多效唑对荞麦生长、生理及产量影响的研究

以甜荞82-230为材料,研究了不同浓度的多效唑对荞麦生长、生理及产量的影响。结果表明:(1)多效唑有矮化植株的作用,随着浓度的增加,植株矮化、茎秆增粗的效应越明显。(2)多效唑可提高叶绿素含量,延缓叶片衰老过程中SOD活性的下降。(3)200 mg/L多效唑可最大幅度地增加荞麦产量,增产58.9%,主要表现为株粒数和百粒重的增加。     

冀北荞麦品种多年定点高产试验分析

为了探明适应于冀北坝上地区种植荞麦品种的高产性和适应性,以4个苦荞麦和2个甜荞麦品种为试验材料,连续5年进行定点高产试验,研究6个荞麦品种的产量、主要经济性状和区域适应能力。结果表明：参加试验的6个荞麦品种抗逆性均极强,耐旱、耐瘠薄、喜水肥,产量较为稳定;‘美国甜荞麦’是最适宜冀北种植的甜荞品种,产量1078.5 kg/hm²左右,其次为‘日本大粒’970.5 kg/hm²,甜荞麦需辅助授粉提高产量;‘冀苦荞2号’是最适宜冀北种植的苦荞麦品种,产量在2745 kg/hm²左右,其次为‘冀苦荞1号’2442.0 kg/hm²和‘川荞1号’2395.5 kg/hm²;甜荞麦生育期短,是较好的备荒作物,在冀北地区不适宜过早播种;中熟苦荞麦品种在冀北有特殊适应性,‘黑丰1号’因生育期较长,肥力较好的地块易徒长、不结实,种植风险较大。本试验结果得出结论：改进栽培措施可以进一步提高甜荞麦产量,苦荞麦同甜荞麦一样在冀北有更好的适应性。     

基于随机森林的我国荞麦适宜种植区划及评价

本研究共获取196个荞麦分布点记录,采用相关性以及随机森林变量重要性分析,筛选出气候、土壤和地形三种类型15个环境评价因子,结合随机森林模型,预测我国荞麦的潜在种植区域,并划分荞麦适宜种植分布区,同时依据随机森林模型给出的变量重要性,分析影响荞麦生长的主导因子。结果表明,随机森林模型预测的我国荞麦适宜种植分布精度较高,荞麦的种植适宜区分布较广,从东北到南方的广阔地区均有分布,但荞麦高适宜种植区范围较小。气候因子对荞麦生长的影响最大,主导因子为日照时数(SH)、年均温(Bio1)和最热季降水量(Bio18),通过绘制主导因子的响应曲线,进一步明确其对荞麦生长的影响。本研究可为合理规划我国荞麦种植提供数据与参考。     

北京房山区山地景观荞麦适宜播期研究

为更好地发挥荞麦在房山区景观营造中的作用,开展了荞麦播期试验,研究播期对荞麦观赏期和株高的影响。结果表明,房山区荞麦春播适宜播期为4月5 — 16日,花期为70 d左右,初花至倒伏亦为70 d左右,封行至倒伏为60 d左右,盛花至倒伏可以持续60 d左右,观赏持续期最长;夏秋播适宜播期为7月20日至8月25日,植株不易发生倒伏,花期在34~57 d,其中7月20日左右播种最佳,花期达57 d;5月7日至6月9日也可播种,初花至倒伏在21~49 d;6月25日至7月5日不适合播种。     

铝对荞麦种子萌发的影响

以荞麦品种东阳荞麦、高荞三号、内蒙古产小白花、沈阳荞麦和依额苦荞为研究材料,设置5个不同铝处理浓度,研究铝对荞麦种子萌发的影响。结果表明,适当的铝处理能够促进荞麦种子萌发,增大荞麦的鲜重、发芽指数及活力指数,降低荞麦的质膜透性;5个荞麦品种对铝的敏感度以及耐铝性不同,其中东阳荞麦和高荞三号是为较耐铝的品种。     

Genetic variation and species relationships in Himalayan buckwheats as revealed by SDS PAGE of endosperm proteins extracted from single seeds and RAPD based DNA fingerprints

SDS PAGE of endosperm proteins and␣RAPD profiles from different accessions of Himalayan buckwheat were studied to determine their genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships. Comparisons based on Jaccard’s coefficient and UPGMA clustering revealed interrelationships broadly in conformity with conventional treatments. Cluster analysis of the endosperm protein profiles of the selected accessions revealed three broad clusters. A moderate level of intraspecific variability was detected in the endosperm protein profile of different accessions of Fagopyrum esculentum, Moench. Three subgroups were detected in cluster 1. Subgroup 1 included varieties designated as Local, Kamroo local, OC-2 and␣VL-7 which were collected from VPKAS, Almora. Local, Kamroo local and OC-2 showed a similarity coefficient of 1.0 inspite of their being identified as different accessions. VL-7 emerged out separately from the rest of the three accessions. Accessions having winged grains and those having striations on the seed coat formed a 2nd and 3rd subgroup, respectively. IC-13145 which been identified as “F. himalianum”, showed 100%␣similarity in endosperm protein profile with IC-13376 (F. esculentum) and 85–90% similarity which other accessions of F. esculentum. Our results indicate that “F. himalianum” belongs to the esculentum group and should not be regarded as a different species. Cluster 2 included all the accessions of F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn. with Sangla 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and IC-412863 showing 100% similarity. F. cymosum emerged as a separate group distinct from both esculentum and tataricum. Accessions of F. tataricum and F. cymosum did not show significant intraspecific variation in the SDS PAGE profile of endosperm proteins. Out of the 20 primers used, 3 generated robust, easily interpretable amplified products. While a 1490 bp and a 300 bp RAPD was detected only in F. tataricum, a 1154 bp RAPD was detected in all accessions of F. tataricum except in Shimla B-1. This variety is early maturing and has high seed yields.     

Breaking Strength of Pedicel and Grain Shattering Habit in Two Species of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.)

Abstract

The grain shattering habit was examined in nine common buckwheat cultivars/strains (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) and four tartary buckwheat strains (F. tataricum Gaertner). As indices of grain shattering habit, the breaking bending strength and breaking tensile strength of the pedicel and the pedicel diameter were measured. Thin longitudinal pedicel sections were also observed. The breaking strength showed significant differences among cultivars, but the stage of seed maturity influenced the grain shattering habit. The two breaking strengths were larger in common buckwheat than in tartary buckwheat, and these differences may be explained by the pedicel diameter. The abscission layer was not observed in the pedicel tissue of the buckwheat cultivars.     

Effects of Sprouting on Texture of Cooked Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Noodles

Abstract

The firmness of buckwheat noodles plays an important role in its palatability. We investigated the effects of artificial sprouting after harvest and preharvest sprouting in the field of buckwheat grains on the firmness of cooked buckwheat noodles by measuring the force required to compress the cooked noodles. Sprouting significantly decreased the peak force and peak strain to compress cooked noodles, suggesting that sprouting lowers the palatability of cooked buckwheat noodles. Sprouting significantly decreased the force needed to compress cooked noodles largely, suggesting that the cooked noodles made from sprouting grains lead to the perception of less resistance to completely cut off by mastication.     

黔黑荞1号秋播高产栽培数学模型研究

采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计方法试验,以荞麦产量为目标,以播种量、氮、磷、钾肥施用量为探讨对象,建立了秋播条件下黔黑荞1号产量与播种量、氮、磷、钾肥施用量间关系的数学模型,通过模拟寻优,提出了黔黑荞1号产量≥2025kg/hm2和≥2100.OOkg/hm2的综合农艺栽培方案.     

甜荞离体胚培养研究

将甜荞的成熟胚和未成熟胚在含有不同种类和浓度的ＭＳ培养基中进行离体培养。在基本培养基中，胚芽生长发育不明显，胚根形成根系，下胚轴长成细长状。在含有１０ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ和１０ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ的培养基中，胚芽、胚根发育不良，下胚轴呈粗短状。当培养基中附加０２ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ和４０ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ时，胚芽生长发育正常，能长成小植株，但根系愈伤组织化。当培养基中添加１０ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ和４０ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ时，胚发育良好，生长旺盛，根系发达，形成正常小植株，３２ｄ时小植株分化出花蕾并能开花和结实。高浓度的ＢＡ与ＮＡＡ共同使用对于甜荞胚的正常生长和发育具有良好的促进作用。