农杆菌介导的水稻Waxy基因过量表达的初步研究

采用RT-PCR技术克隆水稻Waxy基因,并构建该基因的过量表达载体,在农杆菌介导下利用建立的水稻遗传转化体系将目的基因转入水稻。转基因水稻经PCR检测及实时定量PCR拷贝数检测均表明外源基因已成功导入水稻,且多数为单拷贝插入。半定量PCR检测结果显示,导入水稻的外源Waxy基因已成功表达,并使得该基因的表达量较对照有明显提高。水稻Waxy基因过量表达载体的成功转化,将为该基因功能的深入研究及水稻直链淀粉合成的调控奠定基础。     

利用远缘杂交创制多源基因水稻新材料及水稻育种研究策略

概述了远缘杂交类型,提出以转异属植物菰的后代优良材料作为受体,以菰及其它异属植物作为基因供体,通过不同远缘杂交技术,将多种外源植物基因导入同一水稻受体中,创制出多源基因水稻新材料,提出了外源基因植物供体的选择、转基因后代的处理以及如何同水稻育种相结合,缩短育种年限选育水稻品种等方面的研究策略。     

转基因水稻后代中外源基因的遗传表达及其对非目标性状的影响

转基因技术是进行水稻品种遗传改良的一种新的技术手段。综述了近年来国内外转基因水稻后代目标性状的遗传表达及其影响因素、外源基因导入对水稻受体非目标性状的影响及其产生变异的原因、转基因水稻杂交配组应用等方面的研究进展。     

外源基因转水稻的途径、遗传行为和表达

随着分子生物学和转基因技术的快速发展,人类对外源基因在植物体内的遗传和表达有了进一步的认识。本文着重介绍了水稻转基因技术以及外源基因在水稻中的遗传、表达行为。     

转抗菌肽B基因和bar基因籼稻植株的再生

 运用基因枪法将含有bar基因和cecropin B基因的质粒pCB1导入籼稻品种特青的幼胚细胞,筛选后得到3株转基因植株。PCR检测和Southern杂交结果表明,外源基因已整合到水稻基因组中。转化当代植株表现出对Basta很强的抗性,同时也增强了对水稻白叶枯病的抗性。     

利用外源钾通道基因改良水稻钾素营养

通过基因枪导入法,将外源钾通道基因 (KAT1和AKT1)导入水稻中花8号、中花9号、中花13以及8706中,获得了转基因植株,经分子检测,证实了钾通道基因在水稻基因组中的整合与表达。盆栽试验表明,转基因植株在低钾和高钾两种钾水平下其钾的累积能力都有明显提高。     

高蛋白质水稻育种的新进展

利用水稻×玉米进行远缘杂文，育成了高蛋白质水稻新品种９个。在此基础上，应用外源ＤＮＡ导入技术，转育成了一系列新的高产、高蛋白质、优质的水稻新品系。     

水稻远缘外源DNA导入创制新资源研究进展

通过远缘杂交的方法,将异源植物的优良基因转移到水稻中,打破不良性状连锁,实现优良性状结合。研究结果表明,转基因后代的性状变异深刻,类型丰富多样,其中农艺性状上的优良变异较多,因而在多抗、高产、优质育种上取得了较显著的进展。就国内水稻远缘杂交研究的供体、杂交方法、后代表现以及在育种上应用情况作了全面阐述。对外源基因导入的过程以及创制新资源和选育新品种研究进展情况进行了详细介绍。认为远缘杂交技术对引进外源基因,丰富水稻基因库,创造新资源行之有效,且方法简便易行。在转基因方法上,认为复态导入法可以更好地保持供体DNA的完整性,更有利于多基因的转入。     

水稻分子育种的研究现状

本文综述了水稻分子育种的兴起、发展与研究现状。较全面地介绍了分子育种的由来，外源ＤＮＡ导入的方法，导入后代性状的变异与遗传，外源ＤＮＡ导入的分子验证，ＤＮＡ的提取与纯化，育种效果与育种程序等。作者根据多年从事该项研究的实践，对外源ＤＮＡ导入技术迅速发展的原因及有关机理进行了讨论。     

Amy32B启动子在水稻中的表达分析

根据已报道的在大麦糊粉层特异表达的α-淀粉酶基因Amy32B,利用序列合成技术将Amy32B启动子与红色荧光蛋白基因RFP融合在一起,构建植物表达载体,并由农杆菌介导法导入水稻品种明恢86中,对转基因水稻植株中的红色荧光蛋白RFP活性进行检测。结果表明,Amy32B启动子在水稻中同样具有活性,在糊粉层背部特异表达,在整个植株中也有微弱本底表达。这表明Amy32B启动子为外源基因在转基因水稻糊粉层中高表达提供了新的工具,也为研究基因工程改良水稻提供了新的参考。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。