钱江源开门红红茶标准化关键加工技术研究

为明确钱江源开门红红茶的标准化加工技术，以鸠坑种为研究对象，通过分析其采用不同萎凋温度、萎凋程度，以及不同发酵温度、发酵时间所制的钱江源开门红红茶的理化成分和感官品质的差异，探究了不同加工工艺对钱江源开门红红茶品质形成的影响。结果表明，萎凋温度28℃、萎凋叶含水率62%～64%、发酵温度30℃、发酵3.5 h是加工钱江源开门红红茶的最佳工艺条件，所制红茶具有甜花香、甜爽的优异品质。研究为钱江源开门红红茶的标准化加工提供了参考。     

福建工夫红茶萎凋及发酵工艺参数优化研究

以优化福建工夫红茶发酵配套工艺参数为目标,采用三因素三水平的响应面中心试验设计,优化发酵工艺参数。采用不同萎凋时间、发酵温度和发酵时间,同时对加工过程中茶色素的变化做出研究。选取具有代表性的传统加工福建工夫红茶的茶厂,采集加工过程的样品,做出化学测定分析及感官品质分析,找出福建工夫红茶加工工艺的最优参数,新工艺发酵的茶样品质均匀、叶底红亮,香气和滋味品质明显提升,感官品质总分较传统发酵提高2.1分。     

工夫红茶萎凋及发酵工艺参数优化研究

以优化工夫红茶发酵配套工艺参数为目标,采用三因素三水平的响应面中心试验设计,优化发酵工艺参数。采用不同萎凋时间、发酵温度和发酵时间,同时对加工过程中茶色素的变化做出研究。选取具有代表性的传统加工福建工夫红茶的茶厂,采集加工过程的样品,做出化学测定分析及感官品质分析,找出福建工夫红茶加工工艺的最优参数,新工艺发酵的茶样品质均匀、叶底红亮,香气和滋味品质明显提升,感官品质总分较传统发酵提高2.1分。     

红茶发酵与干燥工序技术理论与品质关系的探讨

发酵是红茶加工的特征工艺,是红茶品质形成的重要工序之一。发酵前萎凋方式及发酵过程中温度、湿度、pH值、通氧量、发酵时间和程度等环境因素是影响红茶发酵品质的重要因素。采用不同干燥方式和干燥设备,控制干燥的温度、时间、速度和初烘的程度等,可更好的发展红茶的品质。本文就红茶发酵和干燥技术等方面对红茶品质的影响进行综述,以期能为红茶加工工艺的改进与创新工艺的发展提供一些思路。     

红茶加工过程中发酵技术研究进展

发酵是红茶初制的关键工序,本文综合介绍了发酵原理及发酵过程中发酵温度、湿度、时间和通氧量与红茶品质的关系,旨在为今后红茶加工工艺的创新及品质的改善提供参考。     

传统红茶与乌龙茶晒青工艺结合的加工技术研究

目的：研究传统红茶与乌龙茶晒青工艺相结合的创新加工技术。方法：在采取传统红茶工艺的基础上结合乌龙茶晒青工艺，进行茶叶加工技术的研究。结果：对传统红茶与乌龙茶晒青工艺相结合的加工技术流程和数据进行总结，为：鲜叶、晒青（鲜叶的失水率为6%-10%）、萎凋（萎凋叶含水量为62%-64%）、揉捻、发酵（发酵温度设置在32℃、发酵时间为3.5h）、造型、烘干和提香，最终得到品质高的新型红茶。结论：通过适宜的调节晒青程度、萎凋程度、控制发酵过程，可以在传统红茶与乌龙茶晒青工艺结合的条件下得到高品质的红茶成品。     

紫玫瑰夏茶加工花果香型红茶试验初报

本试验以紫玫瑰夏茶一芽二、三叶为原料,试验设不同摇青与发酵两因素进行花香型红茶加工试验。结果表明,不同摇青程度对花果香型红茶品质影响差异显著,摇青有利于提高红茶香气;控制发酵温度在25℃茶叶品质显著高于温度在32℃。控制发酵温度为25℃左右,摇青3次,总转数为90转的处理,花果香型红茶福安红品质最优。     

紫玫瑰夏茶加工花果香型红茶试验初报

本试验以紫玫瑰夏茶一芽二、三叶为原料,试验设不同摇青与发酵两因素进行花香型红茶加工试验。结果表明,不同摇青程度对花果香型红茶品质影响差异显著,摇青有利于提高红茶香气;控制发酵温度在25℃的茶叶品质显著高于温度在32℃。控制发酵温度为25℃左右,摇青3次,总转数为90转的处理,花果香型红茶福安红品质最优。     

基于EDEM和RSM的红茶发酵机参数优化

发酵是红茶品质形成的关键工序，而发酵条件是影响发酵程度的重要因素。为优化自行设计的滚筒式红茶发酵机性能参数，使用离散元仿真方法(Extended distinct element method,EDEM)对柔性刮板的转速进行3个梯度的仿真并比较其翻拌的均匀性；并以感官得分作为评价指标，采用响应面法(Response surface method,RSM)对影响发酵品质的3个关键因素(发酵温度、发酵时间、翻拌间隔)进行优化。结果表明，36(°)·s^-1的转速下发酵叶翻拌的均匀性最好；基于此转速，各因素对发酵品质的影响重要性顺序为发酵时间>发酵温度>翻拌间隔，最优工艺参数为：发酵时间230 min，发酵温度28.5℃，翻拌间隔20 min。     

不同厌氧时间对绿茶和红茶加工品质的影响

以'福鼎大白茶'、'黄金芽'和'白叶1号'的一芽二叶鲜叶为试验材料,采用不同厌氧时间(0、2、4、8 h)富集γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的方式,结合绿茶和红茶工艺制备样品,探讨不同厌氧时间对绿茶与红茶工艺茶叶的GABA及主要品质成分的影响.结果表明,随厌氧时间延长,两种工艺茶叶的GABA含量均呈极显著增加趋势,游离氨基酸含量显著增加,茶多酚和水浸出物含量下降,咖啡碱含量变化不大.相同厌氧时间内,红茶工艺茶叶GABA富集量显著高于绿茶工艺茶叶,且高氨基酸茶树品种的GABA富集效果较好,黄金芽在绿茶和红茶工艺中GABA含量最高,分别为2.64 mg·g-1、2.69 mg·g-1.以厌氧温度为25℃、真空度为0.09 Mpa,厌氧时间为4 h的条件,分别结合杀青锅温为180℃,投叶量300 g,杀青时间为2min的绿茶工艺和以发酵温度为28℃,湿度为90％,发酵时间为4 h的红茶工艺,所制得的绿茶清香浓郁、滋味清爽,红茶香气高长、滋味醇厚,综合品质最佳,且达GABA茶标准.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。