转基因水稻中重组植酸酶的表达

为通过在转基因植株中表达植酸酶降解植酸来提高水稻中无机磷利用率,构建了由玉米泛素基因Ubi启动子控制的植酸酶基因植物表达载体,并以来源于水稻未成熟胚的愈伤组织作为转化受体,经农杆菌介导法将植酸酶基因导入水稻中,共获得15个独立的转基因株系。对转基因水稻总DNA的PCR和Southern 杂交分析证明目的基因已整合入转基因水稻植株基因组中,并能稳定遗传。对部分转基因水稻未成熟种子总RNA进行RT PCR分析,表明导入的植酸酶基因能够在转基因水稻种子中正常表达。无机磷含量分析表明含目的基因的转基因水稻种子及其后代叶片中的无机磷含量较未转化植株均有了明显的提高。     

水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用

LOX3是主要的水稻种胚脂氧合酶同工酶。为了研究水稻LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用,构建了LOX3基因的反义植物表达载体,用农杆菌介导法转化水稻品种武运粳7号和Kasalath,获得了转基因植株。PCR和Southern鉴定证实基因已经导入水稻基因组中,种胚LOX3缺失鉴定和半定量RT PCR分析证实反义RNA抑制了LOX3基因的表达。对T2代转基因植株进行了水分胁迫处理及稻瘟病和白叶枯病的接种鉴定。结果显示,与非转基因对照相比,反义LOX3转基因植株对水分胁迫、稻瘟病和白叶枯病都表现敏感,说明水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫反应中发挥一定的作用。     

外源木聚糖酶基因atx在水稻中的表达

 为通过在转基因植株中表达木聚糖酶来提高木聚糖酶的生产效率,将具有较高热稳定性和催化活性的杂合木聚糖酶基因atx连接到双元表达载体pCAMBIA1301上,成功构建了木聚糖酶植物表达载体atx Ru3ep 1301。然后以水稻成熟胚的愈伤组织作为转化受体,采用农杆菌介导法将木聚糖酶基因导入水稻(中花11)中。经过潮霉素抗性检测和PCR鉴定,证实目的基因已经整合到转基因水稻基因组中。RT PCR分析结果显示,外源木聚糖酶基因能够在CaMV 35S启动子的引导下在转基因水稻中正常转录。转基因水稻能够正常生长和繁殖。木聚糖酶活性分析表明,转基因植株最高木聚糖酶活性约为4.37 U/g（鲜叶片）。因此,利用转基因水稻生产木聚糖酶将会是一种经济、有效的方法。     

转基因水稻经花药培养获得纯系的研究

 利用基于苯乙酸的一步成苗法,获得了来源于多个品种转基因水稻当代植株的花培苗上百株。对其中两个含bar基因插入的转基因粳稻当代植株京引119-B3和京引119-B4的花培植株及其后代进行了详细的研究分析。bar基因在所获得的单倍体和二倍体花培植株中均可正常表达出对除草剂Basta的抗性。PCR、Southern分析进一步证明导入的bar基因在绝大多数花培植株中没有发生变化。即使对粳稻京引119-B4这一有多位点插入的转基因植株,花药培养也可达到使外源基因一次纯合、后代不再分离的目的。结果表明对转基因植株进行花药培养可用于快速纯合外源基因以获得纯系。并就这一技术体系的技术要点进行了讨论。     

CbDREB1A基因表达载体构建及转化水稻光温敏核不育系的研究

为了增强荠菜DREB1A基因在转基因水稻中的表达,构建了由Ubi启动子驱动的植物表达载体pUΩCbDREB3300.通过基因枪转化法将CbDREB1A基因导入水稻光温敏核不育系4008S,获得5个抗干旱胁迫的再生植株.运用PCR及Southern杂交技术对抗性再生植株进行鉴定,结果显示CbDREB1A基因已整合到水稻基因组中.干旱胁迫后转基因水稻植株脯氨酸含量显著高于对照,显示耐旱性增强.     

转基因与常规杂交相结合改良水稻耐盐性

通过农杆菌介导法和基因枪法将CMO、BADH、mtlD、gutD和SAMDC基因以单价或双价的形式导入水稻常规品种中,再结合常规杂交育种,选育5价强耐盐性的转基因水稻植株。1~5价9类组合的水稻品系,经PCR分子检测,在转基因后代中多价目的基因聚合,遗传稳定,且分子检测与田间耐盐性的表现一致。转基因植株在盐碱地中能正常生长,拓展了水稻常规品种耐盐性。并已获得耐0.5%~1.0%NaCl的T秀水11——品3、品6和品7等9份优良株系或中间材料。     

转抗菌肽B基因和bar基因籼稻植株的再生

 运用基因枪法将含有bar基因和cecropin B基因的质粒pCB1导入籼稻品种特青的幼胚细胞,筛选后得到3株转基因植株。PCR检测和Southern杂交结果表明,外源基因已整合到水稻基因组中。转化当代植株表现出对Basta很强的抗性,同时也增强了对水稻白叶枯病的抗性。     

子房注射法将Bt基因导入超甜玉米

用子房注射法将Bt基因导入超甜玉米品种粤甜3号,获得了1株整合有Bt基因的转基因植株,定名为ZT11,以发芽成苗的植株计算,基因转化效率达9.09%。经PCR和Southernblot分析,证明抗虫基因已经整合在超甜玉米基因组中,并且为单拷贝。T1代植株PCR检测结果表明,Bt基因能够在转基因后代中稳定遗传,基因分离符合1∶1的孟德尔遗传分离规律。     

转小萝卜γ-硫堇蛋白基因RsAFP1水稻的获得及其稻瘟病抗性初步鉴定

将从小萝卜中分离的硫堇蛋白类基因RsAFP1通过基因工程的方法导入带有泛素Ubiquitin启动子及抗除草剂Bar基因的植物双元表达载体pCAMBIA1300中,经农杆菌介导对圣稻13进行遗传转化。对获得的阳性转基因植株进行稻瘟病菌体外及室内苗期稻瘟病菌接种抗性鉴定,结合田间自然发病情况,对转基因植株的抗稻瘟病性进行综合评价。初步结果表明,外源RsAFP1基因的导入可在一定程度上提高水稻对稻瘟病的抗性。     

高钾植物DNA导入栽培烟草引起后代性状变异研究

利用花粉管通道法将高钾植物空心莲子草、商陆和马齿苋的总体DNA导入栽培烟草品种K326中,以引起后代烟叶含钾量大幅度提高。结果表明:3种供体植物DNA导入烤烟后,D0代15%的烟株烟叶钾含量高于2.5%,其中有1株烟叶钾含量高达5.06%。导入后的D9代6个株系的主要农艺性状与受体(K326)相比,株高、叶数、节距和生育期均无多大变化,而在叶面积(长×宽)、茎围和产量3个性状方面与受体相比有较大变化。6个新品系的烟叶含钾量均比对照(K326)有较大的提高,除CD9-08的差异达显著水平外,其它5个新品系均达极显著水平。高钾植物DNA导入栽培烟草,显著改变了受体群体烟叶钾含量,证明导入是有效的。     

利用dsRNA干涉方法研究水稻WRKY转录因子的抗病性

 为了研究植物WRKY基因编码的转录因子在水稻上的功能，构建了包含WRKY保守结构域的dsRNA发夹结构干涉载体，用农杆菌介导法转野生型水稻中花11，得到9个有干涉表型的株系。PCR和Southern结果表明dsRNA已整合入中花11的基因组中，且多数为单拷贝。结合T-DNA插入的WRKY突变体植株T456，研究了其中的3个干涉苗和T456对稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗性，发现3个干涉苗对这两种水稻主要病害的抗性均明显强于T456和中花11，且T456比中花11略抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病，表明dsRNA干涉是成功的，它可能干涉或抑制了某些OsWRKY家族中负向调控抗病基因的成员。     

Genetic Transformation of Rice with Pi-d2 Gene Enhances Resistance to Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

The gene Pi-d2, conferring gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain ZB15, was isolated from a rice variety (Digu) by the map-based cloning strategy. Here, we constructed a control plasmid pZH01-pi-d2tp309 (pZH01-tp309) and three different expression constructs, pCB-Pi-d25.3kb (pCB5.3kb), pCB-Pi-d26.3kb (pCB6.3kb) and pZH01-Pi-d22.72kb (pZH01-2.72kb) of Pi-d2, driven by Pi-d2 gene's own promoter or CaMV35S promoter. These constructs were separately introduced into japonica rice varieties Lijiangxintuanhegu, Taipei 309, Nipponbare and Zhonghua 9 through Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. A total of 150 transgenic rice plants were obtained from the regenerated calli selected on hygromycin. PCR, RT-PCR and Southern-blotting assay showed that the gene of interest had been integrated into rice genome and stably inherited. Thirty-five transgenic lines independently derived from T1 progeny were inoculated with the rice blast strain ZB15. Transformants exhibited resistance to rice blast at various levels. The lesions on the transgenic plant leaves were less severe than those on the controls and the resistance level of transgenic plants harboring the gene of interest from three vectors had no difference. The own promoter of Pi-d2, about 2.2 kb or 3.2 kb, had the similar promoter function as CaMV35S. Field evaluation for three successive years supported the results of artificial trial, and some lines with high resistance to rice leaf blast and neck blast were obtained.     

Overexpression of potassium channel genes in rice plant

China′ s potassium fertilizer mainly depends on import and the utilization efficiency of K fertilizer was only 30% . So it is very important to enhance utilization efficiency and to reduce its applying amount by improving nutrition characteristics of plant with bioengineering techinques. Potassium channel genes AKT1 and KAT1 were the genes involved in K+ uptake. To investigate the role of heterogeneous K channel genes in the enhancement of K absorbing, genes AKT1 and KAT1 were transferred into four rice varieties, i.e. Zhonghua 8, Zhonghua 9, Zhonghua 13, and 8706.     

Discrimination of Transgenic Rice Based on Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares Regression Discriminant Analysis

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS), a non-destructive measurement technique, was combined with partial least squares regression discrimiant analysis(PLS-DA) to discriminate the transgenic(TCTP and mi166) and wild type(Zhonghua 11) rice. Furthermore, rice lines transformed with protein gene(Os TCTP) and regulation gene(Osmi166) were also discriminated by the NIRS method. The performances of PLS-DA in spectral ranges of 4 000–8 000 cm-1 and 4 000–10 000 cm-1 were compared to obtain the optimal spectral range. As a result, the transgenic and wild type rice were distinguished from each other in the range of 4 000–10 000 cm-1, and the correct classification rate was 100.0% in the validation test. The transgenic rice TCTP and mi166 were also distinguished from each other in the range of 4 000–10 000 cm-1, and the correct classification rate was also 100.0%. In conclusion, NIRS combined with PLS-DA can be used for the discrimination of transgenic rice.     

转hrf1基因水稻对稻瘟病多小种非专化的稳定抗性

以表达水稻白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae）编码harpin广谱抗性激发子的hrf1基因的转基因系为材料,在温室和田间病圃鉴定它们对稻瘟病菌的抗性,分析转基因水稻抗稻瘟病的作用机制。研究结果显示,转hrf1基因水稻对稻瘟病菌ZC3、ZD1和ZG1小种表现高抗,对ZB13表现中抗,表明hrf1基因在水稻中表达可以产生非小种专化抗性。在稻瘟病圃中对水稻稻瘟病抗性鉴定结果显示,转hrf1基因水稻在T1、T3、T5和T7代对稻瘟病菌都表现很好的抗性,表明转hrf1基因水稻对稻瘟病菌的抗性能稳定遗传。 转hrf1基因抗病水稻中防卫反应基因OsPR1a、OsPR1b、PAL和Chia4a以及正向调控水杨酸介导信号传导的NPR1基因的表达显著增强。转基因抗病水稻中硅含量显著提高。Harpin编码基因在水稻中表达,可能通过激发水稻中防卫反应基因的表达,提高水稻中硅含量等,从而使水稻产生对稻瘟病菌的广谱抗性。     

缺钾胁迫对水稻光合特性及光合防御机制的影响

以钾敏感型品种二九丰和钾钝感型品种原丰早为材料,研究了缺钾对水稻光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响以及光合防御机制,并对缺钾条件下的光合防御机制进行了讨论。在缺钾条件下,两品种的净光合速率(Pn)随气孔导度(Gs)的下降而下降;光合作用的关键酶Rubisco含量降低,而抗氧化酶系统的关键酶SOD活性显著上升。进一步的叶绿素荧光特性研究表明,随着钾胁迫时间的延长,缺钾水稻叶片中的 Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ、qP及ETR均显著下降,说明PSⅡ反应中心受到伤害。缺钾也降低了水稻叶片的光饱和点,PSⅡ吸收的光能超过了光合作用所能利用的光能。缺钾叶片NPQ显著上升,说明钾胁迫下的水稻叶片通过启动热耗散机制耗散过剩的激发能,以减轻因PSⅡ吸收过多光能而引起的光抑制和光氧化从而保护光合机构免受伤害。从品种间的差异来看,原丰早在缺钾条件下,由于仍有较强的光合能力和抗光抑制能力,因此对缺钾有更强的耐性。     

Down-Regulated Expression of RACK1 Gene by RNA Interference Enhances Drought Tolerance in Rice

The receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) is a highly conserved scaffold protein with versatile functions, and plays important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Transgenic rice plants, in which the expression of RACK1 gene was inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi), were studied to elucidate the possible functions of RACK1 in responses to drought stress in rice. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of RACK1 in transgenic rice plants was inhibited by more than 50%. The tolerance to drought stress of the transgenic rice plants was higher as compared with the non-transgenic rice plants. The peroxidation of membrane and the production of malondialdehyde were significantly lower, and the superoxide dismutase activity in transgenic rice plants was significantly higher than those in non-trangenic rice plants. It is suggested that RACK1 negatively regulated the redox system-related tolerance to drought stress of rice plants.