桑蚕卵中酯酶A_4的研究

取产后两天内25℃保存的桑蚕卵为材料,精制酯酶A_4。将滞育卵中精制的酶液置5℃下冷藏,冷藏初期酶活性极低,大致在12～13日达最大值。以后迅速降低,体外保存的温度条件与酯酶A_4活性有关,较高的保存温度能促使酶活性峰提早出现:而低温保护能延缓酶的活化进程。酯酶A_4精制过程中,通过Sephadex G-25凝胶过滤,将大部分物质分段与酶分离排除,在5℃条件下,酶活性峰出现以前的任何时候加入排除分段物质,都可以停止酶的活性化,只有当重新除去所加的排除分段物质时,酶的活性化进程才得以继续。     

Lipid characterization of both wild and cultured eggs of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis L.) throughout the embryonic development

The present work reports a characterization of mean wet weight and moisture, the lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition from the total lipids (TL), of both culture and wild eggs of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis , throughout the embryonic development. Additionally, reproductive data, such as the number of spawnings, number and mean weight of eggs and duration of spawning period of cultured cuttlefish is provided. Both types of eggs were similar in mean wet weight, moisture content, TL content and lipid composition throughout embryonic development. Females from the cultured group spawned 13 times and laid 8654 eggs in 64 days, with a mean weight of 0.607 ± 0.179 g. A sex ratio of 1.57 (11♀ for 7♂) promoted an individual fecundity of 787 eggs/♀ (the biggest until now on our culture facilities), which might be related to increased bottom areas. The TL increased with day/stage of embryonic development ( P  < 0.05) only in the cultured egg group. However, no differences were found on TL between culture and wild eggs at the same day/stage ( P  > 0.05). Eggs displayed predominant levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), cholesterol and triacylglycerol at the end of embryonic development. Polar and neutral lipids of both eggs groups remained consistently proportional (∼50% for each lipid fraction) and a significant increase ( P  < 0.05) was observed in phosphatidylserine, PE and free FA throughout the embryonic development. In either egg type and day, 16:0, 18:0, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 accounted for approximately 70 g Kg⁻¹ of all FA and saturated and n-3 totals seemed to have the same proportion in the cuttlefish eggs. The present results suggest that lipids are not used as energetic substrate but as structural components in cuttlefish egg.     

海南香蕉根颈象甲卵的空间分布型及理论抽样数确定

香蕉根颈象甲[Cosmopolites sordidus(Gemar)1已在海南香蕉园发生,对香蕉生产造成危害.为了研究香蕉象甲的分布和发生规律、指导田间取样,应用几种聚集度指标的计算公式以及Taylor幂法则、Iwao的m*-m回归分析法,分析和测定了香蕉根颈象甲卵的空间分布格局和田间理论抽样数.结果表明:海南香蕉根颈象甲卵在一定密度下呈聚集分布,空间分布符合负二项分布;聚集度指标,I>0,m*/m>1,C>1,Cα>0;Tavlor幂模型表明香蕉根茎象甲卵在一定密度下的分布为聚集的,而且聚集强度随种群密度的上升而升高:Iwao的m*-m回归模型分析表明,m*和m呈显著相关,香蕉根茎象甲个体间相互吸引,最适抽样数n与卵密度m及相对误差D的关系为:n=1/D2(1.3717/m+0.046 3).     

严格执行储备办 法规范蚕种储备制度

蚕种是特殊的农作物种子，又是茧丝绸业的基础。蚕种具有超前生产、用途专一、社会影响等特点。养蚕是蚕农栽桑获取回报的最主要途径，因而蚕种储备制度的建立，有利确保蚕种供应。建立蚕种储备制度，既是促进蚕业稳步发展的需要，也是法律法规规定的政府义务。经过2007年的努力，省、市、县（市、区）三级储备一代杂交种达80000盒，原种5000张。本文重点介绍了蚕种储备规范操作的要求。     

The effects of utilization of hazelnut oil,sunflower oil and their products on performance and fatty acid composition of yolk in layer hens

This research has been performed to determine the effects of hazelnut crude oil, sunflower crude oil and its refinery by-products over the laying hens performance and the fatty acid composition of the egg’s yolk. Four hundreds 36-week-old Nick Brown layer hens were allocated into five groups. Treatment groups were supplemented with 1.5% of sunflower crude oil, hazelnut crude oil, acidulated sunflower soapstock, acidulated hazelnut soapstock and acidulated hazelnut crude oil. The daily feed consumption for groups that were fed with crude oils were numerically improved as compared for those nourished with acidulated soapstocks. Although the percentages of cracked and broken eggs in acidulated hazelnut soapstock group was significantly higher than the other groups, daily feed consumption and egg production values were not different. The usage of acidulated hazelnut soapstock reduced the percentage of intact egg ratio. Egg’s specific gravity and yolk color index were the highest level throughout the experiment from start to end in hazelnut crude oil group (p < 0.05). In group that was nourished by hazelnut oil, Omega 3/Omega-6 fatty acid ratios in egg yolk were higher than the groups that were fed with sunflower oil. The oleic acid content of the egg yolk was increased in the groups which were supplemented with hazelnut crude oil and acidulated hazelnut crude oil. Consequently, hazelnut crude oil and acidulated hazelnut crude oil improved the egg shell quality, yolk color index and yolk oleic acid value which would increase egg’s shelf life. On the other hand acidulated hazelnut soapstock supplementation adversely affects the quality of egg shell.     

基于机器视觉和YOLOv4的破损鸡蛋在线检测研究

破损鸡蛋导致的漏液会污染自动化生产线和完好鸡蛋,不仅影响生产效率,还会干扰裂纹鸡蛋的检测.为实现破损鸡蛋快速、准确、低成本的识别,本文利用机器视觉技术,并结合深度学习网络深层次特征提取、高精度检测分类的特性,提出一种基于YOLOv4网络的破损鸡蛋检测方法.构建破损鸡蛋图像数据集,搭建YOLOv4深度学习网络,训练含有破...     

轮虫有性生殖的研究

比较全面地概括了近年来国内外对轮虫有性生殖研究的最新进展，重点介绍影响轮虫混交雌体产生的外源性因素和内源性因素。影响轮虫混交雌体产生的外源性因素主要有种群密度、光照周期，食物情况，生育酚，培养液的温度、盐度、pH值，内源性因素主要有遗传因素、母体年龄和轮虫弧雌生殖的累计世代数。     

绿盲蝽越冬卵在苹果园中的空间分布型及抽样技术

近年来绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum已经逐渐发展成为果树上的重要害虫之一, 对其越冬卵在果树上的空间分布型进行探究具有重要意义?本研究利用6种聚集度指标?Iwao回归方程和Taylor幂法则分析了苹果园中绿盲蝽越冬卵的空间分布型, 同时对苹果园绿盲蝽越冬卵聚集的原因和最适理论抽样数进行了分析与计算?结果显示, 绿盲蝽越冬卵在苹果园呈聚集分布, 并且随着越冬卵密度的增加, 分布越聚集?绿盲蝽越冬卵的种群聚集是由其生活习性与周围环境共同引起的?运用绿盲蝽越冬卵空间分布型参数, 建立Iwao理论抽样数模型, 从而明确不同密度下绿盲蝽越冬卵的最适理论抽样数, 为今后绿盲蝽越冬卵在苹果园内密度的准确调查和种群密度的预测提供了理论依据?     

不同消毒剂配方处理豆天蛾卵对其生长发育的影响

为探究人工养殖豆天蛾过程中卵的最佳消毒时长及筛选最优消毒剂配方,首先以38%盐酸+37%甲醛+水(0.5∶0.5∶10,V/V)为消毒剂,测定不同时长消毒处理对豆天蛾卵生长发育的影响,获得最佳消毒时长;再以此为基础,探究不同消毒剂配方(以下简称配方)处理对豆天蛾卵孵化率、25日龄幼虫存活率、体重和体长等指标的影响。结果表明,消毒30 min的豆天蛾卵孵化率(80.00%)、25日龄幼虫的存活率(59.72%)、体长(8.02 cm)及体重(8.96 g)最高,且显著高于对照。配方20(37%甲醛∶31%双氧水∶水=0.5∶0.5∶10,V/V)处理后的卵孵化率(86.67%)、25日龄幼虫存活率(66.67%)、体长(8.88 cm)和体重(10.70 g)优于其他配方,且显著高于对照,表明配方20对豆天蛾卵的消毒效果最好,为本试验筛选出的最优配方。此结果为人工养殖豆天蛾提供了一定的理论基础和技术支持。     

工蜂对卵和幼虫性别识别能力的观察与研究

本研究通过改变雄性卵与幼虫的孵化和哺育状态，观察工蜂对这些卵和幼虫的接受情况，探讨工蜂对卵和幼虫性别的识别能力。结果表明，工蜂对卵和大龄幼虫性别的识别能力较强，而对1-3日龄小幼虫的性别的识别能力较弱。