Hydrogen peroxide localization and antioxidant status in the recovery of apricot plants from European Stone Fruit Yellows

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) localization and roles of peroxidases, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were compared in leaves of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) plants asymptomatic, European Stone Fruits Yellows (ESFY)-symptomatic and recovered. Nested PCR analysis revealed that Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum, is present in asymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered apricot trees, confirming previous observations on this species, in which recovery does not seem to be related to the disappearance of phytoplasma from the plant.H₂O₂was detected cytochemically by its reaction with cerium chloride, which produces electron-dense deposits of cerium perhydroxides. H₂O₂was present in the plasmalemma of the phloem cells of recovered apricot plant leaves, but not in the asymptomatic or symptomatic material. Furthermore, by labelling apricot leaf tissues with diaminobenzidine DAB, no differences were found in the localization of peroxidases.Protein content in asymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered leaves was not significantly different from one another. In contrast, guaiacol peroxidase activity had the following trend: symptomatic > recovered > asymptomatic, whereas reduced glutathione content followed the opposite trend: asymptomatic > recovered > symptomatic. Moreover, no differences were observed in malondialdehyde concentrations between asymptomatic, symptomatic and recovered leaves. The overall results suggest that H₂O₂ and related metabolites and enzymes appear to be involved in lessening both pathogen virulence and disease symptom expression in ESFY-infected apricot plants.     

热激处理对番茄幼苗抗冷性的影响

试验以"月光"番茄为试材,研究了热激处理对番茄幼苗抗冷性的影响。结果表明,番茄幼苗经过44℃、2h的热激处理后其抗冷性明显增加。热激处理提高了番茄幼苗叶片内的可溶性蛋白质含量,使幼苗在经低温伤害后其可溶性蛋白质含量仍保持一个较高的水平。经过热激处理的幼苗在经受低温伤害时其相对电导率和丙二醛含量显著低于对照。     

干旱胁迫与抗蒸腾剂对喜树几项生理指标及喜树碱含量的影响

经过12d的干旱胁迫，喜树叶内Fpro和MDA含量分别升高了46．7％和19．06％，是同期对照的138．93％的117％；Pn降为负值；Tr和Sc显著下降，降低幅度分别为58．28％和75％；且随着胁迫时间的延长，变化幅度逐步增大。抗蒸腾剂可有效地缓解胁迫对喜树的不良影响。短期干旱胁迫可使叶内喜树碱的含量明显提高，在生产中可由此而提高喜树碱的产量。     

“葫芦克星”对恶性杂草水葫芦的几个生理指标的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了“葫芦克星”对水葫芦几个生理指标的影响,探讨“葫芦克星”控制恶性杂草水葫芦的机制。研究结果表明,喷施“葫芦克星”后,水葫芦叶片的过氧化物酶（POD）活性、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量与水葫芦的胁迫反应是相关的。喷药后,水葫芦叶片POD活性一直处于下降趋势且比清水对照POD活性低,而PPO活性和MDA含量则是先上升后下降且比清水对照高。     

Predictive models of drought tolerance indices based on physiological,morphological and biochemical markers for the selection of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties

The use of tolerant crop varieties is a strategy that mitigates the water deficit effect in a sustainable way. The generation of these varieties is more efficient when variables associated with this tolerance have been identified, since they can facilitate the breeding processes. This study aimed to establish the relationships between water deficit tolerance of four cotton varieties (Nevada-123, Oasis-129, Guatapuri, and Festivalle) and morphological variables (monopodial branches, boll weight, root/shoot ratio, and leaf and root dry matter), physiological variables (relative water content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching, photochemical efficiency of PSII, chlorophyll a/b ratio (Chl a/b), C¹²/C¹³ isotope ratio, and electrolyte leakage), and biochemical variables (contents of sugars, proline, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde). Furthermore, calibrated predictive models of the drought tolerance indices were developed based on the key variables identified. For this purpose, a pot experiment was established where plants were subjected to a moderate or severe water deficit during the blooming stage for 12 days. The stress tolerance index (STI) and mean productivity (MP) were calculated. For the evaluated variables, the differences between well-watered and water deficit plants (Δ) were calculated and ANOVA, partial least squares, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyzes were performed. A model was generated that explained 95% of the STI and was composed of Δmalondialdehyde, Δproline, and Δboll weight. For MP, the model was comprised of Δstomatal conductance, Δroot/shoot ratio, and ΔChl a/b, and explained 89% of the MP. The analysis of the assessed variables allowed the identification of key variables and the development of calibrated predictive models that can be used in screening to obtain cotton varieties with different levels of water deficit tolerance.     

腐殖酸与水稻抗冷性的研究初探

低温胁迫下，腐殖酸可提高水稻脯氨酸含量，多酚氧化酶比活力，脱落酸含量，并减少了水稻的质膜诱性及丙二醛含量。试验证明，腐殖酸确实可以提高水稻的抗冷性     

水分胁迫对若干芸苔属蔬菜某些生理生化指标的影响

采用６个耐旱性不同的十字花科芸苔属蔬菜［结球甘蓝（耐旱）、球茎甘蓝、黄花芥蓝、花椰菜、大叶芥菜、大白菜（不耐旱）］为试验材料，经水分胁迫处理后，叶细胞质膜透性、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）以及多胺（Ｐｕｔ、Ｓｐｄ、Ｓｐｍ）含量均有不同程度的增加．与此同时，叶片中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性和吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）含量均有所下降．经相关统计分析发现，叶片质膜透性与ＭＤＡ含量成极显著正相关，与ＰＯＤ、ＳＯＤ活性和ＩＡＡ含量成极显著负相关；ＭＤＡ与ＰＯＤ、ＳＯＤ活性和ＩＡＡ含量成极显著负相关；而ＰＯＤ与ＳＯＤ活性、ＩＡＡ含量以及ＳＯＤ活性与ＩＡＡ含量则均成显著正相关．文中对蔬菜抗旱性机理进行了初步讨论     

干旱胁迫下外源喷施ABA对地被菊生理特性的影响

为探讨外源ABA的化学调控作用,研究了干旱胁迫条件下喷施不同浓度外源激素脱落酸(ABA)对地被菊幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:喷施ABA后,地被菊幼苗蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)明显下降。外源ABA延缓了叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量的下降,提高丙二醛和可溶性糖等渗透调节物质的水平,提高了植物的抗旱能力。浓度为100mg·L-1 ABA的处理效果最佳。     

海南胡椒属植物抗寒性评价

对10种海南胡椒属植物叶片进行-3,-5,-7℃低温处理后,采用电导仪法和硫代巴比妥酸法,分别测定低温低温胁迫对海南胡椒属植物叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量的影响,同时对其抗寒性进行评价。结果表明：蒌叶、山蒌、大叶蒟、复毛胡椒抗寒性较强,而大叶种胡椒和海南蒟的抗寒能力较弱。     

Response of Osmotic Regulation Substance Content and Protective Enzyme Activities to Shading in Leaves of Different Rice Genotypes

Effects of shading at the flowering and grain filling stages on osmotic regulation substance content and protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes (e.g.,IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838) were investigated.The results showed that the malondialdehyde content of Gangyou 188 significantly increased under shading,whereas those of IIyou 498,Dexiang 4103,Gangyou 527 and Chuanxiang 9838 showed no significant differences compared to the control.The soluble sugar content significantly decreased in IIyou 498,Gangyou 188,Dexiang 4103 and Chuanxiang 9838,whereas it did not significantly increase in Gangyou 527 under the weak light conditions (shading).Moreover,the soluble protein content in the leaves of different genotypes tended to decrease under shading.Further,the protective enzyme activities in the leaves varied in different rice genotypes under the shading treatment.Based on the osmotic regulation substance content and the protective enzyme activities in the leaves of different rice genotypes,it was concluded that Gangyou 188 and Gangyou 527 had strong abilities to adapt to the low light conditions.In addition,the mechanism of damage to rice leaves in different genotypes under shading was discussed.