芹菜汁叶绿素及色泽稳定性的研究

研究了不同ｐＨ值和不同的预煮处理对芹菜汁中的叶绿素和色泽稳定性之影响．结果表明：随着ｐＨ的降低，叶绿素转化率显著增大，芹菜汁的绿色明显减退，Ｈｕｎｔｅｒａ值也增大．随贮藏时间延长，Ｈｕｎｔｅｒａ值呈上升趋势，即绿色倾向减小，而Ｈｕｎｔｅｒｂ值变化不显著．芹菜用ＣｕＳＯ４和Ｚｎ（ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ）２预煮对芹菜汁的颜色有一定改进，但未明显降低叶绿素转化率     

氮与钙、硼配施对西芹生物学性状的影响*

 钙、硼是植物生长发育的必需营养元素。采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验,研究氮与钙、硼配施对设施西芹生物学性状的影响,结果表明:氮与钙、硼配施条件下,硼对西芹的株高影响最大,最佳的配施组合为N₂Ca₂B₃;钙对西芹的叶柄数和茎粗影响最大,最佳的配施组合分别为N₁Ca₁B₁,N₃Ca₃B₁;氮对西芹的叶柄粗影响最大,其中优化的配施组合为N₁B₁Ca₁;在西芹栽培中,氮、钙、硼配施有利于改善西芹的生物学性状。     

氮肥不同用量及基追肥比例对芹菜产量和品质的影响

通过盆栽试验研究氮肥不同用量和基追比例对芹菜的产量效应和品质效应。本试验条件下,施氮量为150mg/kg土时(约相当于337.5 kg/hm2)芹菜产量最高,继续增施氮肥,产量显著降低。施氮量为100 mg/kg土时(约相当于225 kg/hm2),Vc含量和可溶性糖含量最高,施氮量增加,芹菜品质显著降低。芹菜叶绿素、硝酸还原酶活性和硝酸盐含量与氮肥用量呈极显著的线性正相关。不同氮肥用量处理的芹菜在不同生育期的硝酸盐积累量均呈明显的“S”曲线。基肥N占100%时,芹菜的生长情况最好,基肥N占50%时,芹菜的叶绿素含量,硝酸还原酶活性,Vc和可溶性糖含量均最大。追施一次肥处理的芹菜叶片硝酸盐含量显著低于追两次肥的处理。     

芹菜形态发育和BR，GA3对其栽培生理效应的影响

1987－1989年，以本芹“实梗”与“空梗”两种类型的4个品种和西芹2个品种为试材，对营养生长期的形态发育,叶柄结构剖析的结果表明：匠菜的形态发育与栽培技术关系密切；用BR，GA3处理作比较，研究BR，GA3对芹菜品质与产量的影响，试验证明，BR对匠菜品质及产量有促进作用，能提高芹菜产量与品质。     

不同浓度赤霉素包衣对芹菜种子萌发效果的影响

以天津科润蔬菜所芹菜品种‘优文图斯’种子为材料,应用不同浓度的GA3包衣,分析种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数对包衣种子萌发的影响。结果表明,在种子基本芽率较高的情况下,不同浓度的GA3包衣芹菜种子对发芽率没有影响,一定浓度范围内GA3包衣处理芹菜种子对发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数有促进作用,包衣处理芹菜种子最佳GA3浓度为200mg·L-1时,芹菜种子发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数最高。     

中国芹菜黄酮含量的测定评价(英文)

黄酮类物质是芹菜最重要的次生代谢产物。该研究通过反相高效液相色谱测定了44份中国芹菜种质、美国西芹‘文图拉’和欧洲西芹‘皇后’叶片和叶柄中的芹菜素和毛地黄黄酮的浓度。结果表明:这46份芹菜种质叶片和叶柄中的芹菜素和毛地黄黄酮含量存在显著差异,叶片芹菜素含量、叶片毛地黄黄酮含量、叶片黄酮含量、叶柄芹菜素含量、叶柄毛地黄黄酮含量和叶柄黄酮含量的变异系数分别为30%,10%,30%,20%,30%和20%。叶片和叶柄中的黄酮含量没有相关性。叶片中芹菜素浓度是毛地黄黄酮浓度的18~50倍,叶柄中芹菜素浓度是毛地黄黄酮浓度的19-40倍。大部分中国芹菜种质的黄酮浓度高于西芹‘文图拉’和‘皇后’。分布在中国长江以南地区芹菜种质的黄酮含量高于北部地区芹菜种质。综上所述,叶柄是主要食用部位,因此叶柄具有高芹菜素含量的中国芹菜种质可应用于芹菜的育种,叶片具有高芹菜素含量的中国芹菜种质可应用于生产芹菜素产品。     

Intensity and balance concept as an approach to optimal vegetable production

Abstract

Optimal yields have been obtained by establishing and maintaining a specified ionic root environment. An Intensity and Balance Concept has been developed, utilizing intensity and balance soil testing procedures. Total salts and the proportionate concentration of cations and anions in a soil saturation extract are used to evaluate the ionic environment. That combination of ionic concentrations which gives the best yield is used as the standard forming the basis for fertilizer recommendations. Consistently high yields of fresh market tomatoes from 96,000 to 117,000 kg/ha were produced during 9 seasons using the procedures described where ionic environments were established and maintained. During these same seasons, the average Florida production for fresh market tomatoes was considerably less, ranging from 10,000 to 50,000 kg/ha.     

广州市南沙区西芹配套丰产优质栽培技术

西芹是从欧美引进的芹菜良种,近年在我国广泛引进种植,南沙区西芹的种植面积不断扩大;针对南沙区西芹生产状况,结合南沙区自然资源优势、市场优势、种植习惯,经过对西芹进行多年的栽培试验和生产,总结出一套适宜南沙区西芹种植的配套栽培技术,包括品种选择、播种育苗、整地施肥、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收等方面。     

咪鲜胺及其代谢物在芹菜和生姜中的残留行为及膳食风险评估

为研究咪鲜胺及其代谢物在芹菜和生姜中的残留行为及膳食摄入风险,开展咪鲜胺及其代谢物在芹菜和生姜上的1年6地规范残留试验,气相色谱法(GC-ECD)分析样品,采用农药残留联席会议的方法评价咪鲜胺及其代谢物在芹菜和生姜中的膳食摄入风险。在咪鲜胺的添加水平为0.02、0.1、1 mg/kg时,咪鲜胺在姜上的平均回收率为77%~87%,相对标准偏差为3%~13%。在咪鲜胺添加水平为0.05、0.5、1、10 mg/kg时,咪鲜胺在芹菜上的平均回收率为75%~114%,相对标准偏差为3%~6%。咪鲜胺在芹菜中的半衰期为6.1~6.8 d。一般人群对咪鲜胺的国家估算每日摄入量(NEDI)为0.67331 mg,膳食摄入风险概率为106.9%。试验结果显示,咪鲜胺及其代谢物在中国普通人群的膳食摄入风险不在可接受范围内,本试验为咪鲜胺的合理使用、科学监管及制定咪鲜胺在芹菜和生姜上的最大残留限量(MRL)标准提供试验数据依据。     

TREATED EFFLUENT AND SALINE WATER IRRIGATION INFLUENCES SOIL PROPERTIES,YIELD, WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND SODIUM CONTENT OF SNOW PEAS AND CELERY

To determine the effects of irrigation water quality, plants were irrigated with normal potable water [0.25 dS m^?1 electrical conductivity (EC), 25 mg L^?1 sodium (Na), 55 mg L^?1 chloride (Cl)], treated effluent (0.94 dS m^?1 EC, 122 mg L^?1 Na, 143 mg L^?1 Cl) and saline water with low salinity (1.24 dS m^?1 EC, 144 mg L^?1 Na and 358 mg L^?1 Cl) and high salinity (2.19 dS m^?1 EC, 264 mg L ^?1Na and 662 mg L^?1 Cl) for snow peas, and high salinity (3.07 dS m^?1 EC, 383 mg L^?1 Na and 965 mg L^?1 Cl) and very high salinity (5.83 dS m^?1 EC, 741 mg L^?1 Na and 1876 mg L^?1 Cl) for celery. The greater salts build up in the soil and ion toxicity (Cl and Na) with saline water irrigation contributed to significantly greater reduction in root and shoot biomass, water use, yield and water productivity (yield kg kL^?1 of water used) of snow peas and celery compared with treated effluent and potable water irrigation. There was 8%, 56% and 74% reduction in celery yield respectively with treated effluent, high salinity and very high salinity saline water irrigation compared with potable water irrigation. The Na concentration in snow peas shoots increased by 54%, 234% and 501% with treated effluent, low and high salinity saline water irrigation. Similarly, the increases in Na concentration in celery shoots were 19%, 35% and 82%. The treated effluent irrigation also resulted in a significant increase in soil EC, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content compared with potable water irrigation. The heavy metals besides salts build up appears to have contributed to yield reductions with treated effluent irrigation. The study reveals strong implications for the use of saline water and treated effluent for irrigation of snow peas and celery. The salt build up within the root zone and soil environment would be critical in the long-run with the use of saline water and treated effluent for irrigation of crops. To minimize the salinity level in rhizosphere, an alternate irrigation of potable water with treated effluent or low salinity level water may be better option.