甲鱼蛋白抗氧化肽的中性蛋白酶酶解条件优化

采用甲鱼蛋白为原料制备抗氧化活性肽,以DPPH(1,1 二苯基 2 三硝基苯肼)清除率和DH(水解度)为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化了中性蛋白酶酶解甲鱼蛋白制备抗氧化肽的酶解条件。结果表明: 温度5065℃,酶解pH值748,加酶量29%时, DPPH清除率最高,为(8556±152)%,对应的水解度为(768±052)%。     

Purification and Characterization of a New DPPH Radical Scavenging Peptide from Shrimp Processing By-products Hydrolysate

A peptide with high antioxidant activity was isolated and identified from shrimp processing by-products hydrolysate. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of fractions. The purified antioxidant peptide was identified as Ser-Val-Ala-Met-Leu-Phe-His (804.4 Da) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The purified peptide at 50 μg/mL showed antioxidative activity of 65.7 ± 0.9%, which was 3.18-fold higher compared with the first step separation by ion-exchange chromatography. It is possible to produce natural antioxidative peptides from shrimp processing by-products hydrolysate. The high antioxidant activity may be due to the presence of Phe-His segment at the C-terminus of the peptide.     

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Marine Algae-Extracts From Korea

Among 51 marine algae distributed along the Korean coast, Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, Ishige okamurae Yendo, Ecklonia cava Kjellman, Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey, Dictyopteris undulata Holmes, Sargassm micracanthum (Kutzing) Endlicher, and Sargassum macrocarpum C. Agarch were found to have potent antioxidant activity. Additionally, the reducing power of marine algae-extracts was consistent with diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Because little is known about Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, Ishige okamurae Yendo, Ecklonia cava Kjellman, Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey, Dictyopteris undulata Holmes, Sargassm micracanthum (Kutzing) Endlicher, and Sargassum macrocarpum C. Agarch, these marine algae may act as candidates for potent antioxidant food materials and are expected to have functional activity for foods and pharmaceuticals for treating oxidative diseases.     

Biochemical Properties and Stability of Antioxidative Activity of Half-Fin Anchovy (Setipinna taty) Fermented Product

The aim of this work was to investigate the biochemical properties of fermented product of half-fin anchovy (HAFP; Setipinna taty) made by Natto bacillus fermentation—including molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, solubility, foaming, and emulsifying profiles. Furthermore, the influences of thermal processing, pH alteration, and in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion on the antioxidative stability of HAFP in terms of the scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazayl (DPPH) radical were evaluated. Results showed that HAFP contained small peptides (< 1,500 Da) and free amino acids. The amounts of essential amino acids and flavor amino acids were 155.219 and 178.636 mg/g of dry HAFP, respectively. Moreover, HAFP contained high levels of antioxidative and hydrophobic amino acids. In suitable pH values, HAFP exhibited good solubility, foaming, and emulsifying properties. The antioxidative activity of HAFP on the scavenging DPPH radical increased after thermal processing. Furthermore, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of HAFP was enhanced slightly or dramatically after being treated under pH values from 3 to 6, or in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. It can be concluded that HAFP could have potential application in foods as a natural antioxidative ingredient.     

Protein Hydrolysates from Shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) Head Waste: Optimization of Extraction Conditions by Response Surface Methodology

Utilization of shrimp head waste from the processing industry offers a solution to environmental pollution and also produces valuable bioactive peptides. The present study was aimed to optimize the alcalase assisted extraction conditions by response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain protein hydrolysates from shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) head waste with maximum antioxidant activity. Based on the models derived by RSM, the optimized conditions for maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) were pH 8.2, temperature of 45.4°C, and enzyme/substrate (E/S) of 1.8%. Meanwhile, the optimized conditions for maximum antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates as measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrozyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were pH 8.2 and 8.1, temperatures of 49.7 and 59.4°C, and E/S of 2.1 and 2.7%, respectively. The maximum predicted values for DH, DPPH, and FRAP were 42.44%, 39.64% inhibition, and 8.3 μM Fe (II)/g wet wt. of sample, respectively. The extraction of protein hydrolysates at optimal conditions derived by these models resulted in DH, DPPH, and FRAPs of 40.31%, 38.93%, and 8.21 μM Fe (II)/g of sample, respectively, demonstrating the fitness of the models. The present study demonstrates the potential of Metapenaeus dobsoni head waste as a source of protein hydrolysates with prospective antioxidant activity.     

Antioxidant Properties of Seven Cultivated and Natural Edible Seaweed Extracts from Taiwan

Seven species of cultivated and edible seaweeds found in Southern Taiwan—including Enteromorpha intestinalis, Monostorma nitidum, Ulva lactuca, Dictyopteris undulata, Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense, Laurencia intermedia, and Porphyra dentate—were used to determine their antioxidant activity by different extraction methods. All seaweeds were extracted using water at 90°C, sterilization at 121°C, homogenization, or enzymatic hydrolysis. Extracts were evaluated for their free radical-scavenging capacity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-pricrylhydrazyl (DPPH), their reducing power, and their superoxide anion scavenging activity. The DPPH-scavenging capacity of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense extracts produced by sterilization (98.59%), homogenization (94.72%), and carbohydrate-degrading enzyme treatment was higher than that of protease extracts, except for U. lactuca. The reducing power of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense water extracts and M. nitidum Viscozyme extracts was better than that of a commercial antioxidant. S. hemiphyllum var. chinense exhibited higher superoxide anion scavenging activity than the other species. The results demonstrate that different extracts of some of the seaweeds showed remarkable antioxidant activity in different assays. The results also provide important information for the marine food industry and suggest that seaweed might be a valuable source of natural antioxidants.     

热处理对甜玉米酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究热处理对甜玉米中酚类和类黄酮物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响,分别测定新鲜甜玉米粒、甜玉米浆、甜玉米羹(将新鲜甜玉米粒打浆破碎后分别在105～125℃下高压灭菌处理25 min)3类材料提取物中的多酚和类黄酮物质含量。以FRAP、ABTS和DPPH 3个抗氧化指标来评价甜玉米提取物抗氧化能力和清除自由基能力。结果表明,酚类、类黄酮含量和FRAP值都随处理温度的升高而升高;ABTS和DPPH自由基清除能力也较未经热处理的甜玉米强;热处理能显著增强甜玉米的抗氧化能力。     

牛筋果脂溶性成分及其抗氧化活性的研究

应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对牛筋果[Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merrill)]果实的石油醚萃取部分脂溶性成分进行了初步研究。结果显示,石油醚萃取部分共鉴定了29种脂溶性成分,占总峰面积的69.67%,并确定其相对含量;其中含量较高的成分依次是顺-9,12-十八碳二烯醇(12.35%)、棕榈酸(9.67%)、Z-9,17-十八碳烯醛(8.97%)、亚油酸(7.97%)、油酸乙酯(5.81%)、β-谷甾醇(4.88%)、亚油酸乙酯(4.10%)。在此基础上,采用清除DPPH自由基能力的方法测定了醇提物、乙酸乙酯萃取物及石油醚萃取物的抗氧化活性,结果均显示出较强的抗氧化活性,其IC50值分别为40、22和288 μg/mL,由于石油醚萃取物的抗氧化活性远远大于其它萃取物,因此笔者等先行对其进行了研究。     

新疆和田产孜然挥发油成分和生物活性研究

[目的]对新疆和田产孜然挥发油进行成分分析和生物活性研究。[方法]利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取新疆和田产孜然种子中的挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）联用技术结合标准谱库对挥发油成分进行鉴定。[结果]共检测出48个峰,鉴定出38种化合物,占总挥发油的98.55%,主要成分为枯茗醛（39.03%）、1-甲基-2-枯烯（12.85%）、3-蒈烯-10-醛（9.15%）和4-乙基-3-壬烯-5-炔（8.28%）。孜然挥发油有较好的抑菌、杀菌和抗氧化作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度均达到1.25μl/ml。[结论]该研究为进一步开发新疆和田产孜然提供了科学依据。     

花脸香蘑发酵物的体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

[目的]测定花脸香蘑[Lepista sordida（Schumach.Fr.）Singer]发酵产物的体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性。[方法]利用不同溶剂对花脸香蘑发酵次生代谢物质进行了分级分离提取,用二苯基苦味酰基苯肼（DPPH）法检测各级分离物的抗氧化活性;用噻唑兰（MTT）法检测其体外抗肿瘤活性。[结果]固体发酵花脸香蘑乙酸乙酯相抗氧化活性最高,其次为发酵液乙酸乙酯相;花脸香蘑发酵液乙酸乙酯相抗肿瘤活性最高,对人宫颈癌细胞Hela的IC50值为50μg/ml;菌丝提取物也表现出较强的抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性。[结论]该结果为进一步研究和开发利用花脸香蘑提供了新的科学依据。