大麦β 葡聚糖的提取及功能研究进展

大麦是世界上第四大禾谷类作物,其籽粒中的β-葡聚糖是重要的功效成分之一。本文综述了大麦籽粒β-葡聚糖的特性、含量变化和结构特征、提取方法和工艺,以及在大麦饲料、啤酒麦芽、饮料食品、保健医药中的功能研究进展。     

漳州水仙花瓣和副冠类胡萝卜素成分分析及合成途径基因表达研究

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析漳州水仙‘金盏银台’花瓣和副冠中主要类胡萝卜素成分。结果显示,黄色副冠的主要色素成分是叶黄素,含量为3.73×104 μg/g ,β-胡萝卜素的含量很低,仅2.7 μg/g;白色花瓣中各种类胡萝卜素的含量都极低。同时,采用RT-PCR方法分析类胡萝卜素合成途径结构基因PSY、PDS、ZDS、LYCE、LYCB、BCH在‘金盏银台’白色花瓣、黄色副冠,洋水仙‘粉红魅力’白色花瓣、红色花副冠,洋水仙‘嘹亮’黄色花瓣、橙黄色副冠中的表达情况。结果表明,花瓣与同一品种副冠间结构基因     

甲醛及孔雀石绿对哲罗鲑发眼卵MHC及IL-1β含量的影响

为了研究甲醛及孔雀石绿消毒对哲罗鲑发眼卵主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)及白细胞介素(IL-1β)含量的影响。将哲罗鲑发眼卵随机分为2组,每组设3个平行,每个平行3000粒卵,按照500 mg/kg和2 mg/kg浓度对鱼卵进行甲醛和孔雀石绿浸泡消毒,每天1次,每次持续30 min,对消毒前、后30 min采集的样品进行MHC及IL-1β含量测定。结果表明：甲醛及孔雀石绿消毒均对哲罗鲑受精卵中MHC和IL-1β含量造成了一定影响。甲醛消毒促使卵内MHC含量稳步提升,而对IL-1β含量无明显影响;而孔雀石绿消毒导致卵内MHC产生无序剧烈变化,且IL-1β含量急速提升,可能已对卵造成了炎症反应。甲醛消毒对卵免疫系统产生的影响明显小于孔雀石绿且无明显不良反应,可用于哲罗鲑鱼卵日常消毒使用。     

Effects of Yeast Oligosaccharide Diet Supplements on Growth and Disease Resistance in Juvenile Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

Commercially available yeast and yeast subcomponents consisting mainly of β-glucan or oligosaccharide feed additives were added to diets of juvenile (12–18g) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at rates recommended by suppliers. Three experiments were conducted following a basic protocol with varied rates of supplementation, duration of feeding, and stocking densities. Experimental diets were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for a period of two or four weeks, at the end of which feed consumption and weight gain were measured. Following the experimental feeding period, serum components, including protein and immunoglobulin concentrations, as well as lysozyme and complement activities, were measured. A disease challenge was conducted with pathogenic isolates of Streptococcus iniae or Edwardsiella tarda. Weight gains were not significantly different in fish fed the supplemented diets when compared to the control diet. There were significant differences in fed intake within individual experiments; however, this effect was not consistent in all three experiments. Overall feed efficiency was not significantly affected by diet. There were no differences in serum components of fish sampled at two or four weeks. Fish fed the experimental diets did not have lower mortality or morbidity after disease challenge compared to fish fed the control diets. Specific antibody against S. iniae or E. tarda measured by ELISA did not reveal differences in the fish surviving the challenge. We conclude that the incorporation of these commercial yeast component products into the diet of juvenile Nile tilapia at these rates and for these feeding periods had no effect on growth, serum components, antibody responses, or survival following S. iniae or E. tarda infection.     

水牛乳β-酪蛋白基因多态性与消化性能及抗氧化性能的关联研究

本研究以水牛乳β-酪蛋白(β-CN)基因多态性分析结果为依据,从水牛乳中分离并纯化出具有活性的β-酪蛋白亚型.采用体外消化模型分析其在胃肠道中的消化性能;根据水解液的抗氧化活性来分析生物活性肽的释放.高效液相色谱法(HPLC)结果显示,水牛乳中β-CN有A和B两种等位基因.消化性能结果显示A等位基因更利于β-酪蛋白在肠...     

17β-Estradiol Regulates SKP2 Expression in Cultured Immature Boar Sertoli Cells Mainly via Estrogen Receptor β, cAMP-PKA and ERK1/2

Estrogen plays an important role in regulating testicular Sertoli cell number. Furthermore, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 （SKP2） plays a central role in mammalian cell cycle progression. The objective of this study was to determine whether 17β-estradiol can regulate the expression of SKP2, and the Sertoli cell cycle, via estrogen receptor β （ERβ）, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）-protein kinase A （PKA） and extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK1/2） pathway. When cultured immature boar Sertoli cells were treated with 17β-estradiol, a time-dependent increase in SKP2 mRNA and protein level was observed by real-time PCR and Western blot, and 17β-estradiol activity peaked at 30 min. Treatment with ICI182780 and ERβ antagonist reduced 17β-estradiol-induced expression of SKP2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）, while increasing the protein concentration of p27kip1. However, the effect of ERa antagonist on these parameters was lower than that of ICI 182780 and ERβ. Forskolin had a similar effect as 17β-estradiol on the expression of SKP2, PCNA and p27kip1, Rp-cAMP, H-89 and U0126 treatment reduced 17β-estradiol-induced changes, while H-89 also inhibited ERK1/2 activation. Therefore, 17β-estradiol mainly regulates SKP2 mRNA and protein expression via ERβ-cAMP-PKA and ERK1/2 activation. SKP2 and PCNA expression were positively correlated, while increased SKP2 expression likely resulted in p27kip1 degradation.     

小尾寒羊白介素1β全长cDNA序列克隆及生物信息学分析

本研究旨在克隆白介素1β(IL-1β)全长cDNA,为深入研究其生物学功能提供全长cDNA信息和试验材料.本试验利用前人构建的布鲁氏菌强、弱毒株感染小尾寒羊白细胞层抑制性差减杂交(SSH)cDNA文库,获得小尾寒羊IL-1β部分cDNA序列信息,利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE),克隆小尾寒羊IL-1β全长cDNA,并申请GenBank登录号KC425612.2.该cDNA全长1494 bp,含有801 bp开放阅读框(ORF),可编码266个氨基酸残基,预测其编码蛋白分子质量为30.622 ku,与林麝、牛、海豚、虎鲸的IL-1β一致性较高,亲缘关系较近.     

雌激素胁迫对萝卜种子萌芽和幼苗生长及其累积效应的影响

通过水培试验,研究了不同浓度17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)胁迫对萝卜种子萌芽、幼苗生长和抗氧化酶系统活性的影响,以及17β-E2在幼苗体内的积累。结果发现,萝卜种子的发芽势、发芽率和根长与17β-E2处理浓度呈负相关,在10 μg/L浓度时17β-E2刺激萝卜种子的发芽势和根长明显增加,诱导幼苗体内抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT活性显著上升;但在50 μg/L浓度的17β-E2胁迫下,SOD、CAT和POD活性受到明显抑制,MDA含量显著升高,幼苗抗氧化能力显著降低,膜质过氧化程度加剧;受17β-E2污染,萝卜幼苗体内17β-E2积累量随着处理浓度的升高而增加,其在根部累积量要大于地上部分,在转运过程中发生17β-E2代谢,产生具有低雌激素活性的雌酮。萝卜对17β-E2胁迫具有一定的抗性,在17β-E2污染土壤中种植萝卜存在潜在的食用安全风险。     

利用对β-谷甾醇含量的检测鉴别生鲜乳中掺假植物脂肪的研究

本试验建立了气相色谱―质谱法测定生鲜乳中β-谷甾醇的检测方法,由于理论研究表明生鲜乳中的乳脂肪是动物油脂,不应含有或很少含有植物油脂中特有的甾醇β-谷甾醇,因此对多个地区生鲜乳中β-谷甾醇的本底含量进行分析,给出生鲜乳中掺假植物油脂的鉴定方法。用质量比1.25的氢氧化钾水溶液25 mL皂化样品,100 mL维生素C的乙醇溶液作为稳定剂和抗氧化剂,皂化液用石油醚和乙醚萃取,转溶剂至甲苯,离心进样质谱。选用高柱效的60 m DB-5毛细管柱,进样量1 μL,程序升温在35 min内实现β-谷甾醇与其他醇类及杂质的良好分离。选择离子414定量,检出限为0.10 mg/L,线性相关系数r=0.9991。运用该方法对6个地区生鲜乳中β-谷甾醇含量进行检测,结果得到最高值为0.86 mg/L,常见植物油中β-谷甾醇的含量为1～3 g/L。表明生鲜乳中利用植物脂肪代替乳脂肪时,每提高1%植物脂肪将多产生最少相当于本底量12倍的β-谷甾醇,从而判定生鲜乳中是否掺假植物脂肪。     

ER及其相关基因在鸡性反转胚胎中的表达

为了对鸟类性别分化中起重要作用的基因进行深入分析,对家鸡性反转胚胎雌激素及相关调控基因表达模式进行了检测,分析这些性激素在鸟类性别分化调控起到的作用。选择ER、3βHSD、P450c17、P450arom 4个基因为主要研究对象,采用外源注入formestane（福美司坦）和17β-estradiol（17β雌二醇）2种手段,并设置雌雄鸡胚2个对照组,检测以上基因在胚胎早期发育过程中(84 h、96 h、120 h、144 h、168 h、192 h)的表达变化趋势。ER、3βHSD、P450c17、P450arom基因的表达变化在注入外源激素的试验组同未注射组间,差异均显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01),其中ER表现为下降趋势,P450arom表达激增,3βHSD、P450c17基因表达变化缺乏明显规律。雌激素调控是一个复杂的过程,在外源激素注入过程后,原有调控模式可能会被打乱。