生长猪对菜粕和豆粕中磷真消化率的研究

选用6头健康大白×长白阉公猪为消化试验动物,采用6×6拉丁方设计,设6个磷水平(0.11%,0.22%,0.33%,0.44%,0.55%,0.53%),以豆粕、葡萄糖、玉米淀粉等为基础,以菜粕为待测植物性饲料,配制半纯合试验饲粮,其中菜粕和豆粕为磷唯一来源。日粮中添加0.35%Cr2O3作为外源指示剂。分6个试验期(每期8 d,6 d适应期,2d收粪期),测定了生长猪内源磷排泄量及菜粕和豆粕磷的真消化率。结果表明:生长猪内源磷的排泄量为0.210 8g/kg DMI,菜粕、豆粕及6个半纯合饲粮中磷表观消化率分别为-0.30%,25.77%,7.25%,16.29%,16.54%,23.62%,15.04%,28.97%,而其真消化率分别为10.21%,32.94%,26.22%,23.62%,22.95%,23.57%,22.81%,32.94%。说明饲料磷真消化率更能反映动物对饲料磷消化吸收的真实情况,具有相对较好的重演性。     

水解羽毛粉替代豆粕饲喂生长猪的效果研究

选用20kg左右的DLY生长猪64头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加2%、4%、6%水解羽毛粉（等蛋白替代豆粕）的日粮。结果表明,随着试验日粮中水解羽毛粉添加量的提高,试验猪的日采食量和日增重降低,而料肉比上升,并且6%处理组差异达到显著（P〈0.05）;各处理组的干物质表观消化率、蛋白质表观消化率和有机物表观消化率均差异不显著（P〉0.05）,而氮的表观生物学价值和净蛋白利用率随着水解羽毛粉添加量的提高明显降低,并且6%处理组的净蛋白利用率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）和2%处理组（P〈0.05）;2%处理组的单位增重饲料成本较对照组降低0.20元/kg。     

不含 SBTI-A_2的基因导入我国大豆的遗传表达

大豆 Glycine max(L.)Merrill 种子中的主要营养抑制因子是 Kunitz 胰蛋白酶抑制剂(SBTI—A_2)。经利用标准 SBTI 比较谱带的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)分析方法,证实了我国栽培大豆中豆19、临沂81-551、通县元豆、中作84-C_(42)和中作84-C_(02)均属 Ti~aTi~a 型。并利用上述5个黄淮海夏大豆品种或品系与美国不含 SBTI-A_2(titi)品系 L_(81-4590)和 L_(83-4387)杂交,在7个组合的 F_2代中得到了 titi 型。其表型比例为3∶1,符合孟德尔单基因遗传规律。进一步的研究正在进行中。     

Multivariate effects of plant canopy, soil physico-chemistry and microbiology on Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean in relation to crop rotation and urban compost amendment

The effects of canopy, soil physico-chemical and microbiological variables on Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) on soybean were assessed in two soils (clay loam and sandy loam) using multiple regression and canonical redundancy analysis (RDA) and their partial form to control for the rotation (2 or 3-y-corn/soybean monoculture) and fertilization (mineral/urban compost) or spatial variables effects. The models revealed the minimal sets of variables that best explain the variance of the survival of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum’s sclerotia, carpogenic germination, disease severity and their associations. In clay loam, the 3-y-corn rotation reduced disease severity mainly through the reduction of weed biomass that favoured carpogenic germination. Urban compost has a conducive effect explained by a better soil surface drainage. Additionally, total N was found suppressive to sclerotial survival. In sandy loam, the carpogenic germination was negatively correlated with high C mineralization quotient and aggregate stability but correlated positively with Ca. Sclerotial survival was negatively correlated with pH and Ca, and positively correlated with biological fertility index. Aggregate stability, Ca and pH were associated with the urban compost. The regression and RDA analyses allowed to identify key variables that drived SSR development and explain their relationship with the cultural practices, soil health, as well as the spatial variation of disease variables.     

Soil carbon and nitrogen changes as affected by tillage system and crop biomass in a corn–soybean rotation

A wide range of tillage systems have been used by producers in the Corn-Belt in the United States during the past decade due to their economic and environmental benefits. However, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) and crop responses to these tillage systems are not well documented in a corn–soybean rotation. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different tillage systems on SOC and SON, residue C and N inputs, and corn and soybean yields across Iowa. The first experiment consisted of no-tillage (NT) and chisel plow (CP) treatments, established in 1994 in Clarion–Nicollet–Webster (CNW), Galva–Primghar–Sac (GPS), Kenyon–Floyd–Clyde (KFC), Marshall (M), and Otley–Mahaska–Taintor (OMT) soil associations. The second experiment consisted of NT, strip-tillage (ST), CP, deep rip (DR), and moldboard plow (MP) treatments, established in 1998 in the CNW soil association. Both corn and soybean yields of NT were statistically comparable to those of CP treatment for each soil association in a corn–soybean rotation during the 7 years of tillage practices. The NT, ST, CP, and DR treatments produced similar corn and soybean yields as MP treatment in a corn–soybean rotation during the 3 years of tillage implementation of the second experiment. Significant increases in SOC of 17.3, 19.5, 6.1, and 19.3% with NT over CP treatment were observed at the top 15-cm soil depth in CNW, KFC, M, and OMT soil associations, respectively, except for the GPS soil association in a corn–soybean rotation at the end of 7 years. The NT and ST resulted in significant increases in SOC of 14.7 and 11.4%, respectively, compared with MP treatment after 3 years. Changes in SON due to tillage were similar to those observed with SOC in both experiments. The increases in SOC and SON in NT treatment were not attributed to the vertical stratification of organic C and N in the soil profile or annual C and N inputs from crop residue, but most likely due to the decrease in soil organic matter mineralization in wet and cold soil conditions. It was concluded that NT and ST are superior to CP and MP in increasing SOC and SON in the top 15 cm in the short-term. The adoption of NT or CP can be an effective strategy in increasing SOC and SON in the Corn-Belt soils without significant adverse impact on corn and soybean yields in a corn–soybean rotation.     

非金属矿物改良皖南酸性红黄壤应用研究

应用非金属矿物沸石(尿素沸石)、白云石改良皖南地区酸性红黄壤,结果表明:盆栽玉米、大豆植株干物重增加39.4%-54.5%,NPK吸收量增加25.7%-52.7%;大田试验玉米产量增加23.5%,NPK吸收量增加8.2%-30.6%。沸石(尿素沸石)与白云石配合效果好,是改良酸性红黄壤有效途经。     

发酵豆粕的生产现状及产品质量评定研究

介绍了国内主要发酵豆粕厂家的生产工艺流程、产品质量评定指标及鉴别方法。     

利用髙稳系数法分析夏大豆品种的高产稳产性

利用髙稳系数法（HSC法）,对2011～2012年参加国家大豆品种区域试验的材料进行了高产性和稳产性分析。结果表明：产量最高的中黄41稳定性较差,仅适宜在高产地区如北京、天津和山东等地种植;中作05-15、中黄39和冀06B9高产性和稳定性均较好,可在生产上推广应用;中作017020、汾9877-10和中黄30产量均     

灌溉方式对大豆光合性状及土壤水分利用率的影响

设置均匀灌溉、固定隔沟灌溉、交替隔沟灌溉3种灌溉方式,分别在大豆开花期、结荚期和鼓粒期进行灌溉,每次单沟灌水量分为60、45和30 mm 3个水平,以不灌溉为对照,研究了灌溉方式对大豆光合特性的影响.结果表明:灌溉可极显著提高大豆叶片的光合速率和大豆产量,交替隔沟灌45 mm的R4期光合速率、产量与交替隔沟灌60 mm差异不显著,而且土壤水分利用效率最高,从节水增产增效角度分析,交替隔沟灌溉45 mm的灌溉方式最佳.     

呼伦贝尔市2011年大豆生长季气候影响分析

2011年呼伦贝尔市大豆种植62.62万hm2,比2010年增加4.68万hm2。通过2011年气候资料的统计分析,得知在大豆生长季气温稍低,降水正常或局部偏多,大部分地区光照偏少,光、水、热匹配较好,尤其是水分条件对需水较多的大豆生长较为有利。