转染以检测其表达。结果显示，PBE3LCGFP质粒在转染DK细胞后，于36h即可观察到荧光，72-96h无明显差别，传3代后仍可见表达荧光的细胞；而PBE3LGFP质粒转染DK细胞后经检测无表达。结果表明，构建的E3区缺失性载体不能利用E3区自身的启动子进行目的的基因的表达，外源性启动子的加入是必要的。     

CPA-LTB融合基因的构建与表达

利用PCR技术，从A型产气英膜梭菌染色体和pEWD299中分别扩增出a毒素（CPA）基因和LTB基因，通过分离、纯化、内切酶酶切、连接和转化，构建了含CPA—LTB融合基因表达质粒的重组菌株BL21（DE3）（pCPA—LTB）。经酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定证实，构建的重组质粒pET—CPA含有CPA—LTB融合基因，其基因序列和阅读框架均正确。经EISA检测和SDS—PAGE分析，重组菌株表达的CPA—LTB融合蛋白能够被α、LT毒素抗体所识别。重组菌株BL21（DE3）（pCPA—LTB）经IPTG诱导后，融合蛋白CPA—LTB的表达量占菌体总蛋白相对含量的12.5％。     

犬新孢子虫吉林株SAG1基因真核表达载体的构建

根据GenBank中已发表的犬新孢子虫SAG1基因序列(AF132217),设计了一对含有Kozak序列、起始密码子、终止密码子、BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切位点的引物。以含有SAG1基因的重组质粒pMD-18T-SAG1为模板,经PCR扩增获得SAG1基因,利用BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切该片段,回收含有BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切位点粘性末端的SAG1基因片段,将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的pVAX1真核表达载体中,获得重组质粒pVAX1-SAG1,经PCR鉴定、酶切分析和重组质粒的序列测定、比较,证实了重组质粒的正确性。     

口蹄疫病毒O／China／99株VP1基因植物种子特异性表达载体的构建及农杆菌的导入

根据植物组成型表达质粒pBin438的限制性酶切位点及FMDV VP1的核苷酸序列设计并合成引物，从种子特异性启动子7S质粒pU8—2质粒中扩增7S启动子，经HindⅢ和BarnHⅠ酶切，与经同样双酶切的植物组成型表达载体pBin438大片段连接，经酶切、PCR鉴定及序列分析，种子特异性表达载体p7SBin438构建完成。从FMDV VP1基因的pGEM—VP1质粒中扩增VP1基因，经BarnHⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切后，与p7SBin438质粒酶切后的大片段连接，经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定，FMDV VP1基因已置于种子特异性启动子7S下游，成功构建了FMDV VP1基因的种子特异性表达载体p7SBin438-VP1。通过三亲交配法，将表达载体p7SBin438-VP1导入根癌农杆菌，为研究FMD可饲疫苗奠定了基础。     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1外膜蛋白H基因真核、表达载体的构建

应用限制性内切酶BαmHⅠ将片段ompH从重组质粒pMDT—ompH切下，非定向插入真核表达质粒pcDNA3中，经酶切分析、PCR鉴定及序列测定，证实成功构建了禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1外膜蛋白H基因的重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3-omp H。将重组表达质粒转染至COS7细胞，经RT—PCR、SDS-PAGE及Western-blotting检测，证明了外膜蛋白H基因获得了瞬时表达。     

大肠杆菌K88ac—STl—LTB三价基因工程菌株的构建

利用PCR技术，从大肠杆菌C83902质粒中扩增出K88ac基因、ST1突变基因和LTB基因，通过分离、纯化、内切酶酶切、连接和转化，构建了合K88ac—ST1—LTB融合基因表达载体的重组菌株BL2l(DE3)(pXKST3LT5)。经酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析证实，构建的重组质粒pXKST3LT5中含有K88ac—ST1-LTB融合基因，是基因序列和阅读框架均正确。免疫试验结果表明，K88ac—ST1—LTB融合蛋白能够诱发机体产生抗体，该抗体具有中和天然STl肠毒素毒性的作用。用从IPTG诱导的工程菌中提取的包涵体或经甲醛灭活的工程菌制成抗原免疫小鼠，结果免疫小鼠至少能抵抗2MLD的大肠杆菌强毒株C83902(K88ac，ST^ ，LT^ )的攻击。由此表明，构建的工程菌株BL2l(DE3)(pXKST3LT5)可以作为预防幼畜大肠杆菌性腹泻的基因工程菌苗的候选株。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.