红蜘蛛对蚕种生产的危害及防治措施

本调查了用红蜘蛛危害叶饲养原蚕的茧质、死笼率及产卵质量，与对照缃比：全茧量下降１６％～１８％，茧层量下降２０％～２３％，死笼率增加６％左右，产卵量明显减少，减少２０％～２４％，不受精卵率增加。并分析了今春红蜘蛛暴发的原因，提出了防治红蜘蛛的几项措施。     

稀土配合物应用于蚕种生产的研究春期蚕种生产中的应用效果

研究了稀土配合物在春期蚕种生产中的应用效果，采用喷匀桑叶，直接喂蚕的方法，提高了虫蛹生命率，单蛾造卵数，产卵数，良卵率等，通过小区饲养，提出了添食稀土配合物的时间为４龄２次，饷食后第２、３天各一次，浓度为０．０５％，５龄４次，起蚕饷食后第２天开始，每天１次，浓度为０．１％，在此基础上，进行大面积的对比饲养，添食区比ＣＫ区单位制种较大提高。经济效益显著。     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋中氯霉素残留量

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测鸡蛋中氯霉素的残留量。鸡蛋(全蛋)试样中残留的氯霉素用乙酸乙酯提取,35℃减压蒸干。残渣用正己烷-氯仿(1 1,V/V)溶解,加少量水,混匀后,离心,取上清液作为试样溶液供高效液相色谱仪(紫外检测器)在280nm处测定,外标法定量。本方法在鸡蛋中检出限为2μg/kg,回收率在60％～90％,批内变异系数小于12.0％,批间变异系数小于15.0％。     

海南香蕉根颈象甲卵的空间分布型及理论抽样数确定

香蕉根颈象甲[Cosmopolites sordidus(Gemar)1已在海南香蕉园发生,对香蕉生产造成危害.为了研究香蕉象甲的分布和发生规律、指导田间取样,应用几种聚集度指标的计算公式以及Taylor幂法则、Iwao的m*-m回归分析法,分析和测定了香蕉根颈象甲卵的空间分布格局和田间理论抽样数.结果表明:海南香蕉根颈象甲卵在一定密度下呈聚集分布,空间分布符合负二项分布;聚集度指标,I>0,m*/m>1,C>1,Cα>0;Tavlor幂模型表明香蕉根茎象甲卵在一定密度下的分布为聚集的,而且聚集强度随种群密度的上升而升高:Iwao的m*-m回归模型分析表明,m*和m呈显著相关,香蕉根茎象甲个体间相互吸引,最适抽样数n与卵密度m及相对误差D的关系为:n=1/D2(1.3717/m+0.046 3).     

Lipid characterization of both wild and cultured eggs of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis L.) throughout the embryonic development

The present work reports a characterization of mean wet weight and moisture, the lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition from the total lipids (TL), of both culture and wild eggs of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis , throughout the embryonic development. Additionally, reproductive data, such as the number of spawnings, number and mean weight of eggs and duration of spawning period of cultured cuttlefish is provided. Both types of eggs were similar in mean wet weight, moisture content, TL content and lipid composition throughout embryonic development. Females from the cultured group spawned 13 times and laid 8654 eggs in 64 days, with a mean weight of 0.607 ± 0.179 g. A sex ratio of 1.57 (11♀ for 7♂) promoted an individual fecundity of 787 eggs/♀ (the biggest until now on our culture facilities), which might be related to increased bottom areas. The TL increased with day/stage of embryonic development ( P  < 0.05) only in the cultured egg group. However, no differences were found on TL between culture and wild eggs at the same day/stage ( P  > 0.05). Eggs displayed predominant levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), cholesterol and triacylglycerol at the end of embryonic development. Polar and neutral lipids of both eggs groups remained consistently proportional (∼50% for each lipid fraction) and a significant increase ( P  < 0.05) was observed in phosphatidylserine, PE and free FA throughout the embryonic development. In either egg type and day, 16:0, 18:0, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 accounted for approximately 70 g Kg⁻¹ of all FA and saturated and n-3 totals seemed to have the same proportion in the cuttlefish eggs. The present results suggest that lipids are not used as energetic substrate but as structural components in cuttlefish egg.     

严格执行储备办 法规范蚕种储备制度

蚕种是特殊的农作物种子，又是茧丝绸业的基础。蚕种具有超前生产、用途专一、社会影响等特点。养蚕是蚕农栽桑获取回报的最主要途径，因而蚕种储备制度的建立，有利确保蚕种供应。建立蚕种储备制度，既是促进蚕业稳步发展的需要，也是法律法规规定的政府义务。经过2007年的努力，省、市、县（市、区）三级储备一代杂交种达80000盒，原种5000张。本文重点介绍了蚕种储备规范操作的要求。     

Effect of the dusk photoperiod change from light to dark on the incubation period of eggs of the spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner)

Spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner), eggs were incubated under different photoperiods to examine the effect of photoperiod on incubation. The eggs from two fish were incubated under five artificial photoperiods: constant dark (D), constant light (L) from 06:00 hours and 6, 10 and 14 h of light from 06:00 hours. The eggs from seven other fish were incubated under a natural photoperiod. Different spawning times (21:00 – 01:00 hours) and different photoperiods combined to give the start of the dusk photoperiod change after 11–23 h of incubation. Constant light or applying the dusk photoperiod change after ≥20 h of incubation appeared to extend the hatching period. The mean hatching period for groups of eggs incubated in darkness or that received the dusk photoperiod change after ≤19 h of incubation (n=8 different groups) was 2 h 15±10 min, which was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean hatching period of 4 h±37 min for groups that did not receive the dusk photoperiod change or that received the dusk photoperiod change after ≥20 h of incubation (n=9 groups). However, despite these differences, the majority of the eggs hatched during a 2–3 h period from 17 to 20 h of incubation, and a sigmoid regression (r²=0.9) explained the relationship between percentage hatch and hours of incubation for all photoperiod groups.     

机器视觉技术在禽蛋品质和孵化成活性检测中的应用

本文论述了利用机器视觉技术进行禽蛋品质检测分级及种蛋孵化成活性检测的意义，从禽蛋外形、表面缺陷、内部缺陷检测及种蛋孵化成活性检测等方面阐述了国内外研究现状，从硬件和软件两方面分析了在研究和应用中存在的不足，指出了目前尚需解决的难点问题。     

果寡糖对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

选择24周龄健康无病商品代罗曼蛋鸡576只,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组288只,两组基础日粮和饲养管理相同,试验组添加寡果糖0.6kg·t-1,试验期18周。试验结果表明:在蛋鸡饲料中添加寡果糖,试验组比对照组产蛋率提高11.81％(P<0.05)、饲料利用率提高8.49％、蛋壳厚度增加5.7％和经济效益提高7.46％、哈夫单位增加10.01(P<0.05),而破软蛋率和蛋比重差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

5种赤眼蜂品系对米蛾卵和梨小食心虫卵的选择偏好研究

赤眼蜂的生物学特性受到繁育寄主的影响。为探究不同繁育寄主对赤眼蜂品系在梨小食心虫卵的趋性中是否存在差异,本试验通过Y-管行为选择试验研究了米蛾Corcyra cephalonica卵繁育的松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi和玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae品系,以及梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta卵繁育的松毛虫赤眼蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂和本地优势种暗黑赤眼蜂Trichogramma pintoi品系对梨小食心虫卵的选择趋性。松毛虫赤眼蜂米蛾卵品系对米蛾卵和梨小卵均未表现出显著趋性,松毛虫赤眼蜂梨小卵品系在仅有米蛾卵时对米蛾卵表现出了显著趋性,而在仅有梨小卵、以及梨小卵和米蛾卵共存的处理中未表现出对任一寄主卵的趋性;玉米螟赤眼蜂米蛾卵品系和梨小卵品系,以及暗黑赤眼蜂梨小卵品系对米蛾卵和梨小卵均未表现出显著趋性。仅有米蛾卵时,暗黑赤眼蜂梨小卵品系选择时间显著短于除玉米螟赤眼蜂梨小卵品系外的其余三种赤眼蜂品系;而在仅有梨小卵时,暗黑赤眼蜂梨小卵品系选择时间最长,松毛虫赤眼蜂米蛾卵品系选择时间最短;而两种繁育寄主同时存在时,玉米螟赤眼蜂米...