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51.
辐照杀虫是利用电离辐射与害虫的相互作用所产生的物理、化学和生物效应,导致害虫不育或死亡的一种物理防虫技术.用于辐照杀虫处理的射线主要是γ射线(60Co或137Cs)、10 MeV以下电子束以及5 MeV以下的X射线,其中钴源辐照杀虫产业化发展迅速,电子束和X射线辐照发展相对滞后,随着近年来加速器技术的进步,电子束辐照杀虫显示出独特的优势,并受到越来越广泛的重视.辐照对不同储粮害虫、同一种储粮害虫的不同发育时期和性别有着不同的生物学效应,总体来看储粮害虫对辐照较为敏感:不同害虫的辐射敏感性顺序为:鞘翅目>蜱螨目>鳞翅目;同种害虫不同虫态的敏感性顺序为:卵、幼虫>蛹>成虫;雌性害虫的敏感性大于雄性害虫.粮食辐照杀虫工艺流程一般包括:辐照前处理、虫情调查、剂量决策、辐照处理、辐照后管理和重复辐照等几个部分.在辐照杀虫的工艺剂量(0.3~0.5 kGy)条件下,辐照对粮食的食用品质和功能特性没有影响,辐照后的粮食也不存在卫生安全性问题.因此,辐照杀虫技术作为一种安全有效的储粮害虫防治手段,是储粮化学药剂的一种重要补充和替代,在储粮害虫防治领域有着巨大的市场前景. 相似文献
52.
(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 257–263, 2006)
The symptom of blighted leaves was observed for the melon plants grown on an isolated soil bed after steam sterilization (SS) in a greenhouse in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. To clarify the causes of this symptom, soil and plant analyses were conducted in the first experiment. Manganese concentrations in the leaves with the symptom were higher than 1,000 mg kg−1and exchangeable Mn in the soil was higher than 30 mg kg−1, which indicated the observed symptom was due to Mn excess. In the second experiment, formation of Mn oxide-dissolving substances after SS was examined for several organic amendments, because large amounts of palm chips had been supplied to the soil before SS in the first experiment. As a treatment similar to SS, palm chips, bark compost, and cattle feces manure were autoclaved. The water extracts were collected before and after the autoclave treatment and the Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the extracts were evaluated. The Mn oxide-dissolving capacity of the water extracts after SS was remarkably higher than before SS, and the value was highest in palm chips, and followed by bark compost, and cattle feces manure. Fractionation and HPLC analysis of the water extracts after SS revealed that the main substance behind Mn oxide reduction in palm tips was arabinose and that in bark manure was malic acid. Further, Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the water extracts were almost completely explained by the amounts of arabinose or malic acid found in these materials. From these results, it was considered that reducing substances such as arabinose were released by SS from the palm chips which had been applied in large quantity before SS and these reducing substances dissolved the soil Mn oxides and increased the amounts of available Mn, which led to the occurrence of Mn toxicity to the plants. 相似文献
The symptom of blighted leaves was observed for the melon plants grown on an isolated soil bed after steam sterilization (SS) in a greenhouse in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. To clarify the causes of this symptom, soil and plant analyses were conducted in the first experiment. Manganese concentrations in the leaves with the symptom were higher than 1,000 mg kg−1and exchangeable Mn in the soil was higher than 30 mg kg−1, which indicated the observed symptom was due to Mn excess. In the second experiment, formation of Mn oxide-dissolving substances after SS was examined for several organic amendments, because large amounts of palm chips had been supplied to the soil before SS in the first experiment. As a treatment similar to SS, palm chips, bark compost, and cattle feces manure were autoclaved. The water extracts were collected before and after the autoclave treatment and the Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the extracts were evaluated. The Mn oxide-dissolving capacity of the water extracts after SS was remarkably higher than before SS, and the value was highest in palm chips, and followed by bark compost, and cattle feces manure. Fractionation and HPLC analysis of the water extracts after SS revealed that the main substance behind Mn oxide reduction in palm tips was arabinose and that in bark manure was malic acid. Further, Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the water extracts were almost completely explained by the amounts of arabinose or malic acid found in these materials. From these results, it was considered that reducing substances such as arabinose were released by SS from the palm chips which had been applied in large quantity before SS and these reducing substances dissolved the soil Mn oxides and increased the amounts of available Mn, which led to the occurrence of Mn toxicity to the plants. 相似文献
53.
为研究电子束辐照对天麻灭菌效果及其品质的影响,采用0(CK)、5、7、9、11、13 kGy剂量的电子束辐照处理天麻粉,测定天麻的微生物含量、色泽、理化性质、指纹图谱相似度及活性成分含量等指标。结果表明,经9 kGy辐照处理后,天麻中均未检出需氧菌、霉菌和酵母菌;辐照后天麻的L*值降低,9 kGy剂量总色差值变化最小;辐照对天麻的水分、总灰分含量均无显著影响,9~13 kGy吸收剂量下天麻的醇溶性浸出物含量显著增加(P<0.05);不同吸收剂量电子束辐照处理后天麻指纹图谱的相似度为0.995~0.998;辐照对天麻主要活性成分的总含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上,9 kGy电子束辐照处理既能减少天麻微生物含量,又能最大限度地保持其品质不受影响。本研究结果为电子束辐照在天麻灭菌工艺中的应用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
54.
55.
脉冲强光对熟地瓜干杀菌效果及品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
脉冲强光可以有效地杀灭熟地瓜干表面污染菌,20 s处理可使大肠杆菌数量降低5个数量级;25 s处理熟地瓜干的感官品质(色泽、气味、质地、味道)没有显著变化;理化品质(总糖含量、蛋白质含量)变化率都不超过0.30%;在3个杀菌工艺参数中,闪照时间对熟地瓜干杀菌效果和理化品质的影响最大. 相似文献
56.
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58.
59.
3个产地板蓝根多糖作用的比较研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过小鼠吞噬试验、脾淋巴细胞增殖试验和最低抑菌与最低杀菌浓度的检测,对不同产地板蓝根多糖功能进行比较研究。结果表明,3个产地板蓝根多糖均使小鼠吞噬能力增强,并协同促进淋巴细胞增殖,具有一定的杀菌和抑菌效果。 相似文献
60.
高羊茅种子内生真菌的消毒方法 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
在高羊茅Festuca arundinacea组织培养中最常用的外植体是成熟种子,而种子中共生的半知菌亚门内生真菌Neotyphodium coenophialum使消毒较为困难,污染率高.为了研究温水处理对富含内生真菌的高羊茅种子发芽率、污染率和出愈率的影响,以不同温度(40,50,60℃)、不同时间(10,20,30min)的温水浸泡和次氯酸钠配合使用处理高羊茅种子,并进行发芽率试验和愈伤组织培养.经统计学分析发现,适用于富含内生真菌的高羊茅种子的最佳消毒组合为50℃温水浸泡10min,再经70%酒精处理5min,然后用次氯酸钠处理15min.消毒方法在保证较高种子发芽率的前提下,可降低种子污染率,提高出愈率.该消毒技术对于解决高羊茅因内生真菌造成的严重污染、出愈率低等现象有重要作用,并为高羊茅再生体系构建奠定重要的试验基础. 相似文献