检测猪戊型肝炎病毒的荧光定量PCR方法的建立

根据GenBank中猪戊型肝炎病毒的ORF2核苷酸序列的保守区域设计合成一对特异性引物,建立了一套SYBRGreen Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测猪源戊型肝炎病毒(swHEV)的方法,并评价了该方法的灵敏度、稳定性和特异性,同时与常规的RT-nPCR进行对比分析.结果表明,建立标准曲线的相关系数为0.998,斜率为-3.039,Ct值变异系数(CV)在0.17％～1.41％之间,有良好的稳定性.同时在检测猪群常见病中显示出很好的特异性,并且比RT-nPCR更灵敏,适合于swHEV的检测.     

Application of high-resolution melting curve analysis for typing of fowl adenoviruses in field cases of inclusion body hepatitis

Objective Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens. In this study, clinical cases of IBH from Australian broiler flocks were screened for the presence and genotype of FAdVs. Methods Twenty‐six IBH cases from commercial poultry farms were screened. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with high‐resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis (PCR/HRM genotyping) was used to determine the presence and genotype of FAdVs. For comparison, field isolates were also assessed by virus microneutralisation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the hexon loop 1 (Hex L1) gene. PCR detection of chicken anaemia virus (CAV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was also employed. Results FAdV‐8b and FAdV‐11 were identified in 13 cases each. In one case, FAdV‐1 was also identified. Cross‐neutralisation was observed between the FAdV‐11 field strain and the reference FAdV‐2 and 11 antisera, a result also seen with the type 2 and 11 reference FAdVs. Field strains 1 and 8b were neutralised only by their respective type antisera. The FAdV‐8b field strain was identical to the Australian FAdV vaccine strain (type 8b) in the Hex L1 region. The Hex L1 sequence of the FAdV‐11 field strain had the highest identity to FAdV‐11 (93.2%) and FAdV‐2 (92.7%) reference strains. In the five cases tested for CAV and IBDV, neither virus was detected. The evidence suggested the presence of sufficient antibodies against CAV and IBD in the parent flocks and there was no indication of immunosuppression caused by these viruses. Conclusion These results indicate that PCR/HRM genotyping is a reliable diagnostic method for FAdV identification and is more rapid than virus neutralisation and direct sequence analysis. Furthermore, they suggest that IBH in Australian broiler flocks is a primary disease resulting from two alternative FAdV strains from different species.     

鸭肝炎病毒VP1蛋白B细胞抗原表位预测及变异分析

以鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)SN株VP1基因序列为基础,运用Garnier-Robson、Chou-Fasman和Karplus-Schulz方法预测VP1蛋白的二级结构,并分别运用Kyte-Doolittle方法、Jameson-Wolf方法和Emini方法预测蛋白的亲水性、抗原指数和表面可及性,最后结合吴玉章的方法综合分析预测其B细胞抗原表位.结果显示,VP1蛋白C端第132～137、177～186、209～219区段有较好的亲水性、表面可及性和较高的抗原指数,并且在二级结构上含有易形成抗原表位的无规则卷曲和β-转角,可能是VP1蛋白的B细胞抗原优势表位;DHV SN株与弱毒疫苗株在推测的VP1 B细胞抗原表位177～186和209～219两个区域氨基酸序列变异较大.     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒VP1基因串联表达载体的构建

为了构建Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒双拷贝VP1基因的原核表达质粒,试验采用RT-PCR技术扩增鸭肝炎病毒VP1基因,将其连接到克隆载体pGEM-T Easy中得到重组克隆质粒pGEM-T-VP1,阳性克隆质粒经鉴定正确后,分别用BamHⅠ、XholⅠ、BglⅡ进行酶切,重组后得到pGEM-T-2VP1,然后将双拷贝VP1基因亚克隆入原核表达载体pET-30a(+)中,得到重组质粒pET-30a(+)-2VP1。结果表明:得到了含有目的基因的阳性克隆。说明Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒双拷贝VP1基因原核表达质粒构建成功。     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒RNA聚合酶基因的克隆及原核表达

根据Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒（Duck hepatitis virus,DHV-Ⅰ）ZJ-Ⅴ株基因组序列（GenBank登录号：EF382778）,设计了一对扩增RNA聚合酶基因（RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,RdRp）的特异性引物,以ZJ-Ⅴ株基因组为模板,扩增DHV-Ⅰ的RdRp基因。运用DNAStar软件对ZJ-Ⅴ株病毒与GenBank上已发表的其他不同DHV毒株的RdRp基因序列进行同源性比较和遗传进化分析,结果表明,ZJ-Ⅴ株与A型DHV-ⅠR85952株（DQ226541）的同源性为97.1%,亲缘关系最近,与2株台湾新型（B型）DHV之间为76.9%和77.0%,与C-GY株和4株韩国新型（C型）DHV株之间为76.2%~76.5%,亲缘关系较远。将RdRp基因克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）,获得重组表达质粒pET-RdRp,转化宿主菌E.coli BL21（DE3）,用IPTG进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE分析结果显示RdRp蛋白分子量约为65 kDa,Western blot检测证明RdRp蛋白能与Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎阳性血清产生特异性免疫反应,具有良好的免疫学活性。本文为进一步研究DHV-Ⅰ的复制机理奠定了基础。     

猪戊型肝炎病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及其分子流行病学

对已发表的戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)不同基因型毒株全序列进行分析,针对ORF3的保守区设计引物和探针优化建立了HEV荧光RT-PCR检测体系。分析表明该反应体系具有良好的扩增效率、特异性和稳定性,且检测灵敏度比普通RT-PCR方法高10～100倍。利用所建立的荧光定量PCR方法对采集自浙江及其周边上海、江苏等地区规模化猪场的样品以及HEV抗体阳性人血清样品进行了HEV核酸检测。其中,77份人血清样本仅有2份为HEV核酸阳性(2.6%)。而猪粪便样品阳性率则高达20.5%(56/273),且所调查的猪场均存在HEV感染。进一步的分子流行特征分析表明,浙江及周边地区的猪HEV毒株多为基因Ⅳ型,与其他地区的Ⅳ型HEV毒株同源性较高(83.4%～89.5%),但它们之间也存在较多的变异位点。猪源HEV毒株PJ-1则与多数Ⅲ型HEV毒株同源性较高(88%),进化分析也表明其为基因Ⅲ型。人血清样品中检测到的2份HEV毒株Human-1与Human-2与本地区Ⅳ型猪源毒株在分子进化关系上具有很高的亲源性,它们分布于同一分支内,而不构成独立分支。以上分析结果表明浙江及其周边地区猪HEV感染较为广泛,且以基因Ⅳ型毒株为主,但也存在...     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒SH株全基因组序列测定与分析

本研究从上海市某鸭场发病鸭群中分离到1株DHV-1型强毒株,对其进行毒价测定、琼脂扩散试验和动物回归实验,结果显示：按103.41 ELD50/0.2 mL接种1日龄雏鸭,该毒株对雏鸭有明显的致病性,死亡率为60%,肝脏病变率为100%。经全基因组测序显示：该毒株长度为7652 nt,含626 nt的5＇非编码区和314 nt的3＇非编码区,编码一个2249 aa大小的多聚蛋白。根据Blast比对发现,该毒株属于经典的DHV-1A群,与韩国经典强毒株R85952（99.7%）和中国分离强毒株HP-1（99.3%）的同源性最高。     

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of predictors of human hepatitis E virus exposure in non‐endemic countries

The reported incidence of clinical hepatitis E cases is rising in some non‐endemic countries, with concurrent concerns regarding potential hepatitis E virus (HEV) contamination of the blood supply. Therefore, the characterization of major potential sources of human HEV exposure is important to inform risk assessment and public health policy. A systematic review was conducted, including a comprehensive search in six electronic bibliographic databases, verified by hand‐searching reference lists of HEV reviews, and a grey literature search, of the broad research question ‘what is the evidence of the association between predictors of human HEV exposure, and HEV IgG seropositivity, in non‐endemic countries?’ Using forms designed a priori, captured studies were appraised at first‐level screening, second‐level characterization, and third‐level data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Meta‐analysis yielded summary estimates of association between potential predictors and odds of HEV seropositivity. Meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of the odds of HEV seroprevalence in specific groups characterized potential sources of HEV exposure. From 4,163 captured citations, 245 relevant studies underwent data extraction, investigating HEV seroprevalence or predictors in both healthy subjects and targeted patient groups. Across these groups, increasing age was a predictor of HEV IgG seropositivity. Both human immunodeficiency virus patients and haemodialysis patients had significantly increased odds of HEV seropositivity relative to the general population. Working with pigs, in forestry, or in hospitals, was significantly associated with increased odds of HEV seropositivity, as were consumption of meat, pork or game meat, or hunting. Chronological time was not associated with HEV seropositivity within our data sets. Further study of the distribution of potential dietary or behavioural predictors between high and lower prevalence areas within non‐endemic countries could improve our understanding of the relative importance of specific HEV transmission pathways.