新城疫单抗ELISA试剂盒检测鸽新城疫病毒

用新城疫（ND）单抗酶联免疫（ELISA）试剂盒检测23例疑似ND的鸽泄殖腔棉拭样品，7份阳性样品用SPF鸡胚均会离到病毒，该病毒凝集鸡红细胞，并就抗新城疫病毒（NDV）阳性血清所抑制，其中4株病毒的MDT在48－68.6h之间，ICPI为1.55-1.85。试验结果表明所分离的病毒为NDV，亦表明ND单抗ELISA试剂盒能够检出鸽NDV，并可作为鸽群中NDV流行病学调查的有效手段。     

3株单抗对新城疫病毒HN抗原变异的分析

以新城疫病毒(NDV)LaSota株为免疫原研制了3株针对NDVHN蛋白的单抗,分别命名为1E5、C3-B7和E6-F11。3株单抗与NDV不同毒株在血凝抑制试验(HI)、ELISA和病毒中和试验中的反应性不同,而同一株单抗与同一个NDV毒株在HI、ELISA以及病毒中和试验中的反应性一致。其中,单抗1E5与NDV标准株(LaSota、F48E8)、8个NDV分离株反应阳性,而与9个NDV分离株反应阴性;单抗C3-B7、E6-F11与所有NDV毒株反应均为阳性。结果表明,3株单抗均是针对HN蛋白上的中和位点,国内部分NDV流行株的HN抗原至少有1个抗原位点发生了变异。     

疫苗免疫压力下新城疫病毒的动态演化

国内大量新城疫病毒(NDV)血凝素基因F和HN的测序表明,NDV主要免疫原HN和F基因与生产中广泛应用的经典疫苗La Sota株的核苷酸同源性不足80%,而NDV流行株之间则高达94.4%～100%,从分子遗传学角度证实了VIId型NDV是导致新城疫免疫失败的重要原因。HI交叉抑制和鸡胚中和试验等则从抗原性的角度证实了NDV在免疫压力下抗原性的变化,尽管NDV不同毒株间抗原性变异的程度已出现明显差异,但仍局限在同一个血清型中。     

鸵鸟新城疫病毒野毒株的分离及其生物学特性

用鸡胚从疑似鸵鸟新城疫的送检病料中分离到 2株病毒。 2株病毒均能凝集鸡红细胞 ,且能被抗新城疫病毒 ( NDV)阳性血清抑制 ;用抗 NDV单抗 PEG夹心 ELISA测定 2株分离毒均为阳性。对其中 1株作进一步生物学特性鉴定 ,按照国际上规定的 NDV毒力判定标准测定的该毒株最低致死量致死鸡胚的平均死亡时间 ( MDT)为 54h,1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数 ( ICPI)为 1 .88,6周龄雏鸡静脉接种致病指数 ( IVPI)为2 .75。结果表明 ,本分离株为鸵鸟新城疫病毒强毒     

SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光RT—PCR检测新城疫病毒的研究

新城疫是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的一种高度接触性、急性、败血性禽类传染病.NDV为副黏病毒科副黏病毒亚科禽腮腺炎病毒属单股负链RNA病毒.近年来,新城疫呈现散发性和非典型性流行.在临床上,非典型的新城疫在呼吸道症状上和禽流感(AI)、鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)、鸡传染性喉气管炎(ILT)极为相似,因此给本病的确诊增加了难度,故开发出快速、灵敏、特异的诊断方法显得极为重要.     

新城疫病毒单克隆抗体的制备及与不同分离株的反应性

以纯化的新城疫病毒(Newcastle dis-ease virus,NDV)弱毒株La Sota为免疫原,接种6周龄~8周龄Balb/c小鼠。最后一次加强免疫后3 d,取小鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞(SP2/0)融合。以纯化的NDV建立了筛选单抗的间接ELISA,经多次检测,3次亚克隆,共获得5株NDV特异性单抗,这5株单抗与NDV不同分离株的反应性存在差异,表明部分NDV毒株抗原性发生了变异。     

鸽新城疫的诊治

鸽新城疫是由新城疫病毒(NDV)引起鸽的一种传染病,近年来,其发病率呈明显上升趋势,并且由于免疫不全等多种原因其临床症状及剖检变化常呈非典型性,给该病的诊断带来一定的困难,笔者应用HA和HI试验结合流行病学、临床症状及剖检变化对黑龙江省双城市某鸽场发病鸽群作出诊断,及时应用新城疫I系苗进行紧急预防接种,使疫情很快得到控制。     

应用间接免疫酶组化法诊断鹌鹑新城疫

新城疫(ND)是极易传染的毁灭性传染病,最常侵害鸡和其他禽类,有关鸡新城疫的诊断方法很多,但鹌鹑新城疫的发病特点与鸡新城疫有些差异,有关应用间接免疫组化法诊断鹌鹑新城疫未见报道。我们采用间接免疫组化法检测NDV抗原在人工感染、自然感染病例的患鹑体内的分布特点,以期为诊断鹌鹑新城疫提供依据。 1 材料与方法 1.1 NDV种毒 A株NDV,由我院微生物教研室从病死鹌鹑分离并确证为NDV;F_(48)E_8株NDV由中监所引进。以上两毒株用前经鸡胚传代,分离病毒于     

鸽副韶病毒Ⅰ型灭活疫苗（S-1株）与鸡新城疫灭活疫苗对比试验

鸽副黏病毒Ⅰ型（PPMV-Ⅰ）是鸡新城疫病毒（NDV）的变异株,它不同于典型的NDV,它与NDV是两个不同宿主的适应株。具有NDV相似的特性,病毒表面的血凝素和神经氨酸酶能凝集鸡和某些哺乳动物红细胞,这种凝集作用可被特异性的血清所抑制。这种特异性被应用于血凝抑制试验检测血清中相应的抗体效价,以评价疫苗的免疫效果或疾病的诊断。虽然PPMV-Ⅰ与NDV存在极高的交叉反应,有生产场使用新城疫疫苗预防PPMV-Ⅰ感染,但在生产实践中证实这种免疫效果不够理想。为了比较两种疫苗对未免疫鸽的免疫效果,本实验室进行了鸽副黏病毒Ⅰ型灭活疫苗（S-1株）与鸡新城疫灭活疫苗免疫效力对比试验,现将试验情况总结如下：     

基因VII型新城疫的研究进展

新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的鸡和多种禽类的急性高度接触性传染病,呈败血症经过.目前,基因VII型新城疫病毒分布最为广泛,危害最为严重.新城疫因致病毒株不同,所引起的症状和病变等亦有很大差异.眼下国内很多流行的强毒株大多属于基因VII型.本文对基因VII型新城疫的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、实验室检测和防治等进行总结,以为科学防控新城疫提供参考.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.