芦笋试管苗根尖染色体制片技术研究

以芦笋试管苗根尖为试材,对其染色体制片技术的取样时间、预处理液、解离时间、染色剂等方面进行了试验研究,并对芦笋染色体数目进行了观察。结果表明,根尖取样时间以上午9：00最佳,用0．002mol／L的8-羟基喹啉4℃下预处理4h,经卡诺固定液固定4h后,在1mol／L盐酸60℃下恒温水浴中解离10min,改良的苯酚品红溶液染色5min后压片镜检,能取得良好的制片效果。芦笋染色体数目观察表明,芦笋的染色体数目为2n=20。     

木薯叶片染色体制片技术研究

以木薯嫩叶为材料,对其染色体制片技术的取样时间、预处理药剂、固定液、解离方法以及染色剂等方面进行了试验研究。结果表明：取材时间为上午8：30~10：00,用0.1％秋水仙素与0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉混合液室温预处理 3 h,经固定液（无水酒精 ∶ 氯仿 ∶ 冰醋酸=6 ∶ 3 ∶ 1）固定,用1 mol/L盐酸60 ℃下解离8 min,再用改良苯酚品红染色压片镜检,能取得良好的分裂相效果。     

橡胶草染色体制片技术研究

以橡胶草根尖和嫩叶为材料，对其染色体制片技术的取样时间、预处理试剂、解离方法及解离时间进行比较研究。结果表明：橡胶草根尖和嫩叶取样最佳时间均为上午8：00～10：00；2 mmol/L 8-羟基喹啉溶液室温预处理4 h效果最好；根尖和嫩叶用1 mol/L盐酸于60℃下分别酸解10和12 min效果良好。     

黄麻染色体制备若干方法比较研究

本研究以圆果黄麻179为材料,采用了不同预处理条件下去壁低渗涂片法、去壁低渗悬液法、预先固定去壁低渗涂片法、不同酸解时间下的酸解离常规压片法等4种方法进行制片效果的比较.结果表明,根尖用0.002mol·L-18-羟基喹啉溶液预处理,酸解8.5min的常规压片法制得的染色体中期分裂图片效果相对较好,染色体形态良好、分散度适当、缢痕清晰,背景清楚.     

姜科植物染色体制片方法的优化

以白姜花根尖为材料,通过预处理、固定、解离和染色等步骤,对染色体制片技术进行改良,得到了一种简单高效的可用于植物染色体数目分析的制片技术,主要步骤包括"取材-酸解离-低渗-染色-压片"。采用改良技术得到的制片细胞膨大、染色体分散、形态清晰、分色良好。用该方法对白姜花、金姜花、所罗门姜黄和红艳郁金等的体细胞染色体数目进行检测,结果分别如下:白姜花2n=34,金姜花2n=34,所罗门姜黄2n=63,红艳郁金2n=49。     

三个亚麻品种染色体核型分析

本文对“双亚5号”、“范妮”和“y5z-093”亚麻离体根尖染色体进行了研究,采用不同预处理方法、盐酸解离时间及染色条件,观察分裂相的数目、染色体收缩程度、分散度以及着色特点。结果表明,最佳处理方法为：0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉室温下处理根尖3 h：1mol/L盐酸60℃下解离根尖10min：改良石炭酸品红染色2h后压片。此法所得分裂相多,染色体分散度较好,长度适中,着色深。这三种亚麻根尖染色体核型公式均为2n=28m＋4sm,但核型类型有所差别,“范妮”的核型类型为“1B”,‘双亚5号’和‘y5z-093’核型类型均为“2B”。     

木薯根尖染色体制片方法的优化

以华南6号木薯根尖为材料,采用酶解去壁低渗法和压片法,制备木薯染色体标本,并对其制片过程中的预处理药品、预处理时间、酶解时间等因子进行优化。结果表明：酶解去壁低渗法能获得较好的染色体标本,α-溴代萘与对二氯苯饱和液的混合液和0．1％的秋水仙素与0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉混合液的预处理效果最好,预处理时间以2 h为宜,酶解时间4 h效果最好。     

毛酸浆2个栽培品种的核型分析

以毛酸浆的根尖为实验材料,对几种预处理方法、解离方法、染色体制片方法进行了比较研究。结果表明:毛酸浆根尖用0.1%秋水仙素和0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉1∶1混合液4℃条件下处理3 h,固定后先用1 mol/L HCl在60℃条件下解离3 min,再用混合酶液进行酶解,染色制片后得到的染色体图像效果比较清晰。供试的2个品种染色体数目均为2n=24,属于小型染色体,但它们的核型具有明显差异,‘铁把小菇娘’:染色体总长为30.72μm,绝对长度范围1.61~3.42μm,核型公式2n=2sm+22m,属于1B核型,核型不对称系数为56.35%;‘粒粒甜菇娘’:染色体总长28.42μm,绝对长度范围1.52~3.32μm,核型公式2n=2sm+2M+20m,属于2B核型,核型不对称系数为54.93%。     

尖叶牛樟染色体制片优化与核型分析

本研究以尖叶牛樟根尖为材料,采用酶解去壁低渗法制片,探讨不同预处理方式和酶解时间对牛樟根尖染色体制片的影响,并对其进行核型分析,以期为牛樟的起源、演化及遗传育种提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:于9:00—11:00进行取材,用0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉液预处理2 h,4%果胶酶和5%纤维素酶酶解5 h,能获得较佳的染色体制片。核型分析结果表明:尖叶牛樟的染色体数目为24条,核型公式为2n=2x=24=22m+2sm,第10对染色体带有随体,属于2B类型,核型不对称系数55.81%。核型对称程度较高,这表明尖叶牛樟可能进化程度较低,属于比较原始的物种。     

橡胶树叶片染色体制片方法的优化

采用压片法、酶解去壁低渗法和悬液法等方法,对橡胶树热研7-33-97古铜期嫩叶染色体制片及其过程中预处理药剂、预处理时间、前低渗温度、酶解时间等因子进行了探讨.结果表明:悬液法更适合橡胶树叶片染色体制片.最佳预处理药剂为0.1%的秋水仙素和0.002mol/L 8-羟基喹啉混合液,预处理时间为2 h.酶解温度37℃,时间为5～7 h.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。