我国部分地区Sicinivirus流行病学调查

Sicinivirus是一种禽类新发病毒,可引起家禽发育迟缓综合症、腹泻、吸收不良综合征等。目前,仅部分国家开展了该病毒的流行病学调查,研究数据极为有限。为明确该病毒在我国的流行情况,以及该病毒感染率与地域、宿主、养殖方式之间的关系,2019年下半年在江苏、广西、河北、安徽、广东、上海、湖北和江西8个省(自治区、直辖市),采集25个场点1 920份家禽咽喉/泄殖腔双拭子样品,采用RT-PCR方法进行Sicinivirus检测和基因测序分析。采样场点涉及农贸市场、批发市场、屠宰场和养殖场,样品来自鸡、鸭、鹅以及鸽和鹧鸪等不同禽类。结果显示:25个场点中有13个检出阳性,检出阳性样品134份,个体阳性率为6.97%(134/1 920)。其中,河北、湖北、上海、广东、江苏、江西、广西和安徽的个体阳性率分别为24.16%(58/240)、10.83%(24/240)、5.83%(14/240)、5.41%(13/240)、4.16%(10/240)、2.50%(6/240)、1.66%(4/240)和1.25%(3/240),鸡、鹅和鸽的个体阳性率分别为10.81%(132/1 221)、2.44%(1/41)和0.42%(1/235),鸭和鹧鸪中未检测到Sicinivirus。农贸市场、批发市场和屠宰场的个体阳性率分别为3.00%(18/600)、6.23%(58/930)和24.16%(58/240),养殖场中未检测到Sicinivirus。结果表明,鸡是该病毒主要的易感宿主,不同类型场点感染率差别较大,表明家禽养殖环境与该病毒的感染有较大的关系。     

栉孔扇贝秋季苗种培育、生长特性的初步研究

2004年9月20日～2005年5月9日,在红岛蛤原良种开发有限公司贝类育苗场进行了栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri秋季苗种培育及其生长特性的研究。2004年11月中旬得到的壳高约0.1cm的秋季苗种2.2×106粒,在育苗池中暂养,12月份当水温降到8℃左右时移秋季苗种到保温效果比较好的藻类培育池中培养,苗种可安全过冬。次年5月当海区水温回升到10℃左右时将该苗种移到海上养殖区。2005年5～12月,通过对秋季苗种进行定点采样调查和生物学特性测定,结果表明,扇贝壳高的特定生长率SGR(%/d)在0.22±0.30～3.18±0.41之间,壳高与壳长的关系式为L=0.8101H-0.076,壳高、壳长与体重的关系式分别为W=0.1521H2.6268,W=03625L2.2191,成活率(%)在85±2.45～97.2±2.0之间。5～12月栉孔扇贝没有出现大量死亡现象,顺利地度过了夏季高温期。     

口蹄疫病毒A型竞争ELISA抗体检测试剂盒在流行病学调查中的应用

为评价口蹄疫病毒A型竞争ELISA(cELISA)抗体检测试剂盒在流行病学调查中的应用前景,对2017年从福建省三明市采集的336份黄牛、奶牛、羊和猪血清样品,用A型cELISA抗体检测试剂盒进行抗体检测。结果显示,92份黄牛血清、92份羊血清、92份猪血清、60份奶牛血清的A型抗体阳性率分别为13.04%、11.96%、20.65%、86.67%。从上述4种血清中,各挑选10份血清(阴性、阳性各5份)共40份,采用口蹄疫病毒液相阻断ELISA(LPB-ELISA)抗体检测试剂盒进行验证。结果显示:cELISA检测为阳性的20份血清中,用LPB-ELISA检出阳性19份;cELISA检测为阴性的20份血清中,用LPB-ELISA检出阴性17份;两种方法的κ值为0.8,总符合率为90.00%。结果表明,A型cELISA试剂盒与LPB-ELISA试剂盒的符合率和一致性均较高,可用于口蹄疫流行病学调查和血清学监测。     

猪链球菌2型四川分离株毒力基因的检测及其序列分析

根据猪链球菌2型的MRP、EPF和SLY基因设计合成了四对引物,对我们分离鉴定的2005四川分离株进行毒力因子检测,并对阳性产物测序比较。结果以分离株为模板,获得了与预期结果一致的867bp(MRP)、572bp(EF)的2个片段,以及SLY的长度为1502bp目的片段(外引物)和1443bp的目的片段(内引物)。说明分离株SSsc0501为MRP+EF+SLY+,属于具有3种主要毒力因子的强毒株。经对PCR阳性产物测序及序列分析,结果其与P1/7株的核苷酸序列完全一致,与1933株的同源性达99.7%,仅在128位、217位、744位、1380位、1386位的5个核苷酸发生突变。在氨基酸水平上SSsc0501株与1933株的同源性达99.6%,有2个氨基酸发生替代。     

Isolation,Identification and Complete Genomic Sequence Analysis of Goose Astrovirus

From October 2017 to May 2019, 67 samples of typical goslings gout were collected from Guangdong, Sichuan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Liaoning provinces and other vast goose-raising areas in China. The results showed that goose astrovirus was detected in all samples and about 94.03% of the samples were infected by two different kinds of goose astrovirus. The pathogenicity of goose astrovirus FLX variant strain (named SCCD) which could stably proliferate in goose embryos and kill 10-day-old goose embryos was more virulent than goose astrovirus FLX strain. The new type of goose astrovirus strain (named SDPD) could't stably proliferate in goose embryos and SPF chicken embryos. The whole genome nucleotides homology of goose astrovirus FLX strain with goose astrovirus SCCD strain and the new type goose astrovirus SDPD strain were 89.7% and 58.1%, the amino acids homology of ORF1b gene were 98.4% and 61.0%, the amino acids homology of ORF2 gene were 81.0% and 42.5%, respectively. The newly isolated goose astrovirus strains were inoculated into 1-day-old healthy goslings, the results showed that although the goose astrovirus SCCD strain and the new type goose astrovirus SDPD strain could cause the death of goslings and the changes of hepatitis, kidney swelling and weight loss, none of the goslings showed typical gout characteristics (urate deposition in the organs of the body), however, 44% of goslings were characterized with typical gout which was consistent with the symptoms of natural disease after coinfected by the two goose astrovirus strains. Therefore, the pathogenic agents of goslings gout may be two different kinds of goose astrovirus, namely the new type of goose astrovirus and the variant of goose astrovirus FLX.     

Isolation and Identification of Group I Type 4 Avian Adenovirus and Analysis in Immune Effect of Fiber-2 Protein

The aim of this study was to identify pathogens, which caused pericardial effusion, hepatomegaly and bleeding at a chicken farm in Henan province, and furthermore to analyze effectiveness of immunogenic proteins of the pathogen. This study employed virus isolation, serological assays, PCR and sequencing analysis, animal experimentation, E. coli expression and protein purification, immunogenicity and challenge test and other methods. The results showed that virus was isolated in 7-day-old SPF chicken embryonated eggs, inoculated via the yolk sac route by two blind passages. Viral confirmation was carried out using PCR techniques, and showed a 900-bp-long fragment which shared a 100% homology with the Hexon gene of the serotype C4 strain. Serum neutralization results indicated that this isolate avian adenovirus was the group I type 4 avian adenovirus, named HN-ZK strain. The virus could induce CPE on primary hepatocytes of chicken embryo, and its titer was 10^7.5 TCID₅₀·0.1 mL^-1. Animal experimentation illustrated that the isolated virus caused 100% (10/10) typical symptoms and pathogenicity in 35-day-old SPF chickens. Furthermore, the DNA of the isolate virus was used as a template to express Fiber-2 fragment, with a molecular weight of 33 kDa by using the E. coli expression system, and the protein was concentrated and purified to 300 mg·mL^-1 after centrifugation and purification. SPF chickens were immunized with different doses of the purified Fiber-2 protein, and showed that a dose of 20 μg per chick was completely resistant to challenge of the virulent virus, suggesting the purified Fiber-2 protein has better immunogenicity. This study can provide data for diagnosing the hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome, and developing a genetic engineering subunit vaccine.     

非洲猪瘟病原学及单克隆抗体制备技术研究进展

非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起猪的高度接触性、传染性、出血性以及高死亡率的传染病。20世纪中期以来,已在非洲、欧洲和美洲等数十个国家流行,并在近几年内蔓延至欧亚两洲接壤处的格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆以及俄罗斯境内,其一旦侵入我国,将会给我国养猪业带来极大的危害。非洲猪瘟病原学研究以及制备相应的单克隆抗体对非洲猪瘟病毒快速诊断技术研究和疫苗研制有着重大的现实意义。主要从病原学和单克隆抗体制备方面对非洲猪瘟的研究进展进行了综述。     

2012～2017年我国部分地区规模化猪场PRV野毒流行病学调查

为了监测我国规模化猪场伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)野毒感染情况,本研究采用伪狂犬g E抗体ELISA检测试剂盒对2012年2月~2017年7月送检的我国11个省份925个规模化猪场的44809份猪血清样品进行PRV野毒抗体检测。结果显示,925个猪场中有508个野毒阳性猪场,占检测猪场总数的54.91%,检出9153份阳性猪血清,平均阳性率为20.42%。其中种猪的野毒感染情况最明显,检出率较高,阳性率为23.19%;育肥猪的阳性检出率最低为17.22%。调查表明,我国规模化猪场猪群中仍存在PRV野毒感染。同时,本调查分析了不同地区、不同日龄猪的PRV野毒感染情况及该病的流行趋势,为我国伪狂犬病的净化提供思路。     

鹅星状病毒的分离鉴定及全基因组序列分析

2017年10月—2019年5月,本实验室从广东、四川、河北、山东、安徽、辽宁等广大养鹅地区采集了67份典型雏鹅痛风样品进行了实验室检测以及病原的分离鉴定,检测结果表明：所有样品中均检测到了鹅星状病毒,并且约有94.03%的样品为两个不同种的鹅星状病毒混合感染。病原分离结果表明：鹅星状病毒FLX株的变异株病毒（命名为SCCD）可以在鹅胚上稳定增殖,并且能稳定致死10日龄鹅胚,致病力较鹅星状病毒FLX增强;新型鹅星状病毒株（命名为SDPD）不能在鹅胚和SPF鸡胚上稳定增殖。病毒的基因组测序结果表明：鹅星状病毒FLX株与鹅星状病毒FLX的变异株病毒SCCD株、新型鹅星状病毒SDPD株全基因组核苷酸相似性分别为89.7%、58.1%,ORF1b基因氨基酸相似性分别为98.4%、61.0%,ORF2基因氨基酸相似性分别为81.0%、42.5%。将新分离的鹅星状病毒株接种1日龄健康雏鹅,结果表明,鹅星状病毒SCCD株和鹅星状病毒SDPD株虽然能使雏鹅发生死亡,引起肝炎、肾肿胀和增重减少等变化,但雏鹅均无典型痛风（脏器尿酸盐沉积）表现,而两种鹅星状病毒株混合攻毒能使44%的雏鹅发生典型痛风,并与临床发病症状一致。因此,临床上引起雏鹅痛风的病原可能是两种鹅星状病毒,即新型鹅星状病毒和鹅星状病毒FLX的变异株病毒。     

貂、狐、貉源犬瘟热病毒分离株H和N基因的遗传多样性分析

为研究鼬科动物犬瘟热病毒(CDV)毒株的变异特性,对来自不同地区的貉、狐、貂的5个CDV分离株(其中HD-m、LN-m为貂源,HTp-r、THD1-r为貉源,HB-f为狐源)和1个CDV国内弱毒疫苗株(vCh)的N基因和部分H基因进行了核苷酸测序,并构建系统发生树.结果表明,5个分离株之间H基因核苷酸序列同源性均达到97.5%以上,而N基因为94.5%～99.8%.vCh与5个分离株的H基因和N基因核苷酸序列同源性普遍较低(H基因:90.5%～91.8%;N基因:90.9%～93.5%),而与国外疫苗株vCon和vOnder的H基因核苷酸同源性达96.8%和97.2%.分离株之间H蛋白氨基酸同源性差别不大(97.1%～100%),而N蛋白氨基酸同源性差别较大(91.6%～100%).5个CDV分离株与vCh疫苗株H蛋白和N蛋白同源性均普遍较低,H蛋白为89.7%～91.8%,N蛋白为92.8%～96.8%.vCh与vOnder、vCon有很高的同源性,其H蛋白氨基酸同源性分别为97.1%和95.6%,vCh与vOnder N蛋白氨基酸同源性达97.3%.结果显示,最近犬瘟热的流行和免疫失败现象的发生与国内所用疫苗毒株和野毒株的遗传关系甚远有关.