黄芪多糖和2株益生菌体外抑菌作用研究

采用吸光度法研究了黄芪多糖在体外对2株益生菌(乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌)和3株致病菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)的作用,以及2株益生菌对3株致病菌的作用。结果表明:10 mg/L,20 mg/L和40 mg/L的黄芪多糖对2株益生菌均有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),对3株致病菌,除10 mg/L浓度对大肠杆菌作用不显著(P>0.05)外,其余均显著抑制了致病菌生长(P<0.05),且以20 mg/L效果最佳;乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌对3株致病菌均有显著抑制作用(P<0.05)。试验结果显示:黄芪多糖和2株有益菌在体外均能抑制致病菌的生长,且黄芪多糖对2株益生菌存在抑制作用。     

TLR4–MyD88信号转导途径介导仙人掌多糖免疫调节的机制研究

为研究仙人掌多糖(ODPs)对Toll样受体4(TLR4)及其转导的MyD88依赖性信号途径中下游重要元件髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子６(TRAF6)、IκB激酶β(IKKβ) mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,体外培养小鼠腹腔单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7),用ODPs干预24 h,收集细胞,分别采用RT–PCR法和蛋白质印迹Western blot法检测TLR4、MyD88、TRAF6、IKKβ mRNA及蛋白表达。结果显示：中、高剂量(100、200 μg/mL)ODPs显著增强TLR4、TRAF6及IKKβ的基因表达及TLR4、MyD88、TRAF6的蛋白表达(P<0.05),且具有良好的量效关系;ODPs也显著降低了MyD88的基因表达(P<0.05),对IKKβ的蛋白表达量增强效果不显著。说明非炎性条件下ODPs可促使TLR4高表达,同时激活TLR4胞内信号转导的MyD88依赖性途径。     

土茯苓切面不同颜色总多糖的提取工艺优选

为优选不同切面颜色土茯苓中总多糖的最佳提取工艺,以获得较高含量的土茯苓多糖,采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法、正交试验法对土茯苓中总多糖提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:以总多糖为指标,土茯苓切面红色的最佳提取工艺为蒸馏水作溶剂,85℃回流提取1.5h,料液比1∶10(g/mL),提取3次,提取率达19.40%;土茯苓切面白色的最佳提取工艺为蒸馏水作溶剂,95℃回流提取2h,料液比1∶30(g/mL),提取1次,提取率为48.43%。     

响应面分析法优化枸杞多糖的提取工艺

本文以枸杞多糖的提取得率为衡量指标,考察了料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间三种因素对枸杞多糖得率的影响,从而优化了枸杞多糖的提取工艺。最终实验得出提取枸杞多糖的最佳工艺条件为：料液比1：27g/mL,浸提温度81益,浸提时间为2.5h。在此条件下,枸杞多糖得率为5.03%。经过对二次响应面的分析,在最佳工艺参数下,得出枸杞多糖提取获得率的二次回归方程。     

茶多糖组成结构及其降血糖作用研究进展

茶多糖降血糖功效尤为突出,其防治糖尿病作用效果备受关注。茶多糖系茶叶中具有生物活性的复合多糖的简称,由糖类、蛋白质、果胶和灰分等物质组成。茶多糖的结构研究是近年来研究的热点,主要涉及茶多糖单糖组成、分子量、糖苷键类型、连接方式及其在溶液中的构象变化。相应的生物学活性以降血糖功效最为突出,究其作用机制与抗氧化作用和糖代谢酶调控相关。本文综述和分析了茶多糖的组成结构及其降血糖研究,以期为进一步研究提供参考依据。     

白花蛇舌草多糖提取与纯化工艺研究进展

白花蛇舌草多糖具有抗肿瘤、抗菌等多种生物活性。目前,白花蛇舌草多糖的提取方法有超声波法、微波法、热水提取法等,此外,其纯化主要体现在脱蛋白、除色素等。笔者等就近年来国内的白花蛇舌草多糖提取与纯化的研究进展进行综述,并对其提取与纯化方法进行展望。     

车前草多糖对雏鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫器官发育的影响

为了研究车前草多糖对雏鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫器官发育的影响,笔者开展了本试验。选择1日龄未免疫白罗曼蛋公鸡100只,随机分为2组(每组50只),即车前草多糖灌喂组和生理盐水对照组。分别于给药后5、10、15、20、28d,每组随机抽取3只鸡,翼下静脉采血并剖杀,采集免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊),进行生理生化指标和免疫器官脏器指数测定及免疫器官组织学观察。试验结果表明,车前草多糖能显著刺激雏鸡的红细胞和白细胞生成,并能显著促进雏鸡免疫器官的发育。     

Evaluation of beta-mannanase and nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme inclusion separately or intermittently in reduced energy diets fed to male broilers on performance parameters and carcass yield

The experimental design consisted of 5 dietary treatments including a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC; with a reduction of 88 kcal/kg of AME through the starter and grower 1 phase and a reduction of 132 kcal/kg of AME in the grower 2, finisher, and withdrawal phases compared with the PC), and the NC supplemented with either β-mannanase, nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPase; cocktail carbohydrase), or β-mannanase and NSPase intermittently fed. The intermittent treatment included β-mannanase from d 1 to 21 (starter and grower 1 phases) and NSPase from d 22 to 47. Each treatment included 9 replicate pens with 35 male broilers placed per replicate (1,575 total chicks placed). The dietary program consisted of 5 dietary phases, including the starter through d 10, grower 1 through d 21, grower 2 through d 32, finisher through d 40, and withdrawal through d 47. Broilers were weighed and feed consumption determined on days of dietary changes. On d 48, following an 8-h feed withdrawal, 6 broilers from each replicate pen were removed and processed for whole bird and fat pad measurements. The reduction in energy in the NC diet reduced BW and increased mortality rate, and the inclusion of β-mannanase and NSPase separately and intermittently in the NC diet improved growth performance and reduced mortality to levels that were comparable to the PC. The NC yielded the highest cumulative mortality-corrected FCR and all enzyme inclusion treatments reduced FCR to levels comparable to the PC for the duration of the trial. The NC diet yielded the lowest processing yields and the inclusion of β-mannanase and NSPase separately and intermittently increased multiple processing parameters to a level similar to the PC. These data confirm the ability of β-mannanase and NSPase inclusion separately and intermittently to improve performance parameters in reduced-energy broiler diets.     

Digesta viscosity, nutrient digestibility and organ weights in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets supplemented with different levels of a soluble non-starch polysaccharide

The objective of the present study was to investigate if dietary soluble non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) increase digesta viscosity, reduce nutrient digestibility and increase organ weights in African catfish. The fish (mean weight 80 g) were fed diets supplemented with the soluble NSP guar gum at three levels, 0 g kg^?1 (GG0), 40 g kg^?1 (GG4) and 80 g kg^?1 (GG8). Guar gum inclusion significantly increased digesta viscosity in the proximal (GG0: 1.7 centipoise or cP; GG4: 84.9 cP; GG8: 98.3 cP) and distal (GG0: 1.9 cP; GG4: 109.8 cP; GG8: 66.4 cP) intestine. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) were significantly lower for the GG8 diet than the GG0 diet (dry matter: 52% versus 69%; protein: 77% versus 90%; ash: 41% versus 54%; energy: 60% versus 77%). The ADC of dry matter and energy were significantly lower for the GG4 diet than the GG0 diet. The relative growth rate of metabolic weight (14.5–15.4 g kg^?0.8 day^?1) and feed conversion ratio (0.8) did not differ between diets. Fish fed the GG8 diet had a significantly higher somatic stomach index than GG0 fish (0.71% versus 0.65% body weight). The intestinal somatic index tended to increase with increasing guar gum supplementation (GG0: 1.08%; GG4: 1.23%; GG8: 1.59%). In conclusion, high digesta viscosities in the guar gum fed fish may explain the observed reduced nutrient digestibilities and increases in digestive organ weights.