不同饲粮对虹鳟鱼卵中矿物质、维生素含量及胚胎发育的影响

试验研究了池塘人工培育下不同饲粮对虹鳟亲鱼所产2种颜色鱼卵中矿物质、维生素含量及对受精率、发眼率、破膜率的影响。结果表明:橘红色鱼卵Ca、Mg、Zn含量略高于淡黄色鱼卵(20.8—67.0—ng/kg),其他6种矿物质均为淡黄卵略高于橘红卵(0.063～46.0 mg/kg);2种颜色鱼卵的维生素含量有差别:淡黄色鱼卵的4种维生素的含量均大于橘红色鱼卵的含量,淡黄色鱼卵中维生素D含量显著大于橘红色鱼卵(P<0.01);2种颜色鱼卵的受精率、发眼率、破膜率差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

无精蛋鸭蛋制作咸蛋工艺研究

以无精蛋、鲜蛋为原料加工成咸鸭蛋,研究在15℃下不同盐浓度腌制液和不同腌制用水的最佳腌制天数,确定最佳盐浓度和腌制用水。结果表明,15%、17%和19%盐浓度生水腌制液腌制无精蛋均需25 d;21%和23%盐浓度生水腌制液腌制无精蛋需23 d;25%盐浓度生水腌制液腌制无精蛋仅需21 d,与相同浓度生水腌制液腌制鲜蛋的出缸时间相同,而25%盐浓度的凉开水和桶装水腌制液腌制鲜蛋则需23 d;说明生水腌制液腌制无精蛋和鲜蛋可以缩短腌制周期,且用无精蛋与鲜蛋制作的咸鸭蛋的特性相差不大,可以提高无精蛋的利用率。     

葡萄籽粕替代玉米对种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、鸡蛋品质及新城疫抗体水平的影响

试验旨在研究葡萄籽粕对种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、鸡蛋品质及新城疫抗体水平的影响。选取产蛋率、体重相近,健康状态良好的64周龄罗曼灰父母代种鸡810只,随机分为6组,每组5个重复,每个重复27只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂葡萄籽粕替代基础日粮中3%、4.5%、6%、7.5%、9%玉米的试验日粮（分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组）。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。探讨日粮中添加不同水平的葡萄籽粕对种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能、鸡蛋品质及新城疫抗体水平的影响及其作用机理。结果表明：葡萄籽粕能够明显抑制种鸡产蛋高峰后期生产性能降低,对于日均产蛋量,试验Ⅲ组极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组产蛋率较对照组分别提高了12.38%、14.76%、18.09%（P<0.05）,各试验组蛋鸡的日均采食量、料蛋比及破软蛋率与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）;葡萄籽粕处理组鸡蛋的哈氏单位、蛋黄重及蛋壳强度均高于对照组,但随葡萄籽粕添加量的增加没有表现出规律性变化;葡萄籽粕能够降低鸡蛋胆固醇含量（P<0.01）;并能够提高种鸡新城疫HI抗体水平（P>0.05）。综上,在种鸡产蛋高峰后期日粮中以葡萄籽粕替代玉米,可提高种鸡生产性能和新城疫抗体效价,改善鸡蛋品质,降低鸡蛋中胆固醇含量,且以替代6%的玉米效果较好。     

工蜂对卵和幼虫性别识别能力的观察与研究

本研究通过改变雄性卵与幼虫的孵化和哺育状态，观察工蜂对这些卵和幼虫的接受情况，探讨工蜂对卵和幼虫性别的识别能力。结果表明，工蜂对卵和大龄幼虫性别的识别能力较强，而对1-3日龄小幼虫的性别的识别能力较弱。     

食品蛋清洗消毒水温及时间试验研究

分别将清洗水温设置为20℃～25℃、42℃～44℃和50℃～53℃；消毒时间设为10s、30s和50s。试验选择外观基本一致的同一日龄鸡蛋270枚，分为9个组，每一组30枚。清洗消毒后无菌包装送实验室检测蛋壳表面总细菌数。试验结果，清洗消毒水温及时间在食品蛋清洗消毒过程中对蛋壳表面总细菌数的最佳作用效果为：水温42℃～44℃，消毒时间50s。     

蛋鸡种蛋蛋重对孵化率和雏鸡生长发育的影响

将豫州褐壳蛋的种蛋按重量大小分成6组，在相同的条件下进行孵化和饲养试验。结果表明，蛋重在53－56克的种蛋，其受精蛋孵化率最高；不同的蛋重对雏鸡的初生重以及雏鸡在1－3周龄的体重影响较大，蛋重与初生重（γ=0．9899）、1周龄体重（γ＝0．9528）的相关极显著；蛋重与2周龄体重（γ＝0．9032）、3周龄体重（γ＝0．9040）相关显著，与3周龄以后雏鸡体重相关不显著。     

春制越年家蚕卵乙胚子冷藏方法研究

研究结果表明，春制越年家蚕卵丝乙胚子冷藏处理后，其实用孵化率〉９２．３％蚁蚕绝食致半数时数≥１１０ｈ，不良卵发生率〈１０％，发病率〈８．６％，茧质优良，产量平稳，在有效冷藏期限内随时出库催青饲育均安全可靠。     

Effects of in ovo injection of chrysin,quercetin and ascorbic acid on hatchability,somatic attributes,hepatic oxidative status and early post‐hatch performance of broiler chicks

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of chrysin, quercetin and ascorbic acid on hatchability, somatic attributes, hepatic antioxidant status and early post‐hatch growth performance of broiler chicks. Four hundred and eighty embryonated broiler breeder eggs containing live 18‐day‐old embryos were divided into six groups of 80 eggs each. One group remained intact and served as a control group (i), whereas the other five groups were injected with the prepared injection solutions as follows: (ii) 0.05 ml distilled water; (iii) 0.05 ml distilled water containing 6 mg ascorbic acid; (iv) 0.05 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); (v) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg quercetin; and (vi) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg chrysin. The hatchability rate, hatching weight, residual yolk sac weight, yolk sac‐free body weight, liver weight, hepatic glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase activities, as well as malondialdehyde concentrations, were not affected by the injected solutions. There were no differences between chicks hatched from the control and in ovo injected eggs in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio from 0 to 11 days of age. However, the specific contrast performed between the in ovo injected groups and intact eggs revealed that in ovo injection significantly increased hatchability rate (p = .0493). This finding also implies that our injection procedure was harmless. In conclusion, the intra‐egg injection of chrysin, quercetin or ascorbic acid at the injection rates used in this study did not have a significant effect on hatchability, somatic characteristics, early growth performance and hepatic antioxidant status of broiler chicks. However, the overall hatchability was higher in the in ovo injected eggs as compared to non‐injected ones. These findings also confirmed the harmlessness of the procedure developed for in ovo injection in this study.     

Heterotrophic Aurantiochytrium sp. supplementation to layer diets sustainably increases the omega-3 concentration of eggs

ABSTRACT

1. The consumption of adequate amounts of the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. Eggs are commonly consumed worldwide, and their omega-3 content can be easily altered by changing the diets of laying hens and so represent an important target for enrichment.

2. In this study, the effect of supplementing laying hens with DHA-rich, Aurantiochytrium limacinum at three different inclusion levels was investigated over a 24-week period.

3. Significant increases in egg DHA concentrations were observed after four weeks and were maintained for the duration of the 24-week study. The supplemented eggs in the current study had a DHA content of 82, 101, and 129 mg/yolk when supplemented with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% treatments, respectively, which meets the EU criteria to be considered ‘high in omega-3?.

4. Using the sustainably grown protist Aurantiochytrium limacinum to supplement layer diets increased the egg DHA concentration and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio, improving the nutritional value of the eggs for human consumers.     

土霉素在鸡蛋中的残留消除研究

研究临床使用常规剂量及养殖环节加大盐酸土霉素可溶性粉剂量后其在鸡蛋中的残留消除规律。对产蛋期蛋鸡分别给予500 mg/L和667 mg/L 50%盐酸土霉素可溶性粉,集中饮水给药,每日1次,连续5 d。分别采集停药后1～12 d的鸡蛋样品,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定鸡蛋中土霉素的残留量。按上述方法给药后,低、高剂量组分别在停药第1天和停药第2天达到土霉素残留量最高。低、高剂量组的最高残留量分别为142. 72、82. 84μg/kg,均低于国家规定的最高残留限量(200μg/kg),不会造成土霉素残留超标。本试验通过研究土霉素可溶性粉在鸡蛋中的残留情况,确定弃蛋期前后土霉素残留量,以期为蛋鸡产蛋期安全用药,保障食品安全提供科学依据。