金鱼胚胎发育过程中免疫相关酶活性及丙二醛含量的变化

以金鱼(Carassius auratus)胚胎为研究对象,于受精卵发育24 h时开始取样,以后每隔24 h分别取正常发育胚胎作为实验样品.采用生物化学方法分别测定金鱼胚胎发育不同时期溶菌酶和过氧化氢酶活性及丙二醛含量.结果显示,溶菌酶(lysozyme,LSZ)活性在金鱼胚胎发育过程中呈现下降的趋势,受精后96 h胚胎中LSZ活性降至最低点,为(0.450±0.064) U/mg; 96 h和以后的120 h、144 h胚胎LSZ活性均显著低于24 h胚胎LSZ活性(P＜0.05).过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性在胚胎发育过程中也呈现下降的变化趋势,96 h、120 h和144 h胚胎CAT活性显著低于24 h胚胎CAT活性(P＜0.05).而丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量在胚胎发育中呈逐渐增多的趋势,96 h后明显增多,120 h和144 h胚胎MDA含量显著高于24 h胚胎MDA含量(P.＜0.05).金鱼胚胎发育过程中LSZ和CAT活性逐渐降低是由于这两种母源性的酶在胚胎发育中逐步消耗,而自身酶合成系统尚未形成所致.CAT活性降低导致活性氧自由基增多和MDA逐渐积累,说明胚胎发育后期细胞内已发生一定的氧化应激反应.     

Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid/vitamin E (PUFA/tocopherol ratio on antioxidant defence mechanisms of juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L., Osteichthyes, Sparidae)

Lipid peroxidation, specifically polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) oxidation is highly deleterious, resulting in damage to cellular biomembranes, and may be a principal cause of several diseases in fish including jaundice and nutritional muscular dystrophy. Tissue lipid PUFA content and composition are critical factors in lipid peroxidation, as is the level of endogenous antioxidant molecules such as vitamin E. The primary objective of the present study was the characterization of antioxidant systems in a cultured juvenile marine fish, gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) with the underlying aim to understand how to avoid oxidation problems that may cause pathologies and disease and so to enhance growth and quality of early ongrowing stages. Juvenile sea bream were fed diets having either high or low levels of fish oil and supplemented or basal levels of vitamin E with PUFA/vitamin E ratios ranging from 117±12 in the diet with low PUFA supplemented with vitamin E to 745±48 in the diet with high PUFA with no additional vitamin E. None of the diets had serious deleterious effects on growth or survival of the fish, but the different dietary regimes were effective in significantly altering the PUFA/vitamin E ratios in the fish livers with values ranging from 5.7±0.4 in fish fed the diet with low PUFA supplemented with vitamin E to 91.1±13.2 in fish fed the diet with high PUFA with no additional vitamin E. This had effects on the peroxidation status of the fish as indicated by the significantly altered levels of in vivo lipid peroxidation products measured in liver, with fish fed the diet rich in PUFA and low in vitamin E showing significantly higher values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and isoprostanes. The isoprostane levels generally followed the same pattern as the TBARS levels supporting its value as an indicator of in vivo oxidative stress in fish, as it is in mammals. However, few significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activities were observed suggesting that more severe conditions may be required to affect these activities such as increasing the PUFA/vitamin E ratio or by increasing peroxidative stress through the feeding of oxidized oils.     

干旱胁迫下葡萄根系的生理生化变化与抗旱性的关系

以盆栽不同抗旱类型葡萄品种为试材,研究了干旱胁迫下,葡萄根系的生理生化变化。结果表明:葡萄根系的生理生化指标与抗旱性有密切的相关性。葡萄根系的相对电导率值,随着干旱胁迫程度的增加而增大,抗旱性强的品种其膜结构破坏相对要轻,其相对电导率变化小,因此其相对电导率值维持较低的水平;随干旱胁迫加强,不同葡萄品种根系组织中游离脯氨酸含量的变化呈现上升趋势,抗旱的葡萄品种,其游离脯氨酸含量变化明显大于不抗旱品种;干旱胁迫下,葡萄根系丙二醛含量增加,抗旱性弱品种增幅大,抗旱性强的品种增幅小;随着干旱胁迫程度的加强,过氧化物酶活性变化,表现为先上升后下降趋势,抗旱性强的葡萄品种,其根系过氧化物酶活性维持在较高的水平。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶小母猪生产性能、血清抗氧化功能和免疫功能的影响

为了研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEA)污染饲粮对断奶小母猪生产性能、血清抗氧化功能、血清抗体水平及外周血淋巴细胞增殖率的影响。将40头健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶小母猪按日龄[(35±1)日龄]和平均体重[(14.01±0.86)kg]分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮(ZEA水平的测定值为0 mg/kg),试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5、1.0及1.5 mg/kg ZEA[ZEA水平的测定值分别为(0.52±0.07)mg/kg、(1.04±0.03)mg/kg和(1.51±0.13)mg/kg]。预试期10 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:饲粮ZEA对断奶小母猪平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比没有显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,ZEA显著降低了血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px,0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA)活性、猪瘟(1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA)和伪狂犬病病毒抗体水平(1.5 mg/kg ZEA)以及外周血淋巴细胞增殖率(1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA)(P0.05),而显著升高了血清丙二醛(MDA,0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA)含量(P0.05)。随着饲粮中ZEA水平的升高,断奶小母猪的料重比呈一次线性降低趋势(P=0.075),血清GSH-Px、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,血清病毒(猪瘟、伪狂犬病和高致病性猪蓝耳病病毒)抗体水平和外周血淋巴细胞增殖率均呈一次线性降低(P0.05),而血清MDA含量则呈一次线性升高(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中0.5 mg/kg的ZEA足以诱导小母猪的氧化应激反应,1.0 mg/kg的ZEA能够显著降低断奶小母猪的特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫功能。     

Effects of humic acid on remediation of the nutritional deficiency of gerbera in hydroponic culture

Information is scant on the effect of humic acid (HA) on physiological, antioxidant and photosynthesis attributes of gerbera plants undergoing nutrient deficiency in culture solution. Gerbera plants cv. Malibu were grown in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications, using 3 different nutrient solutions [complete nutrient solution (NSc), 25% NSc (NS1), and 50% NSc (NS2)] treated with 2 levels of humic acid [0 (HA0) and 500 mg/l (HA1)].The interaction effect of HA and NS showed that HA improved the flower number in NSc, the transpiration in NS1+HA1, photosynthesis rate in NSc+HA1, stomatal conductance (gs) in NS2, mesophyll conductance of leaves in all NS levels and photosynthetic water use efficiency in NSc+HA1. The interaction effect of nutrient solution and HA on antioxidant activity was inconclusive, malondialdehyde content was the highest in NS2 and the lowest in NS1+HA1. The peroxidase activity increased in complete nutrient solution with and without HA and there were no differences among other treatments. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in NS1 and complete nutrient solution with HA and reached the highest in NSc. Humic acid was more effective in nutrient uptake, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, and iron (N, P, K, Ca, Zn, and Fe) in complete nutrient solution compared to NS1 and NS2. Conclusively, humic acid can compensate the nutrient deficiency stress of the culture solution in regards to protein synthesis, photosynthesis attributes regardless of the nutrient uptake of gerbera.     

储藏时间对油松种子萌发及生理特征变化的影响

油松是我国主要的造林树种,所以对其苗木的需求量很大。试验以不同储藏时间的油松种子为研究对象,通过常规催芽方法来比较不同储藏时间油松种子的发芽及生理变化。结果表明:油松种子的发芽率和发芽势都以1a和2a储藏时间最高,发芽率分别为48.5%和49.7%;随着油松种子储藏时间延长,种子老化严重,其中都以短时间储藏种子丙二醛含量最低和过氧化酶活性最高。     

硼对黄果柑生理及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以7年生黄果柑果树为材料,设置4个硼处理,研究硼对黄果柑根、叶片生理反应和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,叶片中不溶性硼含量增长了1～7倍,不溶性硼是根、叶中硼的主要存在形式。硼砂处理显著增加了黄果柑根、叶片中硼和脯氨酸含量,各处理叶片丙二醛含量差异不显著。硼不足和高量都会增大黄果柑果实成熟后期叶片细胞膜透性,显著降低叶片中叶绿素含量,降低果实过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。尤其当硼含量较高时,脯氨酸含量有所积累,激活氧化应激反应从而降低黄果柑根、叶的硼毒害作用。     

窄冠黑青杨对重金属复合胁迫的生理响应

采用盆栽试验方法研究了不同浓度Pb2+、Cd2+、Hg2+复合胁迫下黑青杨的相关生理生化指标的变化.结果表明:随着重金属复合胁迫浓度的增加,黑青杨的根系活力、光合活性各指标呈下降的趋势;叶片游离脯氨酸含量与丙二醛(MDA)呈逐渐增加趋势;在较低浓度的Pba+、Cd2+、Hg2+复合胁迫的处理下,黑青杨根系活力稍有增强,说明低浓度的复合胁迫对其有一定的刺激作用;随着土壤复合胁迫浓度增加,黑青杨的净光合速率(Pn)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C1)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)逐渐下降,且均在最高处理浓度时达到谷值.研究发现,高浓度的Pb2+、Cd2+、Hg2+复合胁迫所导致的Pn下降是由气孔限制因素所致.本研究能为环境监测中评价土壤重金属污染程度提供参考,同时也为受污染地区绿化树种的选择提供科学的理论依据.     

木瓜秀粉蚧为害对不同木薯品种次生代谢物质含量的影响

次生代谢物质在植物防御植食性害虫时发挥重要作用,但目前尚无次生代谢物质与木薯品种抗虫相关性的报道。本研究系统开展了木瓜秀粉蚧为害前后不同木薯品种叶组织中总酚、丙二醛、单宁等次生代谢物质含量的差异分析。结果表明,与为害前相比,木瓜秀粉蚧为害1、4、8 d后,感虫木薯品种‘BRA900’‘面包’‘SC205’和‘瑞士T7’叶组织中总酚与丙二醛含量无显著差异,单宁含量则显著降低,而抗虫木薯品种‘缅甸’和‘C1115’叶组织中总酚和单宁含量显著增加,丙二醛含量显著降低。抗虫木薯品种的总酚含量在粉蚧为害前显著低于感虫木薯品种,而粉蚧为害1、4、8 d后显著高于感虫木薯品种;抗虫木薯品种丙二醛含量在为害前与感虫木薯品种无显著差异,粉蚧为害1、4、8 d后显著低于感虫木薯品种;抗虫木薯品种单宁含量在为害前后均显著高于感虫木薯品种。相关性分析发现,木薯对木瓜秀粉蚧的抗性与叶组织中总酚含量和单宁含量显著正相关,与丙二醛含量显著负相关。本研究初步阐明基于次生代谢物质总酚、丙二醛、单宁的木薯品种对木瓜秀粉蚧的抗性机理。     

Assessment of drought tolerance in mung bean cultivars/lines as depicted by the activities of germination enzymes,seedling’s antioxidative potential and nutrient acquisition

Drought stress hampers firm crop stand establishment and yield in arid and semiarid regions. The present study was conducted to examine the drought tolerance of various mung bean cultivars/lines based on the seed germination characteristics in relation with the seedling’s antioxidative potential and nutrient uptake. Activities of germination enzymes, seed germination attributes, seedling biomass production and nutrient uptake of studied cultivars/lines were adversely affected due to PEG-induced drought but the total soluble proteins (TSP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were increased. The activities of catalse (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased in all cultivars/lines being the maximum in cv./line NM-2006 and 8005. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased in cv./line NM-2006 and 8005 under drought condition. The ascorbic acid (AsA) and total phenolic content (TPC) decreased and total flavonoid content (TFC) increased in all cultivars/lines due to drought. Significant reduction in N, P, K, Ca and Mg was found in all cvs./lines but Fe remain unchanged. In conclusion, cultivars/lines NM-2006, 8005 were recommended as drought tolerant and 97,006 and 97,001 as drought sensitive ones. The study outcomes will likely be helpful for the farmers growing mung bean in rain fed areas for the better productivity.