四川地区藏猪戊型肝炎病毒的检测和遗传演化分析

旨在调查四川地区藏猪戊型肝炎病毒（hepatitis E virus,HEV）的流行情况和遗传演化,作者用RT-PCR法对2018—2020年采集自四川省甘孜藏族自治州和阿坝藏族自治州的22个藏猪场332份藏猪粪便样本进行HEV检测,并对阳性样本进行基因分型。RT-PCR检测结果表明HEV核酸阳性率为20.48%（68/332,95% CI=16.3%~25.2%）,22个规模藏猪场中HEV猪场阳性率为77.27%（17/22,95% CI=54.6%~92.2%）,健康样本阳性率为2.86%（3/105,95% CI=0.6%~8.1%）,腹泻样本阳性率为28.63%（65/227,95% CI=22.8%~35.0%）,系统进化分析显示所有阳性株均为G4型。为了进一步研究该地区流行毒株的演化过程,以贝叶斯进化分析软件进行分歧时间估算,结果表明,藏猪流行毒株的分歧时间最早为1999年,最晚为2016年。并分别从每年的样本中挑选1份阳性样本得到全基因组序列,核酸序列相似性为89.5%~93.1%。通过对3条全基因组重组分析发现SWU/301/2019存在重组现象,SWU/301/2019重组区域位于ORF1的3 746—4 655 bp。本研究首次对四川地区藏猪源HEV进行调查,结果表明四川藏猪中存在一定程度的HEV感染,为四川地区对藏猪感染HEV的防治以及深入研究四川藏猪源HEV遗传变异及生物学特性提供了参考依据。     

鸡包涵体肝炎病毒山西株的分离与鉴定

为了确诊山西某鸡场疑似鸡包涵体肝炎的的病例,本研究进行了鸡包涵体肝炎病毒的分离鉴定。将病死鸡肝脏研磨,经卵黄囊途径接种6日龄SPF鸡胚,成功获得1株病毒;并经过鸡胚病变特征、RT-PCR、基因测序、BLAST分析及动物回归试验等,成功分离出1株鸡包涵体肝炎病毒。进一步证明该病例是鸡包涵体肝炎病毒感染所致。     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒的分离与鉴定

鸭病毒性肝炎(duck virus hepatitis,DVH)是造成养鸭业严重经济损失的传染病之一。作者对松原市某鸭场送检的病死鸭进行病毒分离试验、雏鸭回归试验、DHV分离株ELD₅₀测定、雏鸭保护试验、鸡胚中和试验、鸭胚接种试验和电镜观察等,确诊该病为Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎。试验所分离得到的Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒与标准毒株的回归试验病理特征存在一定差异,其基因序列的测定及分析还有待于进一步研究。     

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Human and Pigs in Pig Farms from Guangdong Province,Southern China

Hepatitis E is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV), which has been classified into four genotypes. Genotypes 3 and 4 are regarded as zoonotic pathogens. Accumulating researches indicate that genotype 4 is the main HEV strain circulating in China, and there are high levels of seropositive pigs and human in some provinces of China. In this study, serum samples from pigs and from human occupationally exposed to pigs were obtained from pig farms in Guangdong Province, in subtropical southern China, in order to investigate for the first time the prevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the region. Antibodies against HEV were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using a commercially marketed kit. The results showed that high numbers of pigs (74/94; 78.7%) and human (50/94; 53.2%) from three pig farms in Guangdong Province were positive for anti-HEV IgG. The correlation coefficient relating the prevalence in pigs and human on different farms was 0.920. The seropositive rate in males (human) was 48.8% (20/41) and that in females was 47.7% (9/19), which showed no statistically significant difference. These data indicated that there was a high prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in pigs and in human with occupational exposure to pigs. The risk of infection with HEV in both human and pigs in Guangdong Province appeared to be age-dependent, to a certain extent. This study provided basic data for further researches on HEV and was a reminder that more attention should be paid to HEV infection both in pigs and workers on pig farms in the study region.     

Antihistone Autoantibodies in Dobermans With Hepatitis

Background

Immune system involvement is suggested as an underlying cause for Doberman hepatitis (DH) based on female predisposition, lymphocyte infiltration, abnormal hepatocyte expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens, and homozygosity for dog leukocyte antigen DRB1*00601.

Objective

To measure serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and serum antihistone antibodies (AHA) in Dobermans with hepatitis. To determine whether increased serum ANA or serum AHA could be used to support the diagnosis of Doberman hepatitis (DH).

Animals

Privately owned 25 subclinically and 13 clinically affected DH Dobermans and 17 healthy control Dobermans.

Methods

Case–control study. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy and line blot tests were employed for the ANA pilot studies and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay for detection of IgG AHA.

Results

Indirect immunofluorescence revealed ANA‐positive cases, and line blot showed AHA reactivity. In ELISA, importantly increased concentrations of AHA were found in 92% (23/25) of dogs in the subclinical stage and 84.6% (11 of 13) of dogs in the clinical stage of DH compared with no control dogs (0/17) (P < 0.0005). The mean AHA absorbance values of the blood samples obtained from the 25 subclinical DH dogs (1.36 ± 0.60, mean ± SD) and the 13 clinically affected dogs (1.46 ± 0.49) were significantly higher than in 17 control dogs (0.51 ± 0.18; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

As the presence of AHA indicates autoimmune activity, our results favor an autoimmune background as one cause for DH. Antihistone antibody could represent a novel means for screening Dobermans with increased serum alanine transaminase concentrations and suspicion of DH.     

禽腺病毒4型河南株Hexon全基因的克隆及遗传进化分析

【目的】分析禽心包积水-包涵体肝炎综合征的主要病原禽腺病毒4型(FAV-4)在河南省的流行和遗传变异情况。【方法】对2015年8-10月送检的40份疑似FAV-4感染的病料进行PCR阳性检测,同时根据采集地区与宿主的差异性,选取7份FAV-4阳性样品进行了Hexon全基因的扩增、克隆、测序和遗传进化分析。【结果】通过扩增Hexon基因421bp的片段,成功建立了禽腺病毒4型的PCR检测方法;40份家禽肝脏样品中,PCR检测显示35份为FAV-4阳性,阳性率为87.5%;成功扩增了包含Hexon基因全序列的片段,长度为2 889bp;7株FAV-4河南株的Hexon基因与GenBank中的12株FAV-4参考毒株Hexon基因序列之间核苷酸序列同源性为98.5%~99.8%,与参考株相比存在碱基的插入、突变现象;FAV-4河南株Hexon全基因推导的氨基酸序列与参考株之间的同源性为98.2%~99.8%,且发生变化的位置集中在前段和中段。【结论】FAV-4河南株与印度分离株亲缘关系较近,但与韩国分离株亲缘关系相对较远。     

鸭甲型病毒性肝炎最新研究进展

鸭病毒性肝炎(Duck Viral Hepatitis,DVH)是由鸭甲肝病毒引起雏鸭的一种急性、高度致死性传染性疫病。经典型鸭甲型病毒性肝炎可引发病鸭角弓反张等症状,剖检以肝脏肿大和出血为主要特征,而近年来发现的胰腺炎型鸭甲型病毒性肝炎则以引起病鸭胰腺明显发黄、出血且肝脏未见出血为主要特征。本文将从基因组结构、临床特征与病理变化、诊断方法等方面对这两种不同致病型毒株的研究进展进行综述。     

表达Ⅰ型鸭甲肝病毒VP1基因的重组鸭瘟病毒的构建

扩增鸭瘟病毒(DPV)生长非必需区的TK基因,并在其中间引入Bgl II酶切位点,再之克隆到pUC19载体,获得载体pTK。用限制性内切酶从已有质粒pcDNA-LacZ上切下CMV启动子、多克隆位点、SV40及LacZ的完整的基因表达盒,插入到pTK的TK基因中,获得质粒pTCL。用质粒T-VP1做模板,扩增出I型鸭甲肝病毒(以前称为血清I型鸭肝炎病毒)VP1基因,克隆到质粒pTCL表达盒的多克隆位点KpnI与XbaI之间,构建含LacZ及VP1基因的转移载体质粒pT-CL-VP1。将此转移载体与鸭瘟病毒C-KCE毒株共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),经蓝斑克隆筛选和纯化,获得了遗传性状稳定的表达I型鸭甲肝病毒VP1基因的重组鸭瘟病毒。     

贵州奶牛传染病检测和预防的研究

2006—2008年对贵州省内610份奶牛血清进行检测,其中有116份血清为乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性,平均阳性率19%;534份牛血清样品中,检出奶牛传染性鼻气管炎阳性血清29份,阳性率为5.4%,而运用血清补体结合反应(CFT)检测奶牛传染性胸膜肺炎,均为阴性。将HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性奶牛肝组织做电镜观察,发现肝组织中有密集的HBV颗粒。结果表明,贵州省奶牛可能存在乙型肝炎、传染性鼻气管炎的感染,应当引起奶牛养殖者的高度重视。     

三株鸭肝炎病毒1型全基因序列分析

【研究目的】为分析三株1型鸭肝炎病毒（DHV）的遗传变异和进化关系;【方法】采用RT-PCR和5'-/3'-RACE.方法测定三株1型鸭肝炎病毒全基因序列;【结果】研究结果表明,不含poly（A）尾巴的3株病毒的基因组全长为7691~7700 nt,基因组均仅含一个长度为6750 nt的ORF,625~627 nt 5'端非翻译区和325~328 nt 3'端非翻译区(UTR)。将3株病毒株与GeneBank公布的其他DHV-1全基因序列及小RNA病毒科的其它属代表病毒株进行序列分析表明,聚蛋白均被分割成为12个蛋白,其中VP1的变异性最大,180~187位为高变区。3株病毒与DHV-1参考毒株核苷酸序列同源性在93.7%~98.8%,氨基酸序列同源性在96.9%~98.8%,DHV-1各株在小RNA科病毒多聚蛋白氨基酸序列进化树上形成一个独立的进化分支;【结论】DHVs-1病毒间核苷酸和氨基酸仍较保守,它们在进化中可将其归为小RNA病毒科的一个新属。