鹿肚耳与3种木耳的营养价值评价

综述皱木耳Auricularia delicata新品种"鹿肚耳"的形态特征和食用特点,测定其与黑木耳、毛木耳、毛木耳白色变种"玉木耳"人工栽培子实体的基本营养成分、矿质元素含量和氨基酸组成,评价其营养价值。结果表明:鹿肚耳热量235 kJ/100g、蛋白质7.21 g/100g、脂肪1.5 g/100g、碳水化合物48.4 g/100g、总膳食纤维29.3g/100g,含有5种常量元素、5种必需微量元素,其中,硒元素含量是黑木耳的4.6倍;含有人体所需的8种必需氨基酸,氨基酸化学评分(CS)和氨基酸评分(ASS)分别为12和18.86,色氨酸为其限制性氨基酸;蛋白质综合评价低于其他3种木耳。     

超表达OsPR1A增强了Xa21介导的水稻对白叶枯病的抗性反应

【背景】前期研究发现,水稻病程相关蛋白质OsPR1A的表达受上游抗病基因Xa21调控,接菌后早期启动Xa21介导的OsPR1A较高水平表达对水稻抵抗白叶枯病菌至关重要。同时OsPR1A也受到水稻白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae,Xoo）的诱导表达。对于OsPR1A的研究绝大部分是作为抗性反应发生的标志基因佐证其他基因或途径在抗性中的作用,缺乏直接的证据证实OsPR1A本身的生物学功能。【目的】通过获得OsPR1a-OX超表达转基因植株,调查其表型及农艺性状,并明确OsPR1A蛋白质表达与抗性的关系,为鉴定OsPR1A功能提供依据。【方法】通过农杆菌介导法,将构建的OsPR1a-OX转化载体转入到水稻受体4021中,利用PCR和免疫印迹（western blot,WB）技术分别在基因水平和蛋白质水平上筛选并鉴定OsPR1A超表达阳性纯合株系。在成熟期,调查OsPR1A超表达转基因植株的表型及农艺性状（株高、穗长、分蘖数、结实率和籽粒大小等）。在31℃条件下,将生长2周的水稻幼苗TP309、4021和OsPR1A超表达转基因植株接种水稻白叶枯病菌,并在接菌0、2、4、6、8、10和12 d时测量病斑长度。在接菌0、4和6 d时,收集TP309、4021和OsPR1A超表达转基因植株的水稻叶片,提取蛋白质,利用WB技术检测OsPR1A的表达特征。【结果】构建了OsPR1a-OX转化载体,并转入到受体4021中,筛选并鉴定到2个OsPR1A超表达转基因纯合株系（#704和#709）。调查了OsPR1A超表达转基因植株在成熟期的表型及农艺性状,与对照4021相比,#704和#709的株高较矮、穗长较短、分蘖数减少、结实率降低,但籽粒稍大,可能与结实率低有关。在31℃条件下,OsPR1A超表达转基因植株的病斑长度与对照4021相比明显缩短,结果具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。在接菌0、4和6 d的材料中,超表达转基因植株#704和#709中OsPR1A始终有较高水平的表达丰度,从而提高了对白叶枯病菌的抗性。【结论】采用农杆菌介导法,获得OsPR1A超表达转基因植株;超表达OsPR1A影响到水稻的正常发育过程;超表达OsPR1A后增强了Xa21介导的水稻对白叶枯病的抗性。     

利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与草莓镶脉病毒移动蛋白P1互作的寄主因子

 构建感染草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)森林草莓的酵母cDNA文库,利用酵母双杂交系统,筛选出与SVBV P1蛋白互作的15种寄主因子。生物信息学分析发现,这15种寄主因子参与茉莉酸途径、泛素化、光合作用、抗病抗逆、蛋白修饰、蛋白运输和氧化还原等多种生物过程。另外,这些寄主因子还具有其他分子功能,包括氧化还原酶活性、蛋白二硫化物异构酶活性和金属离子结合活性等。本研究初步探讨了P1与寄主因子的互作机理,为揭示SVBV侵染森林草莓以及SVBV在寄主中扩展的分子机制提供理论依据。     

Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens

We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control.     

鱼腥草系列食品开发及其接受度评价

以新鲜鱼腥草为主要原料,设计开发鱼腥草辣椒酱、鱼腥草袋泡茶、鱼腥草饮料和鱼腥草纤维蛋糕四种鱼腥草系列加工食品,通过感官评价分析每个产品的风味特点和人群接受度。结果表明,鱼腥草搭配其他配料可以加工成酱、茶、饮料和蛋糕等产品,四个鱼腥草系列加工食品的风味各有特点,其中鱼腥草豆豉辣椒酱和鱼腥草粗纤维蛋糕的接受度较高。通过添加配料改善鱼腥草产品的风味,不但保留了鱼腥草的味道,而且使不喜食鲜鱼腥草的人群可以接受其加工型产品。     

Dietary Lipid Levels Affect the Growth Performance,Lipid Deposition,and Antioxidative Capacity of Juvenile Scaleless Carp,Gymnocypris przewalskii,on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

A 56‐d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, lipid deposition, and antioxidative capacity of juvenile scaleless carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii, on Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. One‐year‐old juveniles (initial weight: 15.99 ± 0.02 g) were fed practical diets with different lipid levels of 4, 5.5, 7, 8.5, and 10%, respectively. Results showed that the best specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate, and total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed the diet with 7% lipid level. Fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) had significantly higher condition factor and viscerosomatic index as well as lipid in muscle, intestine, mesenteric fat tissue, and whole body. Highest level of hepatopancreas lipase and lipoprotein lipases activities as well as malondialdehyde content and the lowest level of feed intake and T‐AOC content in hepatopancreas and intestine were also observed in fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on SGR and hepatopancreas T‐AOC content, dietary lipid requirement of juvenile G. przewalskii was estimated to be 7.35 and 7.39%, respectively.     

宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传参数估计和主成分分析

旨在评估宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传水平。本研究使用DMU（v6.0）软件的AI-REML模块结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型对宁夏地区12 415头荷斯坦牛，包括111 735个观察值的9个乳房性状进行遗传参数估计，运用主成分分析法（PCA）探讨构象性状之间的关系。结果表明，宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状遗传力处于中等偏低水平，乳房深度遗传力值为0.242，乳房质地为0.080，悬韧带为0.183，前乳房附着为0.230，前乳头位置为0.231，前乳头长度为0.173，后乳房高为0.272，后乳房宽为0.378，后乳头位置为0.169。各性状遗传相关范围为-0.277~0.706，表型相关范围为-0.084~0.316。研究共筛选出特征值≥1的4个主成分，占总方差的64.19%，且9个乳房性状在前3个主成分中已全部体现，荷载系数均在0.4以上。本研究通过对宁夏地区奶牛DHI数据的深入挖掘和遗传参数估计，准确地把握了宁夏奶牛群体的结构特征，对于奶牛的选种选配和育种规划具有重要意义。     

干旱胁迫下不同品种杨树矿质离子含量变化

【目的】了解杨树在干旱胁迫下矿质离子分布及其动态变化。【方法】以吴屯杨、新疆杨和荷兰杨为实验材料,在中度和重度干旱条件下测定了根、茎、叶和质外体的K^+、Ca^2+、Na^+和Mg^2+等4种离子含量的变化。【结果】干旱胁迫使K^+、Ca^2+和Na^+离子含量上升,Mg^2+含量下降,其中K^+和Ca^2+含量自胁迫开始明显升高,Na^+含量则在中度胁迫之后明显增加。离子在各器官分布情况为:K^+主要分布于杨树的叶片,Ca^2+、Na^+和Mg^2+主要分布于杨树根部,且离子分布存在品种间差异,荷兰杨和新疆杨中K^+分布为:叶>根>茎,而吴屯杨体内K^+分布则为:叶>茎>根;3种杨树中Ca^2+分布均为:根>叶>茎;吴屯杨和荷兰杨中Na^+分布为:根>茎>叶,新疆杨则为:根>叶>茎;在Mg^2+的分布上吴屯杨和新疆杨较为类似即:根>叶>茎,而荷兰杨为叶>根>茎。【结论】干旱胁迫下杨树首选吸收的离子是K^+和Ca^2+,K^+主要分布在杨树的叶片中,其次是根部,Ca^2+主要分布在杨树的根部。重度干旱胁迫下,杨树开始吸收Na^+,储存在杨树的根部。不同品种杨树之间离子的分布和吸收都存在品种差异。质外体作为离子的运输通道,在各干旱条件下运输4种矿质离子至杨树的其他部位,Mg^2+存在滞留在质外体中的情况。本研究可为植物在干旱胁迫下矿质离子吸收和分布的研究提供理论依据。     

Spatio-temporal pattern evolution and spatial spillover effect of green development efficiency: Evidence from Shandong Province,China

Improving green development efficiency is urgently required, yet challenging, since it comprehensively reflects the bidirectional evolutionary relationship between regional development and resource and environmental consumption. The issue of regional green development efficiency has become a key topic; however, where the increase in efficiency originates and its spatial spillover effect remains unclear to date. Therefore, the spatial spillover effect of the green development efficiency of Shandong Province was quantified through the slack variable (SBM)-Undesirable and Spatial Durbin model. The green development efficiency showed clear spatial differentiation in Shandong Province. This was more obvious than the polarized development trend of the provincial capital circle that has Jinan at its core and the eastern coastal region with Qingdao at its core. Green development efficiency has a significant spatial spillover effect. The regression coefficient of the direct effect of the economic development level is positive. The regression coefficient of the indirect effect of the marketization level and government financial support level is negative. Science and technology played a positive role in the promotion of the green development efficiency of local and neighboring cities. This study contributes empirical evidence to the green development efficiency associated with regional development and resource and environment consumption of Shandong Province.     

超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法检测鸡血液样品中喹诺酮类药物残留

旨在建立鸡血液样品中多种喹诺酮类药物残留的超高效液相色谱—串联质谱方法。样品经乙腈提取,经Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱分离,以甲醇和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子（ESI⁺）模式电离,MRM扫描模式检测。经方法学验证,该方法的线性关系、回收率、精密度均符合要求。应用超高效液相色谱—串联质谱法建立了鸡血液样品中多种喹诺酮类药物同时检测的方法,实现了动物血液样品中12种喹诺酮类药物同时定性、定量分析。