猪瘟病毒野毒株与疫苗株E2基因双重TaqMan real-time PCR鉴别检测方法的建立

为建立猪瘟病毒(CSFV)野毒株和疫苗株快速定量鉴别检测方法,根据CSFV野毒株和疫苗株E2基因序列差异,设计了2对特异性引物及1条Taq Man探针,以含CSFV HB株和C-株E2基因的重组质粒p BS-E2C和p BS-E2作为标准品,建立了能同时检测CSFV野毒株和疫苗株的双重Taq Man real-time PCR鉴别检测方法。结果表明,建立的CSFV双重Taq Man real-time PCR标准曲线Ct值与1×101~1×106copies/μL之间的E2基因拷贝数呈良好的线性关系,灵敏度达10 copies/μL,且特异性和重复性很好。综上,本试验建立的Taq Man real-time PCR检测方法可用于CSFV野毒株和疫苗株的鉴别诊断及病原定量分析。     

兔多杀性巴氏杆菌和支气管败血波氏杆菌双重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根椐Gen Bank公布的兔多杀性巴氏杆菌16S r RNA和支气管败血波氏杆菌fim N基因序列,设计两对引物,在建立两种细菌单项PCR检测方法的基础上,优化双重PCR反应条件,建立了两种细菌的双重PCR检测方法,用这两对引物对同一样品中的兔多杀性巴氏杆菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌核酸为模板进行双重PCR扩增,结果可同时扩增兔多杀性巴氏杆菌和支气管败血波氏杆菌的258bp和449bp的特异性片段,而对其他4种兔病原菌的扩增结果均为阴性。敏感性测定结果表明,对兔多杀性巴氏杆菌和支气管败血波氏杆菌的最低核酸检出限分别均为1pg。通过对78份临床病料检测,将建立的双重PCR技术和单项PCR方法进行对比验证,结果显示,两者的总符合率为100%。表明建立的双重PCR检测方法,具有特异、快速、准确的特点,可用于对这兔多杀性巴氏杆菌和支气管败血波氏杆菌的同时检测和鉴别诊断。     

应用荧光定量RT-PCR检测J亚群禽白血病病毒

针对J亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-J）基因序列保守区域设计一对特异性引物和一条特异性探针,通过构建重组阳性标准质粒作为阳性标准品,建立了检测ALV-J核酸的荧光定量PCR方法。优化反应体系和条件后进行特异性、敏感性、重复性试验。结果显示,该检测方法特异性强,与其它禽源病毒如A亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-A）、B亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-B）、新城疫病毒（ NDV）、禽流感病毒（AIV）、鸡传染性贫血病毒（CIAV）和马立克病病毒（MDV）均不发生交叉反应;该方法可检测到3.2×102拷贝/μL的病毒核酸,与常规RT-PCR相比,敏感性高100倍;重复性试验的变异系数小于2%。研究结果表明,建立的Real-time RT-PCR 检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高、可重复性好,可用于ALV-J的定量检测。     

多重实时荧光定量PCR鉴别欧洲型、美洲型和高致病性PRRSV检测方法的建立

根据欧洲型N基因、美洲型M基因和高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)nsp2基因的各自保守序列设计特异性的引物和不同荧光标记的TaqMan荧光探针,通过优化反应体系和扩增条件,建立了能够检测欧洲型、美洲型和高致病性PRRSV的多重实时荧光定量PCR方法。该方法的重复试验表明其批内和批间的变异系数最高值分别为1.84%和1.76%;灵敏性试验表明其检测下限为10copies/μL;特异性试验表明与其他一些猪源病毒无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性;临床试验表明,该方法能够快速准确地检测出临床组织样本中美洲型及高致病性PRRSV的核酸;此外,本研究用欧洲型PRRSV质粒进一步验证了该方法可以检测出欧洲型PRRSV的目的基因。该方法的建立为不同类型的PRRSV快速检测提供了有效手段,可用于猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫情的监测及防控。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染引起的一种高度接触性传染病,尤其是对母猪,该病毒严重影响其繁殖性能。实时荧光定量PCR以其快速、可靠的诊断技术,为检测和诊断PRRSV开辟了新方法。文内对国内外实时荧光定量PCR技术在PRRSV研究中的应用作了综述。     

浦东白猪Nramp1基因第6内含子独特突变位点分析

Nramp1是学术界近年研究的猪重要抗病基因之一,其第6内含子作为Nramp1的分型重点片段,国内外的诸多猪种均有清晰的测序分析结果。本研究通过提取浦东白猪血液组织DNA,使用PCR技术分离和克隆Nramp1基因的第6内含子基因片段,测序后与以往文献中的其他猪种进行比较。结果发现,浦东白猪在该段基因中有3个特异的突变点普遍存在,分别是259 bp的A→G突变,331 bp的G→A突变和29 bp后1~2个T碱基的插入。这些突变的发现可以为浦东白猪的育种和Nramp1的抗病性研究提供遗传数据。     

关岭牛MyoD Ⅰ基因在不同组织和时期中的表达分析

为研究MyoDⅠ基因在关岭牛不同组织表达量的差异及在肌肉发育过程中的表达情况,试验采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对关岭牛背最长肌、大腿肌、心脏、肝脏、脂肪、小肠6个组织的MyoDⅠ基因相对表达量进行检测。同时分析关岭牛胎儿、18月龄、30月龄时期背最长肌组织中MyoDⅠ基因的表达规律。结果显示,MyoDⅠ基因在背最长肌中表达量最高,在出生后的关岭牛肌肉组织中也具有较高的表达量,且随着出生时间的推移呈上升趋势。推测可能由于背最长肌是肌肉富集地方,因此基因表达量较高,随着年龄增大,肌肉丰满度增加,基因表达量也随着增加。     

Study on Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken and Swine in Organic Farm

To determine the drug resistance of E.coli strains from swine and chicken in organic farm,collection of stool specimens was conducted in one organic farm in Conghua city,Guangdong province in 2014,in which 118 E.coli strains were separated,including 55 from chicken and 63 from swine.The sensitivity of the E.coli strains from swine and chicken to 18 kinds of drugs was detected through agar dilution method.Similar properties in drug resistance were observed both in E.coli strains from swine and chicken in the same organic farm.In consideration of the resistance rate,samples were relatively sensitive to ceftazidime,cefquinome,cefoxitin,amikacin,apramycin,gentamicin,neomycin,florfenicol,chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin and olaquindox (chicken 0 to 21.8%;swine 0 to 14.3%).These isolates showed moderate resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin (chicken 29.1% to 38.2%;swine 23.8% to 27.0%).About 56.4% chicken isolates and 47.6% swine isolates showed resistant to more than 3 kinds of drugs.However,severe resistance was observed in trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole,tetracyclineand and doxycycline (chicken 45.5%,76.4% and 72.7%;swine 50.8%,81.0% and 68.3%).The results also indicated that under organic farming mode,the drug resistance rates of E.coli strains from swine and chicken were relatively low in general.Multi-drug resistance existed but was relatively slight.Although the drug resistance rate to several specific antimicrobials was high,it was still lower than that in conventional farms.Since most studies focused on the drug resistance of the bacteria under conventional farming model,this study filled the blank of the research of drug resistance under organic farming model.     

Isolation,Identification and Multidrug-resistant Analysis of the New Sequence Type ST989 Strain of Enterococcus faecium

Gram-positive cocci were isolated from half a month diseased lambs with a fatal infection in a sheep farm in Minhe county, Qinghai province.The clinical symptoms observed were drooping, reduced feed intake, emaciated and fever.The infected lambs died several hours after the disease been observed.Necropsy of two dying lambs revealed that for one lamb, the liver was enlarged and capsule of the liver dropped, and other organs had no obvious changes;For the other one, the organs had no obvious changes.After gram staining, gram-positive cocci were observed from all the samples.Partial Tuf gene sequences of these isolates were amplified and sequenced for species identification, BLASTn conparison result revealed that they had the highest sequence similarity with that of Enterococcus faecium (E.faecium) AUS0085 (99.8%), we thus primarily confirmed that these strains belonged to E.faecium.Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that these strains could be divided into two classes.Class 1 was resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, rifamycins, lincomycin and clindamycin;Susceptible to chloromycetin and vancomycin.Class 2 was resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, rifamycins;Intermediate resistance to erythromycin and roxithromycin;But susceptible to clarithromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, chloromycetin and vancomycin.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on seven housekeeping genes for E.faecium revealed that E.faecium lby1 strain in class 1 and E.faecium lbg3 strain in class 2 were defined as a new sequence type ST989.Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed the representative strain of these isolates, E.faecium lbg3, was clustered together with E.faecium ST468.The pathogenicity test revealed that E.faecium lby1 and lbg3 strains both had pathogenicity.     

桤木群体遗传分化研究I.DNA提取和PCR条件的建立

桤木(ＡｌｎｕｓｃｒｅｍａｓｔｏｇｙｎｅＢｕｒｋ)为桦木科(Ｂｅｔｕｌａｃｅａｅ)植物,主要分布于四川盆地及其周边地区。桤木喜光、喜湿,根系发达,对土壤要求不严,适应性强,在长江中下游地区防护林建设中具有重要作用。国外对桤木属(Ａｌｎｕｓ)植物的研究起步较早,主要集中于生理生化方面包括生长、固Ｎ、抗涝性以及种间杂交研究等[1　3]。虽有学者利用ＲＦＬＰ研究其核糖体ＤＮＡ的基因结构、以同工酶技术研究桤木属的群体遗传变异[4　6],但未见应用ＲＡＰＤ技术的研究报道。随着现代生物技术的发展,生物多样性的检测技术日趋成熟和多…